2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案4必修1Unit4Earthquakes练习含解析新人教版

2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案4必修1Unit4Earthquakes练习含解析新人教版必修一Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·成都市高中毕业班三诊)“Likeamonster,itdestroyseverything.”That'showoneschoolgirldescribedatsunami(海啸)．OnDec.26,2004,amagnitude-9.1earthquakeinIndonesiasetoffamassivetsunami.Itkilledmorethan290,000peopleacrossadozencountriesandcostanestimated$10billionindamage.Nov.5isWorldTsunamiAwarenessDayandattheUnitedNations,disasterriskreductionwashighontheagenda.“WhatIcantellyouisthatthetsunamiwavecannotbestopped，”saidBulgariansU.N.AmbassadorGeorgiVelikovPanayotov.HewasonvacationinThailandin2004andsurvivedthetsunami.“Whatwecandoisbuildearlywarningsystemsand,ofcourse,educatethepopulationaboutthedamagingpowerofthetsunamiwave，”hesaid.OnMarch11,2011,amagnitude-9earthquakerockednortheasternJapantriggeringafiercetsunamithatalsodamagedtheFukushimaDaiichinuclearplant,southofSendai.“WhenthebigearthquakehitJapanin2011,peoplethoughtthatwewerepreparedforit，”saidJapan'sU.N.AmbassadorKoroBessho.“Itcausedseveredamage.Wehaddams;wehaddrills.However,wehadbeencountingonsomethingthathitsevery100yearsandtheearthquakewasofthesizeofpossiblyevery500yearsorthousandyears，”hesaid.Thesetwoeventssentthecountriesoftheregionintooverdrivetoreviewandimprovedisasterpreparedness.In2015theSendaiFrameworkforDisasterRiskReductionwasborn.Itaimstohelpcreateabetterunderstandingofdisasterriskandimprovepreparednessforaneffectiveresponse.Indonesiaismadeupofthousandsofislandswhicharedisaster-prone(灾害频发的).WillemRampangilei,headofIndonesiaNationalBoardforDisasterManagement,saidhisgovernmentnowhasplansforeverydisaster-pronecity.Countriesatriskarealsoexpandingtheireducationprograms.Childrenfromanearlyagearetaughthowtoreactincaseofatsunamiandthengowiththeirclassmatestohighergroundawayfromcoastalareastoavoidthewallsofwaterthetsunamitriggers.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进灾害防范准备工作以减少损害。1．WhatdoesGeorgiVelikovPanayotovmainlytalkabout？BA.Thegeneralfeaturesofatsunami.B．Waysforhumanstofaceatsunami.C．Hissufferinginthe2004tsunami.D．Thelosscausedbythe2004tsunami.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“GeorgiVelikovPanayotov”定位到第四段，根据GeorgiVelikovPanayotov所说的话“WhatIcantellyouisthatthetsunamiwavecannotbestopped”“Whatwecandoisbuildearlywarningsystemsand，ofcourse，educatethepopulationaboutthedamagingpowerofthetsunamiwave”可知，他主要谈论的是人类面对海啸的方式。故B项正确。2．InKoroBessho'sopinion,whydidthe2011earthquakecauseseveredamage？CA．Itcausedafiercetsunami.B．Itdestroyedanuclearplant.C．Thesizewasbeyondexpectation.D．Therewasnoeffectivedefensesystem.解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的“KoroBessho”定位到第六段，根据该段中的“Wehaddams；wehaddrills.However，wehadbeencountingonsomethingthathitsevery100yearsandtheearthquakewasofthesizeofpossiblyevery500yearsorthousandyears”可知，KoroBessho认为地震规模超出了预期，造成了严重破坏。故C项正确。3．Whatcommonbeliefpusheddifferentcountriestotakeactiontofaceacomingtsunami？BA．Childrenshouldbeprotectedbyallmeans.B．Theimprovementofpreparednesscanreducedamage.C．Properresponseincaseofatsunamicansaveone'slife.D.Strongermeasuresshouldbetakenindisaster-proneareas.解析：细节理解题。根据第七段第一句“Thesetwoeventssentthecountriesoftheregionintooverdrivetoreviewandimprovedisasterpreparedness.”可知，这些地区的国家都认为改进防灾准备工作可以减少损害。故B项正确。4．Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext？DA．WorldTsunamiAwarenessDayB．NationsAttackedbyaMassiveTsunamiC．TheUnpredictableandDestructiveDisasterD．LearnfromDisasterstoPreventFutureOnes解析：标题判断题。本文主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进防灾准备工作以减少损害。故D项“从灾难中学习以预防未来的灾难”最适合作本文标题。B(2023·郑州市高中毕业年级第三次质检)FiressweepingacrosstheAmazonrainforestareahottopicasscientistsandenvironmentalgroupsareworriedthattheywillworsenclimatechangecrisisandendangerbiodiversity(生物多样性)．Asthelargestrainforestintheworld,theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled“thelungsoftheworld”.Itisalsohometoaboutthreemillionspeciesofplantsandanimals,andonemillionlocalpeople.Thevastareaoftherainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystembecauseitabsorbsheatinsteadofreflectingheatbackintotheatmosphere.Italsostorescarbondioxideandproducesoxygen,ensuringthatlesscarbondioxideisreleased,reducingtheeffectsofclimatechange.“Anyforestdestroyedisadangertobiodiversityandthepeoplewhousethatbiodiversity，”ThomasLovejoy,anecologistatGeorgeMasonUniversitytoldNationalGeographic.“Thegreatdangeristhatalotofcarbondioxidegoesintotheatmosphere，”hestressed.“Inthemidstoftheglobalclimatecrisis,wecannotaffordmoredamagetoamajorsourceofoxygenandbiodiversity.TheAmazonrainforestmustbeprotected，”UNSecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterressaid.DatafromtheNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)showthatthenumberofforestfiresinBrazilquicklyincreasedby82percentfromJanuarytoAugustayearago.Atotalof71,497forestfireswereregisteredinthecountryinthefirsteightmonthsof2019,upfrom39,194inthesameperiodin2018,INPEsaid.“WeestimatethattheforestareasintheBrazilianAmazonrainforesthavedecreasedbybetween20and30percentcomparedtothelast12months，”CarlosNobre,aresearcherattheUniversityofSaoPaulo,toldGermanbroadcasterDeutscheWelle.Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest,whosedegradation(恶化)couldhavesevereconsequencesforglobalclimateandrainfall.Theextentofthearearuinedbyfireshasyettobedetermined,buttheemergencyhasgonebeyondBrazil'sborders.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马逊雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，危及生物多样性。而在2019年，位于巴西的部分亚马逊雨林火灾数量显著增加。5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？AA．ThegreatroleoftheAmazonrainforest.B．Theeffectsofconsistentclimatechange.C．Thecausesofthedecreasingbiodiversity.D．TheresultsoftheAmazonrainforestfires.解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Asthelargestrainforestintheworld，theAmazonrainforestisoftencalled‘thelungsoftheworld’．Itisalsohometoaboutthreemillionspeciesofplantsandanimals，andonemillionlocalpeople.Thevastareaoftherainforestplaysanimportantroleintheworld'secosystem”可以判断，第二段主要讲述的是亚马逊雨林的重要作用。故A项正确。6．Whydoestheauthormentionthefiguresinthefourthparagraph？DA.Toexplaintheprocessoftheresearch.B．Topresentthebadinfluenceofforestfires.C．Toprovethegreatimportanceoftherainforest.D．Toshowtheurgencyofprotectingtherainforest.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的数据可知，亚马逊雨林地区森林火灾数量激增，而森林面积则在减少，故D项“为了说明保护亚马逊雨林的迫切性”。正确。7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthepassage？CA．Thedryweatherleadstotherainforestfires.B．Thebiodiversitymakestherainforestunique.C．Therainforestfiresresultinseriousconsequences.D．Theglobalclimatecrisisbringsmorerainforestfires.解析：写作意图题。根据对全文的整体理解，尤其是对最后一段“Brazilownsabout60percentoftheAmazonrainforest...beyondBrazil'sborders.”的理解可推知，作者写这篇文章主要是为了告诉大家亚马逊雨林火灾造成了严重的后果。故选C。8．Whichsectionofamagazinemightthispassageprobablybetakenfrom？BA．Climateandlife.B．Natureandgeography.C．Humankindandsociety.D．Scienceandtechnology.解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了席卷亚马逊雨林地区的火灾可能会对全球气候和生物多样性造成伤害，引发严重的环境危机。据此可以判断，这样的文章一般会出现在杂志的“自然与地理”栏目。所以B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2023·广州市一模)TropicalCyclonesHaveyoueverseenaTVweatherpersonpointingtoalarge,whitespiralofstormcloudsspinningovertheEarthonthevideoscreen?Ifso,thenyou'vegottenasmalllookatwhatthemostpowerfulstormintheworldlookslike—atropicalcyclone(热带气旋)．1.FThewarmairattheequator(赤道)risesintotheatmosphere,coolsoff,andthensinksbackdown.Asthiscyclerepeatsitselfoverandoveragain,thestormbeginstogrowandthewindsaroundthestormbegintomovefaster.Dependingonwhereatropicalcycloneisintheworld,itiscalledeitherahurricane,atyphoon,oracyclone.IftropicalcyclonesmoveoverthenorthwesternPacificOcean,they'recalledtyphoons.2.GIntheSouthPacificortheIndianOcean,they'recalledcyclones.Thecenterofatropicalcycloneiscalledthe“eye”.3.DMostofthestrongwindsdonotreachtheeyeofthestorm,soitisthecalmestpart.4.BAtropicalcyclonethatisratedaCategory1istheweakest;itisstilldangerous,butthewindsarenotashigh.ACategory5tropicalcycloneisthestrongest;thistypeofstormcancausecatastrophicdamage.Oncethesetropicalcyclonescomeontoland,theynolongerhavethewarmoceanwatertheyneedtogrowlargerandconsequentlybecomeweaker.Thisdoesn'tstopthemfromcausingalotofdamagebeforetheygoaway.5.AA．Theystillmayproducestrongrainandeventornadoes.B．Tropicalcyclonesarecategorisedbasedontheirstrength.C．Theywithdrawasquicklyastheyarriveandleavethelanduntouched.D．Therestofthestormmovesinacirclearoundtheeyeatincrediblyhighspeed.E.Tropicalstormswithwindspeedsthatreach74milesperhourarecalledhurricanes.F.Tropicalcyclonesstartastropicalstormsthatforminwarmoceanwatersneartheequator.G.SuchstormsmovingoverthenortheasternPacificortheAtlanticOceanaretermedhurricanes.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了热带气旋的形成、名称、级别等相关内容。1．根据空后内容可知，本段介绍热带气旋是如何形成的，且F项中的“neartheequator”与空后一句中的“Thewarmairattheequator(赤道)”形成呼应。所以选F项。2．根据段首句可知，本段主要介绍产生于不同地区的热带气旋有不同的名称，又结合空前一句中的“they'recalledtyphoons”和空后一句中的“they'recalledcyclones”可知，空处应是介绍在什么地区产生的热带气旋称作飓风。所以选G项。3．根据语境可知，D项中的“aroundtheeye”与空前一句“Thecenterofatropicalcycloneiscalledthe‘eye’”呼应，此处应是介绍风眼周围的状况。所以选D项。4．本空是段首句。根据本段的关键词“Category”可推知，本段主要介绍热带气旋的级别。故B项符合题意。5．根据空前一句“Thisdoesn'tstopthemfromcausingalotofdamagebeforetheygoaway”可知，已经减弱的热带气旋仍然会有很大的破坏性，空处应是进一步介绍热气旋带来的影响。故A项“它们仍然可能产生强降雨甚至龙卷风。”符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·四川省成都七中段测)Ecotourismisanewtermintoday'stourismindustry.Itis1.typically(typical)consideredasanecologicallysustainabletourismwithaprimaryfocusonvisitingfragileandrelatively2.undisturbed(disturb)naturalareas,especiallytheoneswherespecialandunusualplants,animalsandculturalheritagesarethemainattractions.3.Ittakesecologyandcultureintoconsideration.Therefore,programs4.concerning(concern)theprotectionofsomenaturalandculturalspotsalsoformapartofecotourism.Ecotourismisdevelopingatan5.increasing(increase)speed.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheWorldTourismOrganization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyed6.anannualgrowthofabout5%worldwide.Sofar,morethan80activities7.havebeenlisted(list)forecotourismandtheyincludebirdwatching,hiking,diving,photographyandtakingpartin8.varieties(vary)oflocalculturalevents.Bigcitiesarestillthemajorplaces9.that/whichattracttouristsinoursocietytoday.However,itseemssomesmallertownsandcountryareasmaywellbecomethenewdestinationsforpeople10.tovisit(visit)tomorrowbecausetheyarerichinecological,culturalandhistoricalresources.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了最近很流行的一种新型旅游方式：生态旅游。具体说明了这种旅游的特点及发展情况。1．考查副词。在英语中副词通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，形容词通常作定语(修饰名词)或作表语。本句中使用副词充当状语修饰谓语动词。所以要填typically。2．考查形容词。句意：生态旅游通常被认为是一种从生态学来看可以持续的旅游业，主要关注参观脆弱的和相对未被打扰的自然地区。形容词undisturbed意为“未被打扰的”与natural一致。所以要填undisturbed。3．考查代词。句意：它考虑到生态和文化。句中代词it指代上文出现的同一名词ecotourism，故本句中要填It。4．考查介词。因此，关于保护自然和文化地点的项目也形成了生态旅游的一部分。介词concerning意为“关于”，句中介词短语concerningtheprotectionofsomenaturalandculturalspots充当定语修饰名词programs。所以要填介词concerning。5．考查形容词。句意：生态旅游正以越来越快的速度发展。句中increasing意为“不断增加的，越来越……的”，充当定语修饰名词speed。所以本句中要填increasing。6．考查冠词。句意：根据世界旅游协会，最近几年生态旅游每年增加了百分之五。句中不定冠词an修饰名词短语annualgrowth表示泛指，而定冠词the表示特指。所以要填an。7．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，超过80项活动被列在了生态旅游业的名单里。本句主语morethan80activities与动词list构成被动关系，时间状语sofar通常要和现在完成时连用。所以本句要填现在完成时的被动语态形式havebeenlisted。8．考查名词短语。句意：它们包括观鸟、远足、跳水和摄影以及参加各种各样的地方文化活动。名词短语varietiesof“各种各样的”，在句中充当定语修饰名词短语localculturalevents。所以要填varieties。9．考查定语从句。句意：在当今社会大城市仍然是吸引游客的主要地方。定语从句的先行词是places，关系代词that/which指代先行词，引导定语从句并在句中充当主语。所以要填that/which。10．考查不定式复合结构。句意：乡村地区也许会成为未来人们参观的新的目的地。不定式的复合结构“forsbtodosth”是为了说明不定式动作的发出者，在此作后置定语修饰thenewdestinations。所以本句中要填tovisit。Ⅳ.短文改错MyclassmatesandItakepartinawildnesssurvivalprogramfromJuly10thtoJuly13ththissummer.Beforewestarted,wegivenacompass,amap,afirst-aidkit,tents,food,anyclothesandsoon.Onthewayweclimbedthreemorehillsandswamacrosstworivers.Welostourwayintheforest.Luckywefoundtherightdirectionwithacompass.Assoonastheyarrivedatthecampsite,weputupourtents,madeafireandthenstartedcooking.Wealsolearnedwhattogivefirst-aid.Throughtheprogram,welearnedtouseknowledgegaininginclasstosolveproblem.Itwasquiteanunforgettableexperienceforme.答案：MyclassmatesandIeq\o(take,\s\do8(took))partinawildnesssurvivalprogramfromJuly10thtoJuly13ththissummer.Beforewestarted,weeq\o(∧,\s\do8(were))givenacompass,amap,afirst-aidkit,tents,food,eq\o(any,\s\do8(some))clothesandsoon.Onthewayweclimbedthreemorehillsandswamacrosstworivers.Welostourwayintheforest.eq\o(Lucky,\s\do8(Luckily))wefoundtherightdirectionwitheq\o(a,\s\do8(the))compass.Assoonaseq\o(they,\s\do8(we))arrivedatthecampsite,weputupourtents,madeafireandthenstartedcooking.Wealsolearnedeq\o(what,\s\do8(how))togivefirst-aid.Throughtheprogram,welearnedtouseknowledgeeq\o(gaining,\s\do8(gained))inclasstosolveeq\o(problem,\s\do8(problems)).Itwasquiteanunforgettableexperienceforme.解析：1．考查动词的时态。根据语境应用一般过去时。故take→took。2．考查动词的语态。句子的主语we是give的动作承受者，应用被动语态。故we后加were。3．考查代词。some“一些”，用在肯定句中；any“一些”，用在否定句和疑问句中。故any→some。4．考查代词。根据上下文只有三座小山，应去掉more。故hills前的more去掉。5．考查副词。根据下文可知此处应用副词作状语。故Lucky→Luckily。6．考查冠词。根据前文提到compass应用定冠词the修饰。故a→the。7．考查代词。根据主句的主语we判断。故they→we。8．考查疑问词与不定式连用。根据give后有宾语“firstaid”，不定式中缺少方式状语。故what→how。9．考查非谓语动词。根据knowledge是gain的动作承受者，应用过去分词修饰。故gaining→gained。10．考查名词。根据problem前没有限定词，单数可数名词不能单独使用。故problem→problems。必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernheroⅠ.完形填空(2023·惠州市第一次调研)Mymotherwasagiftgiver.Theoccasionnever1.A—Christmas,birthdays,anniversariesornooccasionatall.Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight2.Cwhat.Creativityand3.Awentintothegiftsshegave,andshe4.Bathank-younote.Onceshesentoutnotestoherownchildrenandgrandchildrenwhohadnotacknowledgedgifts,5.Cthattheywerenowonher“FecalRoster(黑名单)”andwouldnotberemoved6.Dshehadreceivedaproperthankyou.Evenifyoudidn't7.Aathankyou,she'dgiveyouanothergiftthenext8.Bshehad.Shefigured9.Bmannerswereyourproblem,nothers.EverytimeMomandDad10.Ctovisit,allofuswouldgatherinthedrivewayastheyunloadedluggage.Therewasalwayssomethingforthekids,11.Aacoupleoflittletoysorabig12.Cofhomemadecookies.Theyweren'tgiftsforparticularoccasions.Theywere13.D“Isn'tlifegreat？”gifts.Onespringwhentheycametovisit,shehandedmea14.Dbag.Insidewasapaintingthat15.A：“ASpecialDaughter.You've16.Dlaughterandjoytoourlivesandsomuchlovetoourhearts.Themostpreciousthingswecan17.Bforyouarethethingsyouhavegivenus...18.CandLove.”Momwasa19.Dgiftgiver,butthebestgiftswewillalwaysrememberherforwereherlovefor20.Aandherloveforus.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的母亲喜欢给别人赠送礼物来表达自己的爱意。她用自己的行动表达了爱，传播了生活的美好。1．A.mattered B．occurredC．varied D．arose解析：根据空后的“Christmas，birthdays，anniversariesornooccasionatall”可知，母亲的给予是不分场合的，即给予的场合不重要。故A项符合语境。2．A.wonder B．praiseC．enjoy D．approve解析：根据该句“Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight2what.”并结合常识可知，送礼物要根据别人的喜好，所以作者的母亲会想别人喜欢什么。故选C项。3．A.thoughtfulness B．sympathyC．justice D．authority解析：根据“Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight2what.”和空前的“Creativity”可知，作者的母亲经常思考，所送的礼物既要有新意又要很体贴。thoughtfulness意为“体贴，关切”；sympathy意为“同情”；justice意为“公平”；authority意为“权威”。故选A项。4．A.ignored B．appreciatedC．promised D．resisted解析：根据第一段的第一句“Mymotherwasagiftgiver.”可知，作者的母亲是一个给予者；结合该句中的“Creativityand3wentintothegiftsshegave,andshe4athank-younote.”可知，她很欣赏感谢便条。故B项正确。5．A.assuming B．abusingC．stating D．correcting解析：根据该句中的“Onceshesentoutnotestoherownchildrenandgrandchildrenwhohadnotacknowledgedgifts,5thattheywerenowonher‘FecalRoster(黑名单)’”可知，有一次她给收到礼物却没有表达感谢的孩子和孙子发了纸条，纸条上说他们现在在她的“黑名单”上。assume意为“假设”；abuse意为“滥用”；state意为“陈述，说明”；correct意为“纠正”。故选C项。6．A.once B．afterC．when D．until解析：根据该句中的“shehadreceivedaproperthankyou”并结合上文可知，母亲不会将孩子们(的名字)从“黑名单”上删除，直到她收到一句谢谢。故选D项。7．A.send B．purchaseC．conduct D．obtain解析：根据上文可知，作者的母亲送礼物的时候，希望得到一句谢谢。send意为“发送”；purchase意为“购买”；conduct意为“进行”；obtain意为“获得”。故选A项。8．A.moment B．chanceC．festival D．holiday解析：根据第一段第二句中的“Christmas，birthdays，anniversariesornooccasionatall”可知，不只是在节假日，母亲在很多情况下都会准备礼物；结合该句中的“she'dgiveyouanothergiftthenext8shehad”可知，她会在下一次有机会时赠给你另一件礼物。B项意为“机会”，符合语境。9．A.mistaken B．badC．silly D．ridiculous解析：她认为没有礼貌是你的问题，而不是她的问题。得到礼物不回谢应该是没有礼貌的行为。故B项符合语境。10．A.walkedby B．wanderedaroundC．droveover D．rodeaway解析：根据空后的“allofuswouldgatherinthedrivewayastheyunloadedluggage”可知，作者的父母是开车过去的。driveover意为“驱车前来”，符合语境。故选C项。11．A.often B．alwaysC．never D．seldom解析：根据该句中的“Therewasalwayssomethingforthekids”及下文可知，他们总是给孩子们带一些东西，通常是一些小玩具或者是自制的饼干。故选A项。12．A.tank B．cageC．container D．holder解析：根据该句中的“acoupleoflittletoysorabig12ofhomemadecookies”及常识可知，饼干是放在盒子之类的容器(container)里的。tank意为“(贮放液体或气体的)箱”；cage意为“笼子”；holder意为“持有者”，均不符合语境。故选C项。13．A.fairly B．apparentlyC．especially D．simply解析：根据该句和前一句“Theyweren'tgiftsforparticularoccasions.”可知，它们不是为特殊场合而准备的礼物，只是(simply)关于“难道生活不美好吗？”的礼物。“Isn'tlifegreat？”gifts可以理解为“彰显生活美好的礼物”。故选D项。14．A.cookie B．toyC．hand D．gift解析：一个春天，当作者的父母来拜访时，母亲递给作者一个礼物包。结合第一段中的“Mymotherwasagiftgiver.”可知，这里指“礼物包”。故选D项。15．A.read B．toldC．wrote D．appeared解析：根据空后的“ASpecialDaughter.You've...andLove.”并结合该句可知，礼物包里面是一幅画，画上写着下文中的几句话。read“写着”，符合语境。故选A。16．A.showed B．awardedC．devoted D．brought解析：此处表示，你为我们的生活带来欢笑和欢乐，对我们的爱如此之深。由常识可知，此处表示孩子为父母带来欢声笑语。故选D项。17．A.apply B．wishC．recommend D．ask解析：根据该句中的“Themostpreciousthingswecan17foryouarethethingsyouhavegivenus”可知，父母希望子女得到的是子女给予他们的，即欢声笑语和爱。故选B项。18．A.Assistance B．PrivilegeC．Happiness D．Satisfaction解析：根据上文中的“You've16laughterandjoytoourlivesandsomuchlovetoourhearts”及空后的“Love”并结合选项可知，孩子可以为父母带来幸福和爱。assistance意为“援助”；privilege意为“特权”；happiness意为“幸福”；satisfaction意为“满意”。故选C项。19．A.extreme B．seriousC．grand D．great解析：根据本文第一句“Mymotherwasagiftgiver.”并结合上下文可知，母亲是一个极好的礼物赠送者。故选D项。20．A.life B．kidsC．families D．gifts解析：根据该句中的“butthebestgiftswewillalwaysrememberherforwereherlovefor20andherloveforus”可知，此处表示我们永远记得她给的最好的礼物是她对生活的热爱和她对我们的爱。从文中作者母亲的行为可以看出作者的母亲对生活的热爱。故A项符合语境。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2021·北京市高考适应性测试)Growingup,DekaIsmailsayssheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(难民)family，”Dekasaid.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego'sCityHeightsneighbourhood,DekaisthedaughterofaSomalirefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily，”Dekasaid.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortspaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedtotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus，”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytotacklenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobigorthisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool,”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了DekaIsmail如何通过自己的不懈努力取得成功的故事。1．Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatD.A．DekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamilyB．DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC．DekabecameaprofessoraftergraduationD．Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground，shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobethedriven,youngscientistthatsheistoday.”可知是她的经历促使她努力工作。所以答案选D。2．DekarealizedtheimportanceofeducationA.A．fromhermother'sexperienceB．afterherchemistryclassC．byreadingbooksinthelibraryD．throughworkingattheinstitute解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“WhenDekawaseightyearsold，hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.”可知是她母亲的经历让她知道教育的重要性。所以答案选A。3．Accordingtothelastparagraph,DekaadvisedthatstudentsbeB.A．patient B．confidentC．ambitious D．generous解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中她所说的话可知做事情不要害怕困难，要有信心。所以答案选B。4．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus？DA．Lifeisnotallroses. B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Wellbegunishalfdone. D．Hardworkleadstosuccess.解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知Deka通过自己的不懈努力取得了成功可知答案选D。Ⅲ.阅读七选五(2023·武汉市高中毕业班六月)Ithadlongbeentroublingalittleboythathisdeskmatecouldrank1stintheclasseverytimewhilehefailedto:heonlyranked21st.Athome,heaskedhismom,“Mom,amImorestupidthanothers?IfeelIamashardworkingashim,buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind？”1.CInanothertest,theboyranked15th,andhisdeskmateremained1st.Backhome,heraisedthesamequestion.2.BHowever,wasthisanswerinherson'sbestinterest？Thankgoodnessshedidnotopenhermouth.Thereweretimesshewantedtotellhim,“YourfatherandIusedtobeoutstanding.Whyaren'tyoujustasclever？”Butshestoppedbecauseshefeltitwascrueltoblamehimandthatsheneededabetteranswer.3.GToreducetheburdenonhersonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfyinggradesandrankings,Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea.Duringthetrip,shemanagedtogiveoutananswer.Now,theboynolongerworriesabouthisrankingsbecause,withthe1stranking,heisadmittedtoatopuniversity.4.FInthelecture,hementionedvaluableexperience,“WhenmymotherandIwerelyingonthebeach,shepointedtothefrontandsaid,‘Doyouseetheseabirdsoverthere?Whenthewavescomenear,littlebirdscanrisequicklywhileitwouldtakelongerforclumsyseagullstocompletetheprocess.However,haveyounoticedbirdsthatfinallyflyacrosstheendlessoceanarenoneotherthanclumsyseagulls？’5.D”Themovingspeechaffectedmanymotherspresentintotears,includinghismother.A．Feelingsadforherson'sfailure,Momscoldedhim.B．Momreallywantedtotellhersonthatintelligencediffers.C．Hearingthewords,shewentwordless,notknowinghowtoexplain.D．Youmightbeabitslower,butyouwillbetheonewhowillmakeit!E.Momwassoproudofherson'ssuccessthatsheoftentoldthattoothers.F.Backtohishighschool,hewasinvitedtogiveaspeechtothestudentsandparents.G.Timeflyingswiftly,despitegreatefforts,hewasstillunabletokeepupwithhisdeskmate.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。一个男孩为成绩不如同桌而苦恼，问他的妈妈他是不是比别人笨。妈妈没有正面回答男孩的问题而是带他去了海边，让他注意笨拙的鸟竟然是最终飞越大海的。后来，男孩以第一名的成绩被一所好大学录取。1．根据空前的“Mom，amImorestupidthanothers？IfeelIamashardworkingashim，buthowcomeIalwaysfallbehind？”可知，空处应是表述妈妈听到男孩的提问后的反应，C项“听了这些话，她说不出话来，不知道如何解释。”符合语境。故C项正确。2．根据空前的“thesamequestion”和空后一句“However，wasthisanswerinherson'sbestinterest？”可知，然而他的妈妈不知道这样的回答是否对男孩有利；据此可知，空处应是表述妈妈想要回答男孩的问题。故B项正确。3．根据空后一句“Toreducetheburdenonhersonwhowassufferingfromthepainsofunsatisfyinggradesandrankings，Momdecidedtotakehimtothesea.”可知，为了减轻儿子因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的负担，妈妈决定带他去海边。据此可知，空处应描述男孩因成绩和排名不满意而痛苦的情况。故G项符合语境。4．根据空后的“Inthelecture”可知，F项“高中时，他被邀请给学生和家长演讲”。符合语境。5．根据空前男孩分享的经历(笨拙的鸟竟然是最终飞越大海的)可知，空处应是他对这次经历的总结，即“你可能会有一点慢，但你会是那个成功的人！”。故D项正确。Ⅳ.语法填空(2023·广州市二模)It'sjustanotherdayforWilliamLindesay.Itbeginsbyspendingsometimewithhissons...andtheGreatWallofChina.Hehaslostcountofthenumberoftimeshe1.hasclimbed(climb)thewall.However,hestillremembersthedaywhenhefirstsaw2.it.TheUKnativefirstcametoChinain1986withoneofthe3.plans(plan)torunthewall'sentire4.length(long)—butitdidn'tquiteworkoutthattime.Hecamebackayearlateandfulfilledhisdream,beforefinallysettlinginChinain1990.LindesayhashadeightbooksontheGreatWall5.published(publish)overtheyears.Hehascompletedthreephotoprojectsthatshow6.howithaschangedwiththepassageoftimeandledconservationeffortstoprotectit.NowheandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(无人机)7.tofilm(film)theGreatWall,whichprovidesa8.completely(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.Inmanyways,theGreatWallhasdefinedLindesay'slife.Hissoloadventure9.is/was/hasbeendescribed(describe)as“themostsuccessfulforeignexplorationoftheGreatWall”.Heevenreceivedamedal10.fromtheChinesegovernmentforhisconservationefforts.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。英国人WilliamLindesay爬了无数次长城，出版了八本关于长城的书，为保护长城做出了贡献，被中国政府授予奖章。1．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为从句的谓语，根据主句中的“haslost”并结合语境可知，空处应用现在完成时，又其主语为“he”。所以填hasclimbed。2．考查代词。根据语境可知，空处代指上文提到的长城。所以填it。3．考查名词的单复数。plan是可数名词，根据空前的“oneof”知，此处应用复数形式。所以填plans。4．考查名词。根据空前的形容词entire可知，空处应为名词，且指城墙的整个长度。所以填length。5．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知