Unit1PeopleofAchievementDiscoverusefulstructures课件-高中英语人教版选择性

LearningaboutlanguageUnit1TheRestrictiveandNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性和非限制性定语从句Review：abeautiful

girl在这里，beautiful是一个形容词，形容词来修饰名词、代词，做定语。当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的作用类似于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名词位置在前面，定语从句在后面，此时名词称为先行词.定语？当定语是一个句子时，我们称它为定语从句，定语从句的作用类似于形容词的作用，用来修饰名词、代词，但是名词位置在前面，定语从句在后面，此时名词称为先行词，定语从句？Thebeautiful

girl

(whohasredhair)isLucy.先行词

定语从句ThemanwhoisridingahorseisTangMonk.先行词关系词定语从句who关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhowhomwhoseaswherewhenwhy关系词的作用：①引导作用(引导定语从句)②替代作用(替代先行词)③在定语从句中担当成分先行词在从句中所作成分关系代词人主宾定物主宾定先行词在从句中所作成分关系副词时间名词时间状语地点名词地点状语reason原因状语who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose(=ofwhom)that/whichthat/which/省略whose(=ofwhich)whywhenwhere=介词+which判断句子是否为定语从句划出先行词将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词关系词的确定1.Thatistheboy______motherisafamousmusician.3.Thehouse__________theybuiltin1987stayedupintheearthquake.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople________losttheirhomesinthe1906earthquake.that/who(which/that)whose4.I’llneverforgettheday_____(=___which)Iwasborn.5.Ivisitedthehouse_____(=__which)LuXunoncelived.6.Thereason_____(=___which)hegotworriedwasthis.when

onwhereinwhyfor区分that和which1.Theterribletyphoonkilledthepeopleandcattle_______wereinthefields.2.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree______isinfrontofourschoolgate.3.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.4.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.5.Thereisnothingintheworld____canfrightenme.6.Whoistheman_______isreadingunderthetreethatthatthatthatthatthat只能用that，不能用which的情况①

先行词既有人，又有物时。②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。③先行词有theonly，thevery，thejust,theright等修饰时，只用that。④

不定代词，如something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little

,none等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。⑤当主句是以who或which

开头的特殊疑问句时，用that以避免重复。区分that和which只用which而不用that的情况①非限制性定语从句只用which而不能用that。Hewroteabook___________isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

限制性定语从句Hewroteabook,______isonhowtolearnEnglishwell.

非限制性定语从句②在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that。Thisistheplacein______LuXunusedtolive.which/thatwhichwhichNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause指人指物在非限制性定语从句中的作用whowhomwhichasWhose=ofwhich/whom√主语 √宾语(不可省略)指代整个主句√主语 宾语(不可省略)√√定语3.非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法归纳3：①that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句②关系代词who在非限制性定语从句中只能做主语，不能替代whom做宾语。1.关系代词------非限制性定语从句主语、宾语、表语2.关系副词-----非限制性定语从句(1)

关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指

代主句中表示________的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,

指代

主句中表示________的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词十which”。(4)不能用why引导非限制性定语从句,要用___________

代替。时间地点forwhich2.2如何确定关系代词前的介词？1.与先行词的搭配关系1)Iwillneverforgettheday____whichI

joinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgettheyear___whichmyson

wenttocollege.3)

Iwillneverforgettheschool______whichIstudied.4)Hecametoafarm,_____whichhefinallysettled(安顿).onininon关系副词2.与从句中谓语动词、形容词的搭配的固定搭配1)Haveyoufoundthebook_____whichIpaid$29Haveyoufoundthebook______whichIspent$29Doyouknowtheman_____whomsheoftentalksTheWestLake,_____whichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.foronaboutfor1)Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.

空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。

2)Thisistheman_______whommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.

这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith3.根据句子的意思来确定关系副词3.关系代词和关系副词的区别1.I’llneverforgetthedays______weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace______Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace______________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason__________________hegave.

when(which)where(which/that)why(which/that)要看先行词是人还是物要看先行词在从句中所担任的成分先行词不会在从句中出现，包括其指代当先行词在从句中做宾语时，关系词可以省略关系词的确定【语境应用】完成句子。1)Theforeignguests,________(who/that)werescientists,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.2)Myfatherboughtmeseveralbooks,noneof________(which/that)Iliketoread.3)Isthereanyoneinyourclass________(which/whose)familyisinthecity4)Football,________(which/that)isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.whowhichwhosewhich5)ThestudentswenttothehospitaltoseeMissZhang,________(that/whom/who)theyrespectgreatly.6)TheywenttotheRoyalTheatre,________(which/where)theysawthegreatshow.7)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________(which/that)wasmorethanIhadexpected.8)Thereare50studentsinourclass,halfof________(whom

/who)aregirls.whomwherewhich

whomAs

everyoneknows,Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Sheisagreathero,asisdescribedinthereport.Heinvitedmetodinner,whichmademeveryhappy.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.归纳3：as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。(3)as引导的定语从句有“__________的意思，而which指“_________”句首、句中、句后句首，只能放在句中、句后3.非限制性定从句中关系词as和which的区别正如…….这…….3.Differencebetween“as”and“which”inasentence.项目aswhich指代引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分位置引导从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导从句只能位于主句之后意义正如；正像这一点；这件事功能连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

2.Heforgottobringhispenwithhimyesterday,asweexpected.3.Hesaidthathehadneverseenhimbefore,whichwasobviouslynottrue.4.Hechangedhismind,whichmademequiteangry.as引导非限制性定语从句，译为“

”。常置于

，也可置于句中。正如，就像句首which引导非限制性定语从句，常指代前面整个句子，只能放在先行词

翻译成

。这翻译句子比较as/which引导非限制性定语从句的用法正如每个人都知道的，中国是最大的发展中国家。他昨天忘带笔了，正如我们预料的那样。他说他以前没有见过他，这明显不是真的他改变了主意，这让我很生气。后

as常见搭配

asisknowntoall；

asyouknowasisexpectedasweexpectedashasbeenmentionedaboveasisreported/saidasafamoussayinggoesasispointedoutasyoucansee=ascanbeseenasisoftenthecase众所周知正如你所知道的那样正如所预料的那样正如我们所期待的正如上面所提到的正如报道/所说的那样正如一句谚语所说/俗话说正如指出的正如你所看见的

情况通常如此定语从句就其与先行词的关系可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。non-restrictiverelativeclauses一、形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系密切，其间通常不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词关系不密切，常用逗号隔开。如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.如：Shehatespeoplewholikesmoking.MyhometownisBeijing,

whichisthecapitalofChina.非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，去掉之后，意思明确，与主句通常用

“，”隔开，把非限制性定语从句放在句子中，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉之后，主句意思不明确。先行词不唯一，缩小范围，限定。先行词唯一，没必要限定，为附加说明。二、作用不同三、先行词不同限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是名词或代词,也可以是主句的一部分或整个主句。如：Ihaveadog,whichisblack.

（先行词为dog）Chineseisveryimportant,whichmeansyouhavetolearnitwell.（先行词为整个主句）限制性定从关代:that,which,who,whom,as关副:when,where,why=介词+which关形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhom________________________非限制性定从关代:that,which,who,whom,as关副:when,where,why

=介词+which关形:whose=ofwhich,ofwhomforwhich四、关系词不同限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上意义上作用上翻译上关系词无逗号有逗号去掉从句，主句意思不完整不明确去掉从句，主句意思仍然完整清楚修饰限定只修饰一个名词或代词补充说明可修饰一个词，也可修饰整个句子译为“……的”常译成与主句并列的句子作宾语时可省略关系词一般不可省略不能用that,why引导ThedifferencesSummary三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项1.that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

在非限制性定语从句中,用who,whom指代人,用which指代物。ShewasveryfondofspeakingFrench,whichindeedshespokewell.Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.2.非限制性定语从句表原因时,不能用why引导,而用forwhich代替why。三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项TheywenttoLondon,wheretheylivedforsixmonths.3.当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。4.当先行词是唯一亲属,使用非限制性定语从句。ProfessorWanghasason,whoworksin

Beijing.三、使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项5.

当先行词指代整个主句内容时,使用非限制性定语从句。Hesaidthathehadneverseenherbefore,whichwasnottrue.6.most/each/few/some/any/none/both/all/neither/分数/百分数/数字+

of

+

which/whomLater,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.non-restrictiveattributiveclause小试牛刀篇小试牛刀non-restrictiveattributiveclauseUnderlinetheattributiveclausesandnamethetwotypesofclauses1.TheytestedhundredsofChinesemedicaltreatmentsthatshowedpromiseinthefightagainstthedisease.2.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,whichisconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.3.TuYouyouwenttoHainan,wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.4.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.RestrictiveAttributiveClauseNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause1234Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclause.Howdothesentencesflowdifferently1Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whosecircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei—afamousChineseAmericanarchitect,whowasborninGuangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Ineachcase,therearetwoshortsentenceswhichsoundseparatetoeachother.Bycombiningthetwosimplesentencestogetherusingnon-restrictiverelative

clause,thesentencebecomesmorevariedandhasbetterflow.ConclusionWorkingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclausetogiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmember.EXAMPLEI’dliketotry…,…I’dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2Whatimpressedmemost…,…3Myfavouritescientistis…,…IwouldliketotravelaroundSichuanProvince,whereJiuzhaigoulocates.Whatimpressedmemostaboutthefilmwastheending,whichwasquitemoving.MyfavouritescientistisNikolaTesla,whowasquitebrilliantbutalsohadsomecrazyideas.4Finallywearrivedat…,…5Mygrandparentslike…,…6Iwishtoobtain…,…7Mybestfriend…,…Finallywearrivedatthezoo,whichwasclosedforrepairs.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whichisgoodfortheirhealth.Iwishtoobtainadrivinglicence,whichisnecessaryifyouwanttodriveacar.Mybestfriendcametovisitlastweek,whichwasthefirsttimeIhadseenhiminyears.1.(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_____________givesofflightinthedark.2.(2019·北京卷·语法填空)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.3.(2018·全国I)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.4.(2018·全国II)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram___________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.高考链接that/whichwhothat/whichwhich/that5.(2015·江苏,21)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.

6.(2015·湖南,29)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.

7.(2015·浙江,19)Creatinganatmospherein________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.

8.(2015·四川,3)Thebooksonthedesk,________coversareshiny,areprizesforus.

aswhichwhosewhich1.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,______ishowwe

arrived.2.____hewritesinhisnewbook,ALongWayHome,Brierleycouldn’thelpbutwonderabouthishometownbackinIndia.3.IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,_________myclassmatesrecommendtome.4.Thenumberofsmokers,_______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.5.Untilnow,wehaveraised5000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.6.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.whichAswhichaswhich

that和why不可引导非限制性定语从句。forwhich

Task17.Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,mostof

arebeyondourcontrol.8.TheScienceMuseum,

wevisitedduringarece