2024年1月浙江首考高考英语完形填空试题讲评课件

2024.1浙江首考完形填空简析

目录Part1试题、考点分析Part2解题策略Part3备考建议

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote С.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engagePart1试题、考点分析【试题分析】

本文是一篇描述一段不寻常火车之旅的记叙文，属于“人与社会”主题语境下的“跨文化沟通”主题群，也涉及“人与自我”主题语境下的“生活与学习”主题群

【What】故事讲述了作者在旅途过程中与中国本地的一名基建工人交流的际遇与收获。文章共包括三个自然段，第一段交代了故事背景和文章主题。第二段交代了两人交流的具体细节。第三段为评议部分，分享了作者在这次不寻常的火车之旅中得到的启示。【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。同时，文章对中国基建工人塑造的艰难谋生仍不忘学习、追求诗与远方的正面形象也传达了对中华民族、文化的认同和尊崇，有利引导青少年铸牢文化自信底色。【How】文章241词，短小精悍，结构清晰，篇章模式符合拉波夫模式，第一人称的叙事视角有助读者代入角色，跟随主人公一起享受美妙的火车际遇。【考点分析】

本题主要考查学生在具体的语境中运用词汇知识的能力，考查学生是否能在掌握、理解文章主旨大意和段间、句内及句间联系的基础上，准确判断和选择符合特定上下文语义和用法的动词、名词、形容词、副词及词组等。

考点词性分布考点词性设题数试题编号动词（动词短语）642，45,46,48,50,51名词341,44,49形容词343,47,52副词0语言能力

认知能力试题编号句子语义逻辑理解、分析、应用46,49语段逻辑42,43,44,45,50语篇逻辑41,47,48,51,52,53,54,55考点类型分布Part2解题策略Tip1:重视首句传递的信息文章体裁人物身份全文主旨下文内容作者态度Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.记叙文（5w1h）作者在旅途中与中国当地基建工人的进行了一次对话，从中颇为受教。对话详情？有何收获？positive:“humbling,educational,wonderful，...longfor从作者选词、措辞把握作者态度I(aforeigntraveler)、ayoungChineseworker

主题语境由主题和语境两个概念合成。主题一般是语篇背后的一种思想、情感或价值观念，是作者想要表达的东西，也可以理解为篇章的主旨或立意。（by王彦鹏）

语境则是指语言交际的环境，一般分为语言语境（篇章内部的环境或是上下文）、情景语境（篇章发生时周围的情况、事件性质、参与者的关系、时间、地点、方式等）、文化语境（说话者或者作者所在的语言社团的历史、文化和风俗人情）。（by胡壮麟）思考：篇章的主旨是什么？（作者想要通过文章表达什么？）在该语境中，作者会选用什么措辞来表达自己的情感和思想？Tip2:速读全文，基于主题语境解题

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.

……Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.【Why】读者可以从故事中体会“三人行，必有我师”的道理（51空：如果不是遇到这位工人师傅，我可能仍会依赖定势思维评判事物；55空：三人行有我师）。故事中的主人公之一基建工人是中国普通劳动者的缩影，启示了（53空：建筑工人展现的品质让我受启发）青少年只要在日常生活中怀有谦卑之心，保持开放心态，那么在与各行各业的普通人交流中都能得到学习。Tip2:速读全文，基于主题语境解题47，结合主题，应选表达作者积极态度的词54，结合情景语境，应用表达旅途的词Tip3:宏观分析篇章,把握故事情节、变化

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.点题：我与一个所有旅行者都渴望的当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的、美妙的相遇。指向：新朋友几乎不会说英语，于是我趁机练习中文，为下午与该中国工人进行对话铺垫进展：从对话中了解中国工人直面生活的惨淡仍热爱生活、追求学习的故事评议：作者对中国工人积极的看法与态度回应：回应主题，从别人的故事回到对自己的启发变化的是流逝的光阴，不变的是坚韧、好学的优秀品质Tip4:微观分析篇章模式，

关注衔接、连贯、语境完形填空篇章分析（微观结构）衔接语法衔接词汇衔接逻辑联系语连贯语境完形填空篇章分析（微观结构）完形填空篇章微观结构分析之衔接

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.1利用语法衔接（照应）助力解题“the44”指示照应对方不会说英语“My43”人称照应上文提到的一个年请的中国小伙走向“我”；mynewfriend照应了上文的“ayoungChineseman”完形填空篇章微观结构分析之词汇衔接完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）复现关系：某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词重复出现在语篇中,语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。原词复现eg.Thetwomanatthecounterreadthemenu.FromtheotherendofcounterBenwatchedthem.同义词、近义词复现eg.Hegotmany

presentsfromhisfriends.

Allthegiftswerewrappedincoloredpaper.上下义复现

上义词指的是那些表示意义较概括的词,它们的词义包括了下义词的词义。例如,animal是sheep,tiger,wolf,dog等的上义词,sheep,tiger等词则是animal的下义词。eg.Youwillneedtotakesometoolswithyou.Youcan

getahammer,asawandascrewdriverfrommost

bigdepartmentstores.完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）概括词复现

概括词指的是那些表示一般意义的词。例如,people,man,woman,thing,place,do,make等都是概括词。概括词与其所指的词构成的衔接是通过概括词复现关系。eg.CanyoutellmewheretostayinGeneva?I'veneverbeentotheplace.后一句中的概括词place和前面的Geneva构成相互衔接关系。完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:复现关系）完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）同现关系：同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(co-occurrencetendency)。在语篇中,围绕着一定的话题,一定的词就往往会同时出现,而其他一些词就不大可能会出现或根本不会出现，其中，词汇链值得引起关注。在语言实践中，人们发现有些在意义上相互联系的词语常常同时出现在同一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链(lexicalchain)，因而，当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语时，便会联想到词汇套中的另一些词。如，听(读)到“邮局”时，人们通常会联想到“寄信”、“汇款”、“打电报所以，当一个词汇套的词语出现在一个语篇·中时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连句成篇的左右。完形填空篇章分析（微观结构分析之词汇衔接:同现关系）Janeisagoodteather,butsheisabadwife.

(反义同现)Discriminationisundoubtedlypractisedagainstwomeninthefieldofscientificresearch.Wedon'tfindmencomplainingthattheyarenotbeinginterviewedforpositionsthattheyareclearlyqualifiedtofill.（互补同现:两句之间的衔接主要是依靠互补词men和women的对照。）Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinue

theireducationinoneofthemanycollegesoruniverstiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceiveabachelor'sdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamaster'sdegreeandperhapsadoctor's

degree.（高中毕业后教育的词汇链）

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeyehewould___48___atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican___49___asawhole.“AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I___50___himaskingatonepoint.

Itwouldhavebeeneasyto___51___myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,___52___,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he___53___mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom___54___withanopenmind,andawillingnessto___55___withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.Tip4.2利用词汇衔接（复现、同现）助力解题“46”词汇复现48词汇同现，文章的关键词为“交谈”，此处应与词汇链“口头说”有关49词汇复现，下文的authors与其相关，年轻小伙与作者探讨了美国作家，又探讨了俄国作家“52”词汇复现，上文的studying为近义复现54词汇复现完形填空篇章微观结构分析之逻辑联系语

Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinthenorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful___41___withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman___42___meonthetrain.My___43___friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe___44___topracticemyChinese.

Overseveralhourshewouldtellmeabouthowhehad___45___atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob___46___highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsmost___47___,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayaf