英语学习(翻译)

Conversion转译法ConversionAwordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage.1Usage

DifferentexpressioninEnglishandChineseForexample:verbsHeadmiresthePresident’sstateddecisiontofightforthejob.他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。2Example(1)ThegrowingawarenessbymillionsofAfricansoftheirextremelypoorandbackwardlivingconditionshaspromptedthemtotakeresolutemeasuresandcreatenewones.原译：数以百万计的非洲人对于他们非常贫穷落后的生活条件的日益觉醒促使他们采取坚决的措施，创造新的生活条件。改译：数以百万计的非洲人已逐渐意识到他们的生活状况异常贫穷落后，这就促使他们奋起采取坚决的措施创造新的生活条件。

3examplesFormalityhasalwayscharacterizedtheirrelationship.他们之间的关系，有一个特点，就是以礼相待。Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。ThePresidenthadpreparedmeticulouslyforhisjourney.总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

4WordsConvertedintoverbsConvertedintonounsConvertedintoadjectivesOthers5ConvertedintoverbsNoun---verbsPrep.---verbsAdj.---verbsAdv.---verbs6Nouns---verbsNounsderivedfromverbs(inpoliticalarticles)examples7examplesTheturningpointofmylifewasmydecisiontogiveupapromisingbusinesscareerandstudymusic.我生活的转折点是我决定不做发迹有望的商人而专攻音乐。

Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeon-siteinspectionsoftheSovietstrategicarsenalandRussia’srefusal.到1972年为止，美苏之间关于限制核军备竞赛的一切努力都在这一点上失败了：美国坚持有权视察苏方战略武器现场，而苏联则拒绝这样做。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。8Nouns---verbsNounswiththemeaningofactionexamples9examplesAstheweekdrewtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。10Nouns---verbsgerundexamples11examplesOneofourwaysforgettingheatisburningfuels.我们获得热的一种方式是燃烧燃料。Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.把水加热不会改变水的化学成分。Theflowingofcurrentfirstinonedirectionandtheninanothermakesanalternatingcurrent.电流先向一个方向流动，然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。12Nouns---verbsNounswith–er:teacher,thinkerNotrefertotheirprofessionsorcareersbuthavethemeaningofaction.examples13examplesIamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我未必会教你游泳。我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。Althoughhewasalwaysthe“background”brieferonforeignpolicyissues,hecouldneverbeidentifiedasanythingotherthan“aWhiteHouseofficial”or“ahighAdministrationsource.”虽然外交问题的“背景情况”总是由他介绍，但他仍只能称为是“一位白宫官员”或“一位政府高级人士”。14MoreexamplesSheisawell-knownsinger.歌唱家Someofmyclass-matesaregoodsingers.我们班同学中有些人唱歌唱得很好。15Nouns---verbsNouns,assubjects,intheidiomseg.Tohavealook

at,tohavearest.examples16examplesTheytookafinallookatIronMike,stillintactinthedarkness.他们最后看了铁麦克一眼——它依然安然无恙地耸立在黑暗中。Thenextnewsbulletin,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.下一个新闻节目比通常短，没有提到游行。Agreatcloudrosefromthegroundandfollowedthetrailofthegreatsun.Atfirstitwasagiantcolumn,whichsoontooktheshapeofasupramundanemushroom.ForafleetinginstantittooktheformoftheStatueofLibertymagnifiedmanytimes.一朵庞大的烟云随着一轮巨日从地面升起。它起初是个巨大的圆柱，很快形成了凌云驾空的大蘑菇，一瞬间又变成了一座扩大了许多倍的自由神像。

17Prep.---verbsPrep.Withthemeaningofaction,eg.across,

past,toward

examples18examplesPartyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcaves,by

dimlamps.党的干部吃简陋的饮食，住寒冷的窑洞，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作。Thecomputerisofhighsensibility.这台计算机具有很高的灵敏度。Machinepartsofirregularshapecanbewashedverycleanbyultrasonics.用超声波能把形状不规则的机件洗得很干净。

19Adj.---verbsAdjectivesforconsciousness,feeling,desireForexamples:content,confident,certain,careful,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,able,familiarexamples20examplesIfwewereignorantofthestructureoftheatom,itwouldbeimpossibleforustostudynuclearphysics.如果我们不知道原子的结构，我们就不可能研究核子物理学。Thefactthatshewasabletosendamessagewasahint.ButIhadtobecautious.她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。Theyarequitecontentwiththedataobtainedfromtheexperiment.他们十分满足于实验中获得的数据。21Adv.---verbsAdverbsusedaspredicativesorobjectcomplementsexamples22examplesAsheranout,heforgottohavehisshoeson.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。Havetheoilingofthepartsthroughbeforethemachineisoperated.在开动机器之前，要把部件的上油工作做完。Aftercarefulinvestigationtheyfoundthedesignbehind.经过仔细研究后，他们发现这个设计落后了。23ConvertedintonounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”examples24VerbsderivedfromnounsVerbsderivedfromnounsVerbscomingfromnounsexamples25VerbsderivedfromnounsThedevelopmentofscientificresearchinChinaischaracterizedbytheintegrationoftheorywithpractice.中国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。Asthewarprogressed,hewouldsymbolizetheirfrustrations,theembodimentofallevils.随着战争的进行，他成了他们受挫的象征，成了一切坏事的化身。Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来，他就是绝对权威的化身。26VerbscomingfromnounsIntheearlydawn,theguardtowersweresilhouettedagainstthesky.黎明时，天空映出了嘹望塔的轮廓。MostU.S.spysatellitesaredesignedtoburnupintheearth’satmosphereaftercompletingtheirmissions.美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。SomeofthemwerealreadyplanningtostaffaHumphreyAdministrationintheeventtheDemocraticcandidatewonanelection.他们中间有些人，已经在为民主党候选人一旦获胜后的汉弗莱政府计划人事安排。27Verbinthesentenceofpassivevoice:canbetranslatedintothestructuresuchas“受（遭）到……+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”

examples28examplesSnowwastreated

veryshabbilybytheU.S.pressandofficialdomduringthisperiod,victimizedforhisviews.在这期间，斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公正的对待，由于他的观点，他受到了迫害。Throwatennisballonthefloor.Theballbouncesback.Inthesameway,whenlightfallsoncertainthingsitbouncesback.Whenthishappens,thelightissaidtobereflected.将网球扔到地板上，球会弹回来。同样，光照到某些物体上时也会弹回来。这种情况叫做光受到反射。Satellites,however,mustbecloselywatched,fortheyareconstantlybeingtuggedatbythegravitationalattractionofthesun,moonandearth.由于经常受到太阳、月亮和地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。29Adj.---nounsThe+adj.:thesick病号,thepoor穷人theold,theinfirm,theill,theveryyoung老、弱、病、幼者。Othersexamples30examplesHewaseloquentandelegant-----butsoft.他有口才、有风度，但很软弱。TheWildefamilywerereligious.王尔德全家都是虔诚的教徒。Theyareconsideredinsincere.他们被认为是伪君子。31Convertedintoadj.Nounsderivedfromadj.Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicativesadverbs32Nounsderivedfromadj.Thepallorofherfaceindicatedclearlyhowshewasfeelingatthemoment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。Thesecurityandthewarmthofthedestroyer’ssickbaywerewonderful.驱逐舰的病室很安全也很温暖，好极了。HetalkedforsometimewithBundy,andhisquestionsreflectedtheenormityofhisdoubts.他同邦迪谈了一会儿，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。33Nouns+a(n)usedaspredicatives

Heisastranger

totheoperationoftheelectroniccomputer.他对电子计算机的操作是陌生的。Theblockadewasasuccess.封锁很成功。Independencethinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考对学习是绝对必要的。34adverbsAsverbsareconvertedintonounsinChinese,theadverbsmodifyingverbsturnintoadjectives.examples35examplesInscienceandengineering,itisofgreatimportancetostatethelawsandprinciplesaccurately.工程学方面，定律和原理的正确叙述非常重要。Thewideapplicationofelectroniccomputersaffectstremendouslythedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.电子计算机的广泛应用，对科学技术的发展有极大的影响。36adverbsTheadverbsbeforeoraftertheverbs,whichinmeaningareusedastheattributive,canbetranslatedintoChineseasadjectives.examples37examplesThepowerplantsuppliestheinhabitantssixtyli

aboutwithelectricity.这个电厂供电给周围六十里的居民。Thebuildingsaroundaremostlyofmodernconstruction.附近的建筑物大部分是现代化的。38OtherwordsAdj.&adv.Nouns&adv.39Adj.&adv.Whenthenounisconvertedintoverb,theadjectivemodifyingthenouncanbetranslatedintoadverbinChinese.Eg.

Occasionallyadrizzlecamedown,andtheintermittentflashesoflightningmadeusturnapprehensiveglancestowardZero.偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。40Adj.&adv.WhentheverbturnsintonouninChinese,theadverbmodifyingtheverbcanbeconvertedintotheadjective.Eg:He

routinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。41Adj.&adv.ThedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglish.Eg:Thisissheer

nonsense.这完全是胡说。Hewasinaclear

minority.他显然属于少数。42Nounsandadv.Nounsconvertedintoadverbsexamples43examplesWhenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。

Thenewmayorearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。44Nounsandadv.Adverbsconvertedintonounsexamples45examplesHeisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.他身体虽弱，但思想健康。

Theyhavenotdonesowellideologically,however,asorganizationally.但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。46exercisesTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.Hehasalreadymademention

ofthematterinhisspeech.Upthestreettheywent,

past

stores,across

abroadsquare,andthenenteredahugebuilding.47exercisesTheyweresuspiciousandresentful

ofhim.Thesuccessfulfishermenofthatdaywerealreadyin.OnthatdaytheywereescortedtotheGreatWallofChina.Hisimageasagoodstudentwasbadlytarnished.Theyaregoingtobuildaschoolfortheblindandthedeaf.48exercisesIrecognizedthe

absurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.Warmdiscussionsaroseoneverycornerastohisachievements.I’veoftenwondered,intheyearssince,whetherImadetherightchoice.Thesunrose

thinlyfromthesea.Hehadthekindness

toshowmetheway.49answers读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。在走过市区的时候，她们看见领救济食物的人排着长队。他倒是不抽烟，但他爸爸却一支又一支不停地抽。他在讲演中曾提到过这件事。他们沿着大街走去，经过许多商店，穿过一个大广场，然后进入了一座大厦。50answers他们不信任他，讨厌他。那天交好运的渔人们都已回来。他们那天和陪同人员去参观中国的长城。他作为一个好学生的形象，已遭受到很大的玷污。他们将为盲人和聋人修建一所学校。51answers我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。到处在热烈地讨论他的成就。究竟我这样做是作对了呢，还是作错了？几年来，我经常在纳闷。淡淡的太阳从海上升起。他好意地给我指路。52ExercisesandanswersTranslatethefollowingsentencesintogoodChinese.Payattentiontothetranslationoftheitalicizedwords.

An

acquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。Onthewalkthroughthecitytheysawbreadlines.