土木工程专业英语课件U

CivilEngineeringProfessionalEnglishCourseware延时符Contents目录OverviewofCivilEngineeringFundamentalsofCivilEngineeringApplicationofCivilEngineeringPracticeInternationalCivilEngineeringStandardsandSpecificationsProfessionalEnglishVocabularyandExpression延时符01OverviewofCivilEngineeringSummarywordsDefinitionandclassificationDetaileddescriptionCivilengineeringisthebranchofengineeringthatdealswiththedesign,construction,andmaintenanceofthephysicalandnaturalinfrastructureofacountryorregionItencompassedawiderangeofsubdisciplines,includingenvironmentalengineering,transportationengineering,waterresourcesengineering,structuralengineering,andgeotechnicalengineeringDefinitionandclassificationSummary:HistoryandDevelopmentDetaileddescription:Civilengineeringhasitsrootsinambienttimes,withthebuildingofroads,bridges,dams,andotherinfrastructureHowever,itwasnotuntiltheIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thand19thcentersthatcivilengineeringreallybecametotakeoff.AdvancementsintechnologyandsciencehaveallowedcivilengineerstodesignandconstructmorecomplexandinformativestructuresHistoryandDevelopmentCareerprospectsSummary:CareerprospectsDetaileddescription:CivilengineeringisahighlyrewardingcareerchoiceWiththeincreasingneedforinfrastructuredevelopmentworldwide,thereisagrowingdemandforcivilengineersTheycanfindemploymentingovernmentagencies,privateconsultingfirms,constructioncompanies,andresearchorganizationsAdditionally,civilengineerscanalsopursuefurthereducationandspecializationinareassuchasenvironmentalengineering,transportationengineering,orwaterresourcesengineering延时符02FundamentalsofCivilEngineeringHighlydurablematerialusedintheconstructionofbridges,dams,andotherstructuresItisstrong,waterresistant,andcanstandcompressionforceswellLightweightandstrongmaterialusedintheconstructionofSkyscrapers,bridges,andotherlargestructuresItisalsocorrosionresistantandcanbeeasilyshapedintodifferentformsNaturalmaterialusedintheconstructionofhouses,smallbridges,andotherlightstructuresItisstrong,lightweight,andeasytoworkwithHowever,itisnotasdurableasconcreteorsteelConcreteSteelWoodBuildingMaterials要点三BeamAlonghorizontalstructuralmemberthatresistsbindingforcesItistypicallyusedtosupportloadsoverspans要点一要点二ColumnAverticalstructuralmemberthatresistscompressionforcesItistypicallyusedtosupportloadsfromaboveTrussAstructuremadeupofbeamsandcolumnsthatisdesignedtoresistbothbendingandcompressionforcesItiscommonlyusedintheconstructionofbridgesandroofs要点三StructuralDesignFoundationTheundergroundstructurethatsupportstheweightofabuildingandtransfersittothegroundItistypicallymadeofconcreteandreinforcedwithsteelreinforcingbarsPierAverticalstructurethatsupportstheweightofabuildingandtransfersittothegroundItistypicallymadeofconcreteormasonryandcanbeeitherfreestandingorsupportedbypipelinesPingLongverticalmembersdrivenintothegroundtosupportafoundationTheyaretypicallymadeofsteel,concrete,orwoodandareusedinareaswithsoftgroundorunstablesoilsFoundationandFoundation010203CastinplaceconcreteConcretethatismixedattheconstructionsiteandpooledintoformstocreatestructuralelementssuchasbeams,columns,andfoundationsPressingconcreteConcretethatisreinforcedwithsteeltendonsthataretensionedbeforetheconcreteispooled,providingadditionalstrengthtothestructureReinforcedconcreteConcretethatisreinforcedwithsteelreinforcingbarstoprovideadditionalstrengthandstiffnesstothestructureItiscommonlyusedintheconstructionoffloors,walls,andfoundationsConstructionMethods延时符03ApplicationofCivilEngineeringPracticeRoadandbridgeconstruction01Thisincludesthedesign,construction,andmaintenanceofroads,highways,andbridgesusingvariousmaterialsandtechnologiesRailwayengineering02Thisinvolvesthedesign,construction,andmaintenanceofrailwaysystems,includingtracks,stations,androllingstockAirports03Thedesign,construction,andoperationofairportsinvolvecomplexengineeringchallengesrelatedtorunways,taxiways,aprons,terminals,andmoreTransportationcivilengineeringCommercialbuildsDesigningandconstructingofficebuildings,shoppingcenters,hotels,andothercommercialfacilitiesIndustrialbuildingsDesigningandconstructingfactories,warehouses,andotherindustrialfacilitiesResidentialbuildingsDesigningandconstructingsinglefamilyhomes,apartmentbuildings,andotherresidentialstructuresBuildingconstructionWatertreatmentThedesignandconstructionofwatertreatmentfacilitiestopurifywaterfordrinking,industry,andotherusesDamsDesigningandconstructingdamsforthepurposeofstoringwater,generatinghydroelectricpower,orregulatingriverflowTranslationThedesignandconstructionofirrigationsystemstoprovidewatertoagriculturalfieldsWaterconservationprojectEnvironmentalengineeringThedesignandconstructionofairpollutioncontroldevicesandsystemstoreduceairpollutionemissionsfromvarioussourcesAirpollutioncontrolThedesignandconstructionoffacilitiestotreatwastewaterfromhomes,industry,andothersourcesWastewatertreatmentThedesignandconstructionoffacilitiesforthedisposalandrecyclingofsolidwasteSolidwastemanagement延时符04InternationalCivilEngineeringStandardsandSpecificationsInternationalOrganizationforStandardizationEstablishedin1947,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)isanon-governmentalorganizationthataimstodevelopandpublishinternationalstandardsforvariousindustries,includingcivilengineeringISOpublishedstandardsandspecificationsforcivilengineeringprojects,includingdesign,construction,materials,andtestingThesestandardsprovideacommonbasisforcivilengineerstoworktogetheracrossdifferentcountriesandculturesISO'scivilengineeringstandardsaredevelopedthroughaconsensusbasedprocess,involvingexpertsfromvariouscountriesandorganizationsThisensuresthatthestandardsreflectthelatesttechnologicaladvancementsandbestpracticesinthefieldISO'scivilengineeringstandardsarewidelyusedbygovernments,contractors,architects,andengineerstoensurethesafety,quality,anddurabilityofcivilengineeringprojectsTheAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE)isaprofessionalsocietythatrepresentscivilengineersintheUnitedStatesandinternationallyASCEpublishesvariousstandardsandspecificationsforcivilengineeringprojects,includingdesign,construction,materials,andtestingThesestandardsaredevelopedbyacommitteeofexpertsfromthefieldAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersASCE'sstandardsarewidelyusedbycivilengineersintheUnitedStatesandarerecognizedbymanygovernmentsandorganizationsworldwideASCEalsoprovideseducationandtrainingresourcesforcivilengineerstokeepthemuptodatewiththelatesttechnologiesandpracticesinthefieldAmericanSocietyofCivilEngineersTheBritishInstituteofStructuralEngineers(BIS)isaprofessionalsocietythatreportsstructuralengineersintheUnitedKingdomBISpublishesvariousstandardsandspecificationsforstructuralengineeringprojects,includingdesign,construction,materials,andtestingThesestandardsaredevelopedbyacommitteeofexpertsfromthefieldBritishInstituteofStructuralEngineersBIS'sstandardsarewidelyusedbystructuralengineersintheUnitedKingdomandarerecognizedbymanygovernmentsandorganizationsworldwideBISalsoprovideseducationandtrainingresourcesforstructuralengineerstokeepthemuptodatewiththelatesttechnologiesandpracticesinthefieldBritishInstituteofStructuralEngineers延时符05ProfessionalEnglishVocabularyandExpressionMasteringtheaccuratetranslationofprofessionalterminologyisoneofthecorerequirementsofcivilengineeringEnglish.SummaryStudentsneedtounderstandandmasterprofessionalterminologyinthefieldofcivilengineering,includingbutnotlimitedtostructuraldesign,buildingmaterials,constructionmethods,engineeringmanagement,etc.,andbeabletoaccuratelytranslate