复习限制性定语从句

复习限制性定语从句编稿：牛新阁审稿：王春霞概念引入定语从句是我们从初中学到高一，又从高一学到高二，可能是出现最频繁的语法项目，在这个单元里，我们复习一下定语从句的用法，重点复习运用限制性定语从句时的注意要点。先看下面句子：1.Iknowyou’redyingtohearallaboutmylifehere,soI’veincludedsomephotoswhichwillhelpyoupicturetheplacesItalkedabout.2.Theboyswhohadnevercomeacrossanythinglikethisbeforestartedjumpingoutofthewindows.3.Wewalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—firstupamountaintoaridgefromwherewehadfantasticviewsandthendownasteeppathtothevalleybelow.4.TheonlypossessionsIcouldseewereonebroom,afewtinplatesandcupsandacoupleofjars.这些句子中斜体词部分就是定语从句，其中句1中包括两个定语从句：=1\*GB3①which引导的修饰photos；=2\*GB3②theplaces后的Italkedabout是省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰theplaces。句2中who引导的定语从句修饰boys；句3中是where引导的定语从句修饰aridge；句4中Icouldsee是省略了引导词that的定语从句修饰possessions。下面我们就来对限制性定语从句的用法进行梳理和总结。为了不影响分析，下文中简单的句子，就不译成汉语了用法讲解定语从句及相关名词的定义1.什么是定语从句？指在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句。定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。2.先行词：即被修饰的名词、代词或短语，定语从句通常置于在先行词之后。3.引导词：定语从句的引导词也称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词两种，放定语从句前，引出定语从句。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作一定的成分。关系代词：who,whom,whose,that,which,as关系副词：when,where,why(此处为空白，为了表格完整留出)关系代词和关系副词的用法常见关系代词和关系副词用法表先行词物人人、物地点时间reason从句中的成分主语宾语主语宾语定语地点状语时间状语原因状语关系代词which√√that√√√√who√√whom√whose√关系副词where√when√why√注：as用法特殊，没有列入表中。选择关系代词的步骤：1.找到定语从句和先行词；2.把先行词放定语从句中确定要填的关系代词或副词作什么成分，注意介词的位置；3.确定是否是特殊用法；4.选择合适的关系代词或关系副词。小口诀：一看指人还是物二看介词在何处三看句中作何用四看是否属特殊试填细解试在下面句子中填入关系词：Thisisthedetective____camefromLondon.Thelady____theywantedtovisitisascientist.Thebook____IamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.Thisistheroom____Shakespearewasbornin.Thedesk____legisbrokenisveryold.Iwillneverforgettheday____Imetthefamousastronaut.Everyonewantstovisittheplace____PremierZhouonceworked.Wedon’tknowthereason____theydidn’tkeeptheirpromise.分析：Thisisthedetectivewho/thatcamefromLondon.

先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作主语，填入who或that。Theladywhom/thattheywantedtovisitisascientist.

先行词是人，关系词代表先行词在从句中作宾语，填入whom或that。Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.这就是我们之间有分歧的几点。There’snoreasonforwhich/whyweshouldn’tbefriends.我们没有理由不成为朋友。3.介词的确定1）依据习惯搭配确定Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentmostofmymoney.我买了很多书，这些书花了我多数的钱。2）依据与先行词的搭配的具体意义确定。Jillonceworkedinthecompanyinwhichthecarsareproducednow.吉尔曾在生产这种汽车的那家公司工作。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的气体是氧气，离了它我们不能活。注意：总之，把先行词放定语从句中，看缺少什么介词就用什么介词。4.不能提前的介词有些“动词+介词”的短语不能把介词提前，否则会失去动词短语的意义，如takecareof，lookfor，lookafter等。ThisistherightCDwhichI’mlookingfor.这就是我正找的CD。要点关注4：关系词的省略1.关系代词的省略引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有时可以省略：1）关系代词在从句中作动词宾语时。Thelady（whom/that）theywantedtovisitisascientist.他们想要访问的那个女士是科学家。2)关系代词在从句中作表语时。Afterascoreofyears,Johnsonisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.二十年后，约翰逊不再是当年淘气的男孩子了。3）关系代词在从句中作介词宾语，且介词没有提前时。Theman（whom/that）youtalkedwithismyfriend.你与之交谈的那个人是我朋友。2.关系副词的省略先行词是theway，theplace，theplaces，thetime，theday等，有时用that代替when，where，介词+which，而且可以省略。先行词thereason后的关系副词why也有时省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.他回答这个问题的方式很让人吃惊。Ihaveneverbeentotheplaces(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我从来没有去过印第安人居住的地方。Ishouldnothavewastedsomuchtime(that/duringwhich)Ishouldhavestudied.我浪费了那么多本应该用来学习的时间。Thereason(why)hedidthatisquiteclear.他那样做的理由是非常清楚的。巩固练习Ⅰ.用“介词+关系代词”填空。1.Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebook_________shepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebook_________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook_________sheoftentalks?5.Hedugaholeinthewall________hecouldseewhathappenedoutside.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,________standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest________istheYellowRiver.8.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatswimming.9.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.10.Thespeed________youdriveyourcarmustn’tbetoohigh.11.Thisisthemountainvillage_______Ivisitedtheoldmanlastyear.12.Intheparktherearemanyflowers,thecolour________isbrightandnice.13.Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,________therearemanypictures.14.Whatwerethethings_________hewasnottoosure?15.Heislookingforhisglasses_________hecan’tseeanything.Ⅱ.句子翻译根据下面提示，给Tom写一封信，尽量多地使用定语从句。我收到了你上周的来信，谢谢你寄的照片。我常常想起我们一起度过的时光，你还记得那个湖吗?我们在那儿还照过一张相呢。和我们一起玩的那些朋友还好吗?我昨晚做了梦，在梦里我们在上次去的那家电影院呢。另外，我买到了你要的那本英语书，周末有时间我将把书寄给你。Ⅲ.单项选择。1.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hastakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich2.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why3.Isthisthereason______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained4.InChina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that5.—Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourselves?—Yes，there’sonepoint________wemustinsiston.A．whyB．whereC．howD．/6.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that7.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom8.Iworkinabusiness_____almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that9.Thegreattroublehe____showushowtorunthemachine_____himverytired.A.tookto;madeB.takesto;makeC.took;makeD.taketo;tomake10.Wearelivinginanage_______manythingsaredoneoncomputers.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.when11.Lookatthewatch.Don’tyouseeitis_______watch________Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;as

B.the

same;as

C.thesame;which

D.asthesame;that12.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A．whyB．whereC．which D．that13.I’msorrytosaythattheway_______youdiditwasnottheway______theteachertoldyou.A.which；thatB.不填；不填C.that；inwhichD.不填；inwhich14.Isthishotel_______offeredyouajob_______youstayedthefirsttimeyouarrivedhere?A.which,whereB.theone,inwhichC.where,thatD.theonethat,where15.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A．who B．that C．as D．What16.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A．what B．whoseC．which D．that17.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.A．theway B．inthewaythatC．intheway D．thewaywhich18.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers________shehadwipedherhands.A．where B．whichC．when D．that19.TheEnglishplay________mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A．forwhich B．atwhichC．inwhich D．onwhich20.We’rejusttryingtoreachapoint________bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A．where B．thatC．when D．which21.People________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don’t.A．who;/ B．/;whoC．who;who D．/;/22．Youmayborrowanybook________.A．thatyouinterestB．whichyouareinterestedC．thatinterestsyouD．whichinterestsyou23．Thereisnothingintheworld________canpleasehim.A．which B．whatC．whom D．that24．Thesecondbook________IwanttoreadisTravelsinChina.A．which B．whatC．that D．as25.Hepromisedtodoall________hecould________meoutofthedifficultsituation.A．which;help B．that;helpedC．that;helping D．that;tohelp26．Theprofessortalkedaboutsomepoetsandpoems______wereunknowntous.A．which B．whoC．that D．whom27.Iknowthereason________hecamelatethismorning，butIdon’ttellanyoneaboutit.A．why B．whoC．where D．when28.Thehousethewindows________weredamagedhasbeenrepaired.A．ofthat B．ofwhichC．who D．which29.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy________wemayreturninthenearfuture.A．onwhich B．bywhichC．towhich D．fromwhich30.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where答案与解析：Ⅰ.用“介词+关系代词”填空。注意：在这些句子中，which或whom引导定语从句，并且代表先行词在定语从句中作介词宾语。1.onwhich。spendsometime/moneyonsth.花一段时间/钱在某事物上2.forwhich。paysomemoneyforsth.为某物付钱3.fromwhich。learn...from...从中学会4.aboutwhich。talkabout谈论某事物5.throughwhich。句意：他在墙上弄出个洞，透过这个洞，他可以看到外面发生的事。6.underwhich。underthetree树下。7.ofwhich。thesecondlongestoftherivers第二大河8.towhom。speaktosb.与某人说话9.ofwhich。mostofwhich=mostofthetenwindows10.atwhich。driveatthespeed用这种速度开车11.inwhich。visittheoldmaninthemountainvillage在小山村拜访那位老人12.ofwhich。表示“花的颜色”。13.inwhich。14.ofwhich。besureof确定15.withoutwhich。withouthisglasses没有眼镜的话Ⅱ.句子翻译DearTom,Ihavereceivedtheletteryoupostedlastweek.Thanksforthephotosyousentme.Ioftenthinkofthetimewespenttogether.Doyoustillrememberthelakewherewehadapicturetaken?Howarethechildrenwhoplayedwithus?Ihadadreaminwhich/wherewewerestayinginthecinemawhich/thatwewenttolasttime.Besides,Ihaveboughtthebook(that/which)youneed.OntheweekendwhenIamfree,Iwillpostittoyou.Bestwishes,Yours，LiHuaⅢ.单项选择。1.C。考查定语从句中介词的选择。which代替所修饰词themuseum，在定语从句中要作of的宾语，相当于theconstructionofthemuseum（博物馆的建设）。2.A。where代替先行词situation，在从句中充当状语。句意：他把自己弄到了一个危险的状况，在这种状况下，他很有可能失去对飞机的控制。3.A。先行词是thereason，且在从句中充当explained的宾语，而不是状语，所以不能用why。what和how不引导定语从句。4.C。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。先行词和其定语从句被谓语isincreasing隔开了。5.D。先行词point在定语从句中作insiston的宾语，所以可省略。6.A。inwhich在定语从句中作状语，代替inthescenes（在那些幕里）。7.D。talk是不及物动词，与某人谈话一般用“talkwith”。8.C。where在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在公司里”。9．A。分析句子可知，主语trouble的谓语是made，即“这些很大的辛苦使我们很累”，所以trouble后的he...是定语从句，taketroubletodosth.表示“不辞辛苦地做某事”，即trouble是take的宾语，定语从句省略了关系代词that或which；注意不要忘记短语中的不定式符号to。10.D。age时期，是先行词。when表示“在这个时期”。11.B。先行词有thesame修饰，一般用as引导定语从句，表示“与一样的”，as代替先行词watch在从句中作lost的宾语。12.B。where引导一个定语从句，修饰family，相当于inthefamily。句意：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母对待孩子就像对待朋友一样。13.B。先行词way在定语从句中作方式状语，即“youdiditintheway”，所以用inwhich或that引导从句，也可以省略，排除A；第二空中先行词theway在从句中作told的直接宾语，用that/which，也可以省略，所以选B。14.D。句子是一般疑问句，较难分析，变为陈述句Thishotelis...，可以看出be后少表语，也就是少offeredyouajob所修饰的名词，所以选theone，排除A、C；先行词theone在其后的定语从句中作主语，要用that，不能省略，排除B。第二空是另一个定语从句修饰theone，where代表先行词在从句中作stayed的地