外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 1 Food for thought基础知识学案

Unit1SectionA基础练习一、基础短语1.gowellsth.与......相配2.bebelievedsth.被认为是......3.即将做某事4.(be)made由......制成5.(be)well-known因......而闻名6.多亏，由于7.开始做某事8.养成做某事的习惯9.去肉店10.一定做过某事11.最好做某事12.遭受......之苦13.按照，根据，据......所说14.对付，应付，处理15.偶然遇见，偶然发现16.one’scouragesth.鼓起勇气做某事17.咬一口18.beamazed惊奇地发现19.sb.sth.使某人想起某事20.爱上......21.知道22.甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜23.对......感到舒适自在24.没有比......更好25.给某人留下印象二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①.n.种，类→v.将......分类，整理。②.n.烤面包(片)，吐司→v.烘，烤(面包或其他食品)。③.n.大块烤肉→adj.烤好的，烤制的。④.v.咬→n.咬。2.派生法构词①.spicen.香料→adj.(食物)加有香料的，辛辣的。②.marryv.结婚，嫁，娶→n.婚姻。③.typen.种类，类型→adj.典型的，有代表性的。④.v.(身体或精神上)受苦→sufferingn.痛苦，苦难，折磨。⑤.v.聚集→gatheringn.聚集，聚会⑥poisonn.毒药，毒物，毒素→adj.有毒的三、重难点知识及练习1.现在分词(短语)作状语①作时间状语(相当于时间状语从句)；例：Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.我从窗户向外望，看见一些学生在操场上打篮球。②作原因状语(相当于原因状语从句)；例：Beingill,shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.因为生病，她今天没去上学。③作条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)；例：Studyinghard,you’llpasstheexam.努力学习，你会通过考试的。④作让步状语(相当于让步状语从句)；例：Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。练习：1.(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.2.(hear)thatshehadjustbeenadmittedtoPekingUniversity,shejumpedwithjoy.3.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows,(make)airconditioningunnecessary.4.(buy)thiscoat,youcangetthatT-shirtforfree.5.ThevisitorsstoodontopofMountainTai,(enjoy)therisingsun.6.(take)morecare,Istillmadequiteafewmistakes.7.(walk)downthestreet,IcameacrossDavid.8.(think)Iwouldbebusythen,Irefusedtheinvitation.2.taketo养成......的习惯；对......产生好感①taketo(doing)sth.养成(做)某事的习惯；②taketosb./sth.对某人/某物产生好感。【拓展】take相关短语takeapart拆开，拆卸；takedown拿下，记下；takeon呈现，雇用，承担；Takeaway拿走，使消失；takeover接管，接任；takeup拿起，占据，开始从事；takeback收回(说过的话)，退回；takein吸收，收留，欺骗，理解；takeoff脱下，起飞，突然开始成功，休假。练习：1.Janehastakento(get)upearlysincethebeginningofthisterm.2.Shegaveupsculptureandtookpaintingthebirdsandflowers.3.Aftermanyyears’hardwork,hiscareerreallytookandhebecameworld-famous.4.Don’tbetakenbyproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.5.Someinsectstakethecolouroftheirsurroundingstoprotectthemselves.6.Rogertookwritingeventuallywhichhadbeenadreamsincehischildhood.3.sortn.&v.(1)n.种，类①allsortsof(=allkindsof)各种各样的(名词前)；②ofallsorts各种各样的(名词后)；③this/thatsortof这/那种(名词前)；④ofthis/thatsort这/那种(名词后)；⑤sortof(=kindof)有几分，有点儿(用于动词、形容词、副词之前作状语，表程度)(2)v.将......分类，整理①o...把......分成......；②sortout整理，挑出，解决。练习：1.(这种)wetweatherisbadforourknees.2.Films(那种)havefueledthestudents’loveforthemotherland.3.Wesaw(各种各样的动物)inthepark.4.Iwasfeeling(有点儿累)fromthetriptoNewYork.5.Ifyoudon’tsortthepapersonyourdeskregularly,yourdeskwillbeinamesssoon.6.Rubbishcaneasilybeseparatedandsortedplastics,glassandpaper.7.Sortanyclothesyouwanttothrowawayandgivethemtopeopleinneed.8.Wehadaveryproductivemeeting--Ifeltwesortedalotofproblems.4.typical&typically(1)typicaladj.典型的，有代表性的，不出所料的，特有的；①betypicalof...是典型的......②Itistypicalofsb.todosth.做某事是某人的特点。(2)typicallyadv.典型地，一向如此，通常；练习：1.Itistypicalofhim(take)responsibilityfortheteam.2.Thewomansheactedinthefilmwastypicalthewomeninthe1930s.3.It(typical)takesadayortwo,dependingonsize.5.suffer&sufferer&suffering(1)sufferv.(身体或精神上)受苦，遭受(痛苦)，遭受(困难)，吃苦头，受损害；①sufferfrom+宾语，表示“因......受苦”，from表示原因；②sufferpain/hardship经历痛苦难；③sufferadefeat/aloss/damage/punishment遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚。(2)sufferern.受苦者，患病者；(3)sufferingn.[U]疼痛；[pl]痛苦。练习：1.Shortlyafter(suffer)fromanearthquake,thecitytookonanewlook.2.Shesufferedloneliness,butshehadtolearntolivewithit.3.Hehashelpedpatients(suffer)fromanxiety,depression,andeatingdisorders.4.Peoplewho(患头痛)willfindtheygetrelieffromthismedicine.5.Manyyoungpeople(承受压力)bothfromhomeandwork.6.Manycountries(损失惨重)inthefinancialcrisis.6.accordingto据......所说，按照，根据accordingto用来引出来自他人或他处的消息，不能与me或myopinion连用；表示“依我看”可用inmyopinion。练习：1.(据......所说)thedoctor,itwilltakehimalongtimetorecoverfromtheinjury.2.Theyarepaid(根据)howlongtheyhavebeenemployed.3.Ifeverything(按计划进行),wewillfinishonschedule.4.(在我看来),youcanforgetabouteacross偶然遇见，偶然发现【拓展·1】表示“偶然遇见”的短语：runacross，runinto，meet...bychance。【拓展·2】come相关短语：①comeabout发生，产生(常与how连用)；②comealong(with)(和......)一起去；③cometo总计为，加起来是；④comeback回来，再度流行；⑤comeout出版，发行，(太阳、月亮或星星)出现，(花朵)开放，(消息)为人所知；⑥comeup走近，出现，被提到；⑦comeupwith想出，想到(主意答案)。练习：1.Shecameanoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshoppingatthedepartmentstore.2.It’salready10o’clock.Iwonderhowitcomesthatsheistwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.3.Isthisyournecklace,Mary?IcameitwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.4.在去博物馆的路上，我碰巧遇到了我的一位老师。Onmywaytothemuseum,Ioneofmyteachers.=Onmywaytothemuseum,Imetoneofmyteachers.8.gather&gathering(1)gatherv.聚集，集合，搜集，采集①gathertogether聚集起来，合拢；②gatherround/around聚集，集合；③gatherin收割，收获；④gatherspeed加快速度(=pickupspeed)。(2)gatheringn.聚集，聚会练习：1.(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.2.Canyouallgather?I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.3.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoften(聚集起来)toshareameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.9.remindv.提醒，使想起①remindsb.ofsb./sth.使某人想起某人/某物；②remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；③remindsb.that/how...提醒某人......；练习：1.Theprogramremindsthereaderstheimportanceofscience.2.Heremindedme(lock)upthehousewhenIwentout.3.However,herdadremindedhersugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.4.(remind)nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.5.Pleaseinformusanychangeofaddressassoonaspossible.6.Whathesaidjustnow(使我想起)thatAmericanprofessor.7.(提醒我买)somemilktonight.10.People/Theysaythat...据说......同义式：Itissaidthat...或Sb./Sth.issaidtodosth.【拓展】“It+be+过去分词+that...”句式：it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语①Itisreportedthat...据报道......；②Itisannouncedthat...据宣布......；③Itisconsideredthat...人们认为......；④Itisbelievedthat...人们相信......；⑤Itisagreedthat...人们一致认为......；⑥Itishopedthat...人们希望......；⑦Itissuggestedthat...有人建议......。练习：1.同义句转换①ItissaidthattheYetiisalarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.=TheYetialarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.②PeoplesaythatheisstudyinginAustraliaasanexchangestudent.=HeinAustraliaasanexchangestudent.2.(据报道)thephotographerhasfoundedanewstudio.11.feelathomewith对......感到舒适自在，对......运用自如①feelathome感到舒适自在，不拘束；②makesb.feelathome使某人感到宾至如归；③makeyourselfathome随便，别拘束(招呼客人时说)；④bethehomeof...=behometo...是......的产地/栖息地。练习：1.Heisnotthatexperienced,anddoesn’tfeelathomestrangers.2.TheRockiesarehomebearsandmountainslions.3.Theydideverythingtheycouldtomakemefeelhome.4.Ibeganto(感到舒适自在)inthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.5.Sitdownand(别拘束).12.“否定词+比较级”表达最高级含义(1)构成：否定词+形容词或副词的比较级(+than)。(2)常用的否定词：not，no，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。(3)意义：没有更......的了，再......不过了。例：Asastudent,Icantellyouthatthereisnothingbetterthanbeingpraisedbyteachersbeforeclassmates.作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。练习：1.Thereisno(great)pleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland,staringatthenightsky.2.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen(popular)3.Nobodyis(good)atthisscientificprojectthanhim.4.没有什么比打败高手更畅快的了。someonewho’splayingwell.5.我以前从未看过比这更好的电影。Ifilmbefore.6.他比班上其他任何男生都高。Heistallerthaninhisclass.=Heistallerthaninhisclass.=Heistallerthaninhisclass.13.symboln.象征，标志，符号，记号①a/thesymbolof.........的象征；②a/thesymbolfor.........的符号。【辨析】symbol，sign，mark，signal①symbol：指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。②sign：指代表某种固定意义的符号或标志，也可指某种情况的迹象或征兆。③mark：指在其他事物上留下的印痕或先天固有的标记。④signal：指用于传达某些信息的约定俗成的信号。练习：1.WhitehasalwaysbeenasymbolpurityinWesterncultures.2.选词填空：symbol，sign，mark，signal①Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasaforeveryonetostandup.②Headachesmaybeaofstress.③Iputainthemargintoremindmetocheckthefigure.④Redisaofgoodluckinmanycultures.14.opinionn.意见，看法①inone’sopinion(=inone’sview)在某人看来；②have/holdanopinion持有某个意见；③askforone’sopinion询何某人的意见；④give/expressanopinion提出/表达意见；⑤haveahigh/low/good/badopinionof...对......评价高/低/好/差。练习：1.Who,youropinion,isthebestsoccerplayerintheworldtoday?2.TheyhaveaveryhighopinionPaula’swork.3.Theopinionlearningisalifelongprocesshasbeenexpressedbyeducationexpertsthroughouttheyears.4.(在我看来),Helen(对......评价太高)herownappearance.5.He(没有发表意见)onthematter.Unit1SectionB基础练习一、基础短语1.设法弄懂，解决2.害怕做某事3.有能力做某事4.对......的介绍5.为......付费6.训练......做某事7.拒绝......8.餐桌礼仪9.......也不例外10.捡起，拿起，举起11.以防万一12.以......开始13.wheninRome,doastheRomansdo14.某种......15.强烈推荐16.少量......17.把......加到......上18.说服某人做某事二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①.n.(事物的)功能，作用→v.起作用，正常运转。②.n.柄，把手→v.处理，应付。③.v.侵袭，侵蚀→n.损害，伤害。2.派生词构词①.relatev.相联系，有关联→adj.有关系的，相关的→n.关系②.addictn.对......着迷的人→adj.对......着迷的→n.上瘾③.v.不同，不一样，有区别→adj.不同的，不一样的→n.差别，差异④.slightadj.轻微的，微小的→adv.略微，稍微⑤.incredibleadj.难以置信的→adv.极端地，非常地⑥.v.烘，烤，焙→bakeryn.面包店，糕饼店⑦.v.推荐→n.推荐三、重难点知识及练习1.functionn.&v.(1)n.(事物的)功能，作用，(某人的)职责perform/fulfilafunction发挥功能，履行职责；(2)v.起作用，正常运转①functionas起......作用(不能用于被动语态)；②functionwell/normally运转良好/正常。练习：1.Comparedtothetraditionalones,theyhavethreenewunique(function).2.Wehaveasparebedroomthatalsofunctionsastudy.3.Despitethepowercuts,thehospitalcontinuedto(正常运作).4.Inyournewjobyouwill(履行许多不同的职责).2.related&relate&relation&relative(1)relatedadj.有关系的，相关的①berelatedto与......有关系/有关联；②beclosely/directlyrelatedto与......有密切的/直接的关系。(2)relatev.有关联，把......联系起来①relateto涉及，与......相关；②relateAtoB把A与B联系起来。(3)relationn关系，联系inrelationto关于......，与......相关(4)relativeadj.相对的；n.亲戚(5)relativelyadv.相当地，相对地练习：1.Hesuffersfrommemoryloss(relate)tohisdisease.2.Policenowbelievethatthethreecrimescouldbe(relate).3.Thestudyfoundadirect(relate)betweensmokingandlungcancer.4.Weneedtoexplainwhytheseissuesareimportantandrelatethemeverydaylife.5.Lackofexerciseisalsoariskfactorforheartdiseasebutit’s(relative)smallwhencomparedwiththeothers.6.Thereisnodoubtthatyourdisease(与......有关)yourunhealthydiet.3.dietn.&v.(1)n.日常饮食，节食，规定饮食①ahealthy/balanced/poordiet健康的/均衡的/糟糕的饮食②beonadiet在节食(强调状态)；③goonadiet开始节食(强调动作)；④followadiet按照规定饮食；⑤sticktoadiet坚持某一种饮食。(2)v.节食，按规定进食练习：1.Haveyoubeenadiet?You’velostalotofweight.2.Youwillfeelbetterifyoufollowlow-fatdiet.3.Tokeepfit,weshouldhave(均衡的饮食)andtakeexerciseeveryday.4.Idecidedto(节食)beforemyholiday.5.Iwon’thaveanyicecream.I(正在节食).4.不定式作表语省略to的情况当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to：当主语部分不含实义动词do时，作表语的不定式须带to。练习：1.Whatshedidtothematterwas(keep)silent.2.WhenIwaslittle,myfavouritethingtodowas(go)totheplaygroundandplayontheswings.3.Intheeveningtheonlythinghedidwas(read)thenewspaper.4.Nowmydreamis(open)acafe.5.addict&addicted&addictive&addiction(1)addictn.对......着迷的人(2)addictedadj.(人)上瘾的，对......着迷的be/become/getaddictedto对......上瘾，沉迷于......(3)addictiveadj.(药物等)使人上瘾的，使人入迷的(4)addictionn.瘾，迷，嗜好练习：1.Theyoungguy(沉迷于)surfingtheInternet.2.Addictedto(play)theviolin,hedidn’tfindastrangerwalkedintohishouse.3.Thesenutsare(addict)--Ican’tstopeatingthem.4.Smokingisaharmfulhabitandmakespeople(addict)oncetheystartdoingit.5.Hekickedhisthree-pack-a-daysmokinghabit,andovercamehis(addict)toalcohol.6.customn.风俗，习惯，传统Itisthecustom(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是风俗。其复数形式customs还可表示“海关”：acustomsofficer海关官员；customer意为“顾客”【辨析】custom与habit①custom：指社会的“风俗，习俗”；②)habit：指个人的“习惯”。练习：1.Youshouldadaptyourselfto(当地的风俗)whenyougotoanewcountry.2.InJapan,(脱掉鞋子是风俗)whenyouenterahouse.3.ThecelebrationoftheSpringFestivalinChinaisa.4.Hehasformedagoodofplayingthepianoforanhoursinceanearlyage.7.manner(1)mannersn.复数表示：礼貌，礼仪；①havegood/badmanners有/没有礼貌；②mindone’smanners注意礼貌。(2)mannern.单数表示：方式，方法，举止，态度；ina...manner以......方式练习：1.It’sconsideredgood(manner)insomesocietytoleavealittlefoodonyourplate.2.Themannerwhichthedecisionwasannouncedwasextremelyregrettable.3.Iworkedoutthemathsproblemadifferentmethod.4.Hismothertaughthimtoalways(注意礼貌)withhiselders.5.I’maprofessionalandIhavetoconductmyself(以专业方式).8.incase(=justincase)(1)以防万一(引导目的状语从句)；(2)如果，假如(引导条件状语从句)；【注意】：incase后常接一般现在时、一般过去时或should。【拓展】incase相关短语：①incaseofsth.要是......在......的时候(尤用于官方告示)；②inanycase无论如何，不管怎样；③inmostcases多数情况下；④inthis/thatcase既然这样/那样，如果这样/那样的话；⑤innocase决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)；⑥asisoftenthecase(with)(对......)是常有的事。练习：1.Ihadasnack(以防)therewasnotimetoeatlater.2.(如果发生)anemergency,breaktheglassandpressthebutton.3.Ican’tunderstandwhyIcouldn’tdoit.(不管怎样),I’mgoingtotryit.4.(我们决不应阻止)thestudentsfromexploringnewideas.5.Takeanumbrellawithyou,incaseit(rain).6.isoftenthecasewitholdpeople,mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutgoodolddays.9.trickn.&v.(1)n.诀窍，技巧，技法，恶作剧，诡计①playatrick/tricksonsb.捉弄某人；(2)v.欺骗，诱骗，哄骗①tricksb.into(doing)sth.欺骗某人(做)某事；②tricksb.outofsth.从某人处骗走某物。【拓展】其他表示“取笑，嘲笑，捉弄”的短语：①playajoke/jokesonsb.开某人的玩笑；②laughatsb.嘲笑某人；③makefunofsb.取笑某人。练习：1.Thetrickis(pick)theanimalupbythebackofitsneck.2.ChildrenliketoplaytrickseachotheronAprilFool’sDay.3.Theyoungmanclaimedhewastrickedinto(carry)loadsforhiscolleague.4.Theoldwoman(trick)outofherlifesaving.5.I’mafraidtheotherkidswilllaughmebecauseIdon’tunderstand.6.Heplayedajokemebypretendinghe’dlostthetickets.10.handlen.&v.(1)n.柄，把手(2)v.处理，应付(=dealwith)①handlestress调节压力；②handledifficultcustomers应付苛刻的顾客。练习：1.Wehavetheconfidenceandtheability(handle)thisimportantmatterwell.2.Mostcustomersweresatisfiedwiththewaytheircomplaints(handle).3.Totellthetruth,Idon’tknowifIcan(处理好这件事).11.differ&different&difference(1)differv.不同，不一样，有区别；(意见)有分歧；①differin在......方面不同；②differfrom与......不同；③differwithsb.about/on/oversth.与某人在某事上持不同意见。(2)differentadj.不同的①bedifferentfrom与......不同；②bedifferentin在......方面不同。(3)differencen.不同练习：1.Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatlysizeandshape.2.Thetwostudentsdifferoneanothertheirabilitytohandlestress.3.Itisnotaneasythingtoteamupwiththosewhodifferyouonit.4.Themedicalopinion(differ)astohowtotreatthedisease.12.slightly&slight(1)slightlyadv.略微，稍微(2)slightadj.轻微的，略微的notintheslightest毫不，一点也不练习：1.Fortunately,thebabywas(slight)injuredinthecaraccident.2.Hisfamilythenmovedtoaslightly(large)house.3.--Didhemindlendingyouthecar?--.(一点都不)13.recommendv.推荐，介绍，劝告，建议①recommendsth.tosb.向某人推荐某物；②recommendsb.for...推荐某人做(某职位)；③recommenddoingsth.建议做某事；④recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.=recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事；⑤It’srecommendedthat...(should)do...建议......。练习：1.Irecommendthisbookanyonewithaninterestinchemistry.2.Shewasrecommendedthepostbyacolleague.3.Iwouldstronglyrecommend(buy)abicycleofhighqualityratherthanacheapone.4.DuringhisstayinXi’an,Jerrytriedalmostallthelocalfoodshisfriends(recommend).5.Iboughtthisalbumafterafriend(向我推荐它).6.Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines(每年检查一次)。14.attackv.&n.(1)v.侵袭，侵蚀，袭击，攻击，抨击①attacksb.withsth.用某物袭击某人；②attacksb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而抨击某人。(2)n.损害，伤害，袭击，攻击，抨击，(疾病的)发作①anattackon对......的袭击/攻击/抨击；②launch/makeanattack发起/进行攻击；③be/comeunderattack遭到攻击/抨击。练习：1.Thewitnesssaidthewomanwasattractedabrokenbattle.2.Thechancesof(attack)byasharkareverysmallcomparedtootherdangers.3.Shehasbeenattackedignoringherownpartymember.4.Hisspeechiswidelyseenasanattacktheeducationsystem.5.Thegeneralcommandedthatthesoldiersshould(对......进行攻击)theenemy.6.Thetown(收到攻击)byrebelgroupsforaweeknow.15.withinprep.在......里，在......之内①withinone’sreach在某人够得到的范围内；②withinone’srights在某人的权利范围之内；③withinone’spower在某人的能力范围之内；④withinwalkingdistance在步行距离之内；⑤withineasyreachof离......很近，靠近......；⑥withinsight在视野内，看得见；⑦withinlimits在合理限度内。【注意】：within可以表示时间、空间，表示空间时，不表示具体的位置，而是范围；inside只表示空间，表示具体的位置。练习：1.Thebeachiswalkingdistanceofmyhouseandwecanhearthesoundofthesea.2.Idon’tthinkitisyourpowertocarryontheresearch.3.Youcancomeandgowhenyouwant--limits.4.Asshecamesightofthehouse,shesawtwomengettingoutofacar.5.Anambulancewasonthespot(几分钟内).Unit1SectionC基础练习一、基础短语1.使......经受考验，检验......2.属于3.养育，抚养4.(地方或空间)小得无法转身5.(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来6.打听(不在时所发生的的事情)，别后续谈7.几乎，差不多8.忙于做某事9.没有什么比......更令人满意的了10.(=sortof)有点，有几分11.最大限度地利用某物12.一团糟13.用功读书14.与......相似15.作出评论16.被称为......，作为......而出名17.适应18.买，购买19.在某人回家路上20.试用，试验，检验21.IntangibleCulturalHeritage22.使(数量)增加23.描述......24.(仔细考虑后)决定，选定二、词性转换（构词法梳理）1.转化法构词①.v.写博客→n.博客，网络日志。②.n.官员，高级职员→adj.正式的，官方的，公务上的。2.派生词构词①.constructv.建造，建筑→n.建造，建筑。②.satisfyv.使满意→adj.令人高兴的，令人满意的→n.满意③convenientadj.方便的，便利的→n.方便，便利→adj.不方便的④identityn.身份，特征→v.确定，发现⑤originn.起源，起因→adj.原来的→adv.原先，最初⑥rankv.确定......的地位/等级→n.排行，排名⑦constructv.建造，建筑→v.重建，再建⑧saltn.盐，食盐→adj.含盐的，咸的三、重难点知识及练习1.belongto属于，是......的成员belongto既不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态；可用belongto的现在分词形式作后置定语。【拓展】belongingn.①[U]归属感：asenseofbelonging归属感；②[pl.]所有物，财物：personalbelongings个人财物。练习：1.It’swell-knownthatlionsandtigersbelongthecatfamily.2.Putyournameonyourcoatsowecanseewhoit(belong)to.3.Theoldhouse(belong)tomygrandfatherwasstillingoodcondition.4.Ijustescapedfromthefloodandallmy(belong)weresweptaway.5.ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture(属于)thewell-educated.6.It’simportantto(有归属感).2.endup(尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于，到头来①endupdoingsth.以做某事而告终；②endupwith以......结束(后接表具体事物的名词)；③endupin以......结束(后接表抽象概念的名词或地点名词)；④endupas最终成为......(后接表职位或身份的名词)。【拓展】end相关搭配：①endin以......结束/告终；②bringsth.toanend使某事结束；③intheend最后，终于；④put/bringanendtosth.结束某事；⑤cometoanend结束。练习：1.Hecameroundforacoffeeandweendedup(have)amealtogether.2.HestartedouttostudyFrench,butendedupanEnglishtranslator.3.Hisexperienceendedupfailurebuthedidn’tloseheart.4.Atfirsttheydislikedeachother,butthey(最终结婚)aftergoingthroughalottogether.5.Howtimeflies!Thetermis(结束).3.catchup(1)打听(不在时所发生的事情)，别后叙谈；(2)追上，赶上(某人)；(3)赶上，达到(某水平)。①catchuponsth.打听(不在时所发生的事情)；②catchupwithsb.赶上某人，达到某人的水平；练习：1.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardtocatch.2.Wemeetregularlyandcatchupourpastexperience.3.WhenIgothome,IphonedJoeto(打听)allthegossip.4.Addictedtocomputergames,hecan’t(赶上)hisclassmates.4.bringup养育，抚养，提起(某个话题)，呕吐bebroughtuptodosth.从小被教导要做某事；练习：Bornintoafamilywiththreebrothers,Davidwasbroughtup(value)thesenseofsharing.2.Shewascryingsomuch.Ithoughtshe’dbringherbreakfast.3.Hercarelessnessbroughttheterrifyingaccident.4.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhe(由......抚养长大)byhismother.5.Animportanttopic(被提出)atthemeeting.5.construction&construct&constructive(1)constructionn.[U]建造，建筑；[C]建筑物①theconstructionindustry建筑业；②underconstruction在建造中。(2)constructv.建造，建筑(3)constructiveadj.建设性的，积极的练习：1.Youngpeopleshouldmakeacontributiontothe(construct)oftheirmotherland.2.Shecriticizedmywriting,butinawaythatwasvery(construct)--Ilearnedalotfromher.3.Thehoteliscurrently(在建造中).4.Thepossibilityofemployingmoreworkersisstill(在讨论中).6.satisfying&satisfy&satisfied&satisfaction(1)satisfyingadj.令人高兴的，令人满意的It’ssatisfyingtodosth.做某事今人满意。(2)satisfyv.使满意(3)satisfiedadj满意的，满足的besatisfiedwith对......感到满意(4)satisfactionn.满意，满足①withsatisfaction满意地；②toone’ssatisfaction使某人满意的是.练习：1.Theyoungboygavea(satisfy)answertohisteacher.2.Itisverysatisfying(know)thattheprojectwasasuccess.3.Fromhis(satisfy)voiceonthephone,Iknoweverythingisgoingwell.4.Havingridthecompanyoftheheavydebts,themanagersmiledwith(satisfy).5.(对......感到满意的)hisstudents’achievements,theprofessorreferredtothemseveraltimesintheinterview.6.(令她感到满意的是),hersonmadegreatprogress.

7.双重否定结构(1)否定词no/not/never等+without...；(2)否定词no/not等+表否定意义的形容词；(3)否定词no/not/never/nobody/few等+具有否定意义的动词(短语)。练习：1.没有问过医生，就不要吃安眠药。takeanysleepingpillsaskingyourdoctor.2.心之所愿，无事不成。forawillingheart.3.他们每次见面比吵架。Theyquarreling.4.没有你们的帮助，我们就不能成功。We.8.convenient&conveniently&inconvenient&convenience&inconvenience(1)convenientadj.方便的，便利的①beconvenientforsb.对某人来说是方便的；②Itisconvenient(forsb.)todosth.(对某人来说)做某事是方便的。【注意】convenient不能用人作主语，可用事物作主语或用it作形式主语。(2)convenientlyadv.便利地(3)inconvenientadj.不方便的(4)conveniencen.方便，便利①forconvenience为了方便起见；②forone’sconvenience为了方便某人;③atone’sconvenience在某人方便时。(5)inconveniencen.不便，麻烦练习：1.ThemeetingisscheduledforThursdaywhenitisconvenienteveryone.2.Itisconvenientforyou(take)aplanebecausethere’saregularbustotheairport.3.TherearecountlessarticlestellingushowtheInternethasmadeourlives(convenient)thanbefore.4.Mostofuslikethe(convenient)ofusingcreditcardstobuynecessities.5.Thesemealscanbepreparedinadvance,andservedyourconvenience.6.(如果你方便的话),IwillvisityounextTuesday.7.Wehav