2024年高考英语复习讲练测（新教材新高考）阅读理解+七选五测试（基础篇）（解析版）

综合测试（基础篇）阅读理解+七选五时间：40分钟满分：50分姓名__________得分________阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节(每题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AALookatFouroftheWorld-famousCollegesUniversityCollegeLondon,England.UnitedKingdomThisuniversitywasfoundedwiththeintentofopeningeducationequallyandtoall.In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.ThecollegewasthefirstintheUnitedKingdomtoacceptstudentsfromanyclassorreligion.Tuition(学费)foreachstudentcomesinat$31,000.Thispricedoesincludefeesforhousing,food,travelexpensesandinsurance.UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,AustraliaItopenedin1853andisknownforitsoutstandingresearchandteachingprograms.Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蜗),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.Parentsofnativestudentsexpecttopay$24,500forthefirstterm’stuitionandanother$19,500forroomandboardinresidentialhousing.UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdomRecordsoftheuniversityreachbackto1209whentheareawasanancientRomantradingpost,makingitthesecondoldestuniversityintheUK.Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.Tuitionforthebachelorprogramslikeengineeringreaches$31,000.SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStatesItisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.Theteacher/studentratio(比例)andpersonalizedcoursesofstudyattractstudentsfromtheUnitedStatesandabroad.Undergraduatescarrying30creditswillpay$51,196fortuition.ThecosttoattendSarahLawrencemayseemprohibitivetomany,butadegreefromthishonouredcollegecanopenmanydoorsforgraduates.1．WhendidUniversityCollegeLondonstarttoadmitwomenonequaltermswithmen?A．In1209. B．In1853. C．In1878. D．In1887.2．Whichcollegedevelopedadevicetobenefitpeoplewithhearingloss?A．UniversityofMelbourne. B．SarahLawrenceCollege.C．UniversityofCambridge. D．UniversityCollegeLondon.3．Whatdothelasttwocollegeshaveincommon?A．Theyjustofferthebachelorprograms. B．Theyfeaturethehighestcostofboard.C．TheyarelocatedintheUnitedKingdom. D．Theyarefavouredbyinternationalstudents.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所世界名校。1．细节理解题。根据UniversityCollegeLondon,England,UnitedKingdom标题下“In1878,UniversityCollegeLondonbeganadmittingwomenusingthesameadmissionstandardsmenwereheldto.”（自1878年开始，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生。）可知，伦敦大学学院按照同等标准招收女学生是自1878年开始。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,Australia标题下“Researchattheuniversityinthe1970sledtoacochlearimplant(人工耳蜗),givingmorethan200,000patientsworldwidehearing.”（20世纪70年代，该大学的研究开发了一种人工耳蜗，为全球20多万患者提供了听力。）可知，20世纪70年代，墨尔本大学研发出人工耳蜗，造福全世界20多万听障人士。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据UniversityofCambridge,England,UnitedKingdom标题下“Cambridgecurrentlyhas21,000studentswitharound1,300ofthosecomingfrom65differentcountries.”（剑桥大学目前有21000名学生，其中约1300人来自65个不同的国家。）及SarahLawrenceCollege,NewYork,UnitedStates标题下“Itisknownforadiversestudentbodycomingfrom53differentcountries.”（它以来自53个不同国家的多样化学生群体而闻名。）可知，剑桥大学和莎拉·劳伦斯学院都深受国际生青睐。故选D项。BJimfoundhimselfexhaustedduringatrip.Whenhecamehome,hewenttoseeadoctor.“ThereasonIwastired,”Jimsays,“wasthatmykidneys(肾脏)weregone.”Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threedaysaweek.Apersonofhisageondialysisusuallylivesonlyaboutfouryears.Transplantsarealong-shotalternative.TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.Jim’swife,nephewandfourfamilyfriendsofferedbutweren’tamatch.JimwassodiscouragedthathewasevenconsideringnotattendingareunionofsomeAirForcebuddies(铁哥们).Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenin50years:DougCoffman.ThetwohadmetwhentheybothwerelearningVietnamesebeforetheywentoverseas.Doug,then70,feltastrongbondwithhisbandofbrothers,eventhoughhehadn’tseensomeofthemindecades.Theirconnectionwentbeyondthebattlefieldinwaysmostsoldiersneverexperience.Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwasatimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim.Fortunately,seriesoftestingrevealednotonlythatDoug’stissuetypematchedJim’sbutalsothathehadthekidneysofa35-year-old.Thetransplantwasasuccess.“It’sprettymiraculoustobeabletotakeanorganoutofoneperson’sbody—alivingorgan—putitinanotherperson’sbody,andhaveitwork,”Dougsays.“Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”4．FromthistextweknowthatKidneytransplantis________.A．Expensive B．dangerous C．amatterofluck D．anunwisechoice5．HowoldwasJimwhenhewentoverseas?A．About17. B．About19. C．About22. D．About25.6．WhatcanweinferfromDoug’swordsinthelastparagraph?A．DougishappytodonateakidneytoJim. B．JimishavingabetterlifethanDoug.C．Thekidneytransplantisverysuccessful. D．Modernmedicalscienceisveryadvanced.7．Whatisthethemeofthistext?A．Goodluck. B．Anoperation. C．Payingitforward. D．Goodrelationship.【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jim多年不见的老朋友Doug为其捐肾的感人故事。4．推理判断题。由第二段中的第三句“Transplantsarelong-shotalternative.(移植是一个希望渺茫的选择。)”以及最后一句“TheNationalKidneyFoundationestimatesthat13peopledieeverydaywhilewaitingforadonorwiththerightbloodandtissuetypes.(美国国家肾脏基金会估计，每天有13人在等待合适的血液和组织类型的捐赠者时死亡。)”可知，肾移植是一个希望渺茫的替代方案。美国肾脏基金会估计每天都有13人在等待一个有合适的血型和器官组织类型的捐赠者的时候死去。由此可见，肾移植要靠机会和运气。结合选项可知，选项C正确。5．细节理解题。由第二段第一句中“Jim,69,aformerAirForcepilot,immediatelystarteddialysis(透析)threetimesaweek.(现年69岁的Jim曾是一名空军飞行员，他立即开始每周透析三次。)”和第三段中“Buthiswifeencouragedhimtoreunitewithhisoldfriends,amongwhomwasonehehadn’tseenfornearly50years:DougCoffman.(但他的妻子鼓励他与老朋友团聚，其中有一位他已近50年未见的朋友:道格·科夫曼(DougCoffman)。)”可知，Jim，69岁，一位前空军飞行员，立即开始了一周三次的透析。但是他的妻子鼓励他去和他的老朋友们重新团聚，在他们之中，有一个是他几乎59年没见的人：DougCoffman。由此可知，Jim出国参战的时候是69-50=19岁，他当时大约19岁。结合选项可知，选项B正确。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句““Andthere’snothingfinerthanknowingI’vehelpedanotherpersonliveabetterlife.”(“没有什么比知道我帮助了另一个人过上更好的生活更美好的了。”)”可知，能为Jim捐肾，Doug感到很高兴。故选项A正确。7．推理判断题。由第五段中的第一句“Doughadreceivedhelpfromhisfriendswhenhewasintrouble,sohefeltlikeitwastimethathecouldpaythataheadbydonatingakidneytoJim(Doug在遇到困难的时候得到了朋友们的帮助，所以他觉得是时候把肾捐给Jim了)”可知，Doug曾在他困难的时候收到了他朋友的帮助，所以他觉得这是他通过捐肾给Jim把爱传递。由此可见，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了把爱传递下去。结合选项可知，选项C正确。CWhatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.Undefinedanduncontrolled,ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.8．RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A．supportive B．puzzled C．unconcerned D．doubtful9．Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Shocked. B．Protected. C．Attracted. D．Challenged.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture. B．ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C．AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife. D．AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.11．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B．LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C．LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D．LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。8．推理判断题。根据第三段“AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.(尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了AlanSmith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于AlanSmith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。9．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething:perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。DScientistsandengineersarepreparingforpossibletravelintointerstellar(星际的)space,theareainbetweenstars,inthedistantfuture.Anewreportexaminesthepossibleproblemofchangesinlanguageonlongspacetrips.TwoAmericanresearchershaveexploredonepossibleproblemwithsuchtravel.TheyconsideredthepossibilitythatchangesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertimeandleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.ThelanguageexpertsareprofessorsAndrewMcKenziefromtheUniversityofKansas,andJeffreyPunskeofSouthernIllinoisUniversity.Thetworecentlypublishedapaper,whichconsidersverylongtripsnecessarytoreachinterstellarspace,estimatedtobeabout18billionkilometersfromEarth.Italsoexaminesthepossibilityoffuturecolonization(殖民地的开拓)ofdistantstars.Languagesnaturallychangeascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnoteinthepaper.Thelongisolationofacommunitycouldleadtoenoughdifferencesinlanguagetomakeitimpossibleforcommunitymembersbackhometounderstand.“Ifyou’reonthisspaceshipfor10generations,newconceptsandsocialissueswillemerge,andpeoplewillcreatewaysoftalkingaboutthem,”McKenziesaidinastatement.Suchvocabularywouldbecomespecifictoonlythatspaceship.“PeopleonEarthmightneverknowaboutthesewords,unlessthere’sareasontotellthem.Andthefurtherawayyouget,thelessyou’regoingtotalktopeoplebackhome,”McKenziesaid.Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewhole“grammaticalsystem”,thepaperstates.Majorchangesinwordandsentencestructurecouldalsocreatesystematiclanguagebarriersovertime,theresearcherssaid.“Givenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones,”McKenziesaid.12．Whatisthepossibleresultoflongspacetravelaccordingtotheresearch?A．Itmaybringaboutmanylanguagebarriers. B．Peoplemaysufferfrommentalproblems.C．Itmaychangepeople’slivingenvironment. D．PeoplecouldcommunicatemoreeasilyonEarth.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolation”inparagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Connection. B．Distribution. C．Loneliness. D．Separation.14．Whatcanweinferaboutthelanguageusedonspaceshipsfromparagraph4?A．Itwillformitsownlanguagesystem. B．Itwillreplacethecurrentlanguagesoon.C．ItcanbeunderstoodbypeopleonEarth. D．Itcanbeusedtocommunicatewithaliens.15．WhydoestheauthormentionMcKenzieinthelastparagraph?A．Topresentthewaytocreatenewlanguages.B．Toexplainthereasonforlanguageproblems.C．Tostresstheinevitabletrendoflanguagechanging.D．Toshowtheimportanceofnewgrammaticalsystems.【答案】12．A13．D14．A15．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“TheyconsideredthepossibilitythatchangesinhumanlanguagecoulddevelopovertimeandleadtomajorcommunicationproblemswithpeopleonEarth.(他们考虑到人类语言的变化可能会随着时间的推移而发展，并导致与地球上的人的主要交流问题)”可知，长时间太空旅行的可能结果是它可能会带来很多语言障碍。故选A。13．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Languagesnaturallychangeascommunitiesgrowmoreisolatedfromeachother,theresearchersnoteinthepaper.(研究人员在论文中指出，随着社区变得更加孤立，语言自然会发生变化)”可知，一个社区的长期分隔可能会导致语言上的差异，使社区成员无法理解。故划线词意思是“分隔”。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchersnotedthatinadditiontonewwordsbeingused,thelanguageofpeopletravelingonspaceshipsandlivingincolonieswouldexperiencemanyotherchanges.Forexample,thesoundsofdifferentletterswouldlikelychangeovertime,affectingnotonlyindividualwords,butthewhole“grammaticalsystem”,thepaperstates.(研究人员指出，除了使用新词外，在宇宙飞船上旅行和在殖民地生活的人的语言还会发生许多其他变化。例如，不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变，不仅影响单个单词，还会影响整个“语法系统”)”可推知，宇宙飞船上使用的语言将形成自己的语言体系。故选A。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Majorchangesinwordandsentencestructurecouldalsocreatesystematiclanguagebarriersovertime,theresearcherssaid.“Givenmoretime,newgrammaticalformscancompletelyreplacecurrentones,”McKenziesaid.(研究人员说，单词和句子结构的重大变化也会造成长期的系统性语言障碍。“如果给更多的时间，新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的，”麦肯齐说)”可推知，作者在最后一段提到了麦肯齐是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Worriedabouttheclimate?16.Herearesomeexamplestogetyoustarted.•CountthebirdsandthebeesGetclosertonaturebybecomingacitizenscientist.Youcouldbecountingbirdsinyourgarden,butterflies,insectsandflowers,orevenreptilesandhedgehogs.17.It’safungroupactivity,andyourdatacanhelpscientistsbetterunderstandtheimpactofhumanbehaviouronnaturalhabitats.•18Mediaheadlinescanbealarmingwhenitcomestotheclimateandnaturecrisisorignoringtheissuescompletely.Hostingalocaldiscussioncanallowspaceforreflection,debate,ideasandcollaboration(合作)totakeactiononglobalissuesatalocallevel.•SetupalibraryofthingsInternetshoppinghasmadeittooeasytobuynewstuffattheclickofabutton.19?First,it’llclutter(凌乱地塞满)yourhouse，thenit’llcluttertheplanet.Settingupalibraryofthingscanencouragelocalpeopletoshareeverythingfromtoolstoinstruments,cookinggadgetstotoys.•Startaclimateemergencycentre20.That’swhymoreandmoreclimateemergencycentresarepoppingupinderelict(废弃地)shopsonhighstreetsandinshoppingcentres.Aclimateemergencycentrecanbeaspaceforeventssuchasanexhibitiononplasticwasteoraworkshoptolearnhowtomakeeco-cleaningproducts.Itcanalsobeawaytomotivatemorepeopletotakeaction.A．CooperatewithyourlocalsB．ButwhereisitallgoingtoendupC．HostaclimateandnaturediscussionD．ButhowhaveweconsumedthethingsE．Theclimateandnaturecrisisisn’tgoingawayF．TherearelotsofcitizenscienceprojectstotakepartinG．Smalllocalactionswithneighbors,localbusinessesandpoliticianscanmakeadifference【答案】16．G17．F18．C19．B20．E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了个人可以采取的行动来应对气候变化和保护环境的例子，包括参与公民科学项目、举办关于气候和自然问题的当地讨论、建立共享物品的图书馆，以及建立气候紧急中心以提高意识并激发行动。16．根据空前“Worriedabouttheclimate?(担心气候吗？)”及空后“Herearesomeexamplestogetyoustarted.(这里有一些例子可以帮助你开始。)”可推出，空处应该与解决上文的问题有关，G项“Smalllocalactionswithneighbors,localbusinessesandpoliti