英语写作方法

WritingskillsClassification&Definition1ClassificationToclassifyistosortthingsintocategoriesaccordingtotheircharacteristics.Applesmaybeclassifiedaccordingto:---size,placeoforigin,color,priceorquality2Essentialtoagoodclassificationisparallelism.Sports:Generalcategory,SubcategoryParticularformtrackandfieldeventsswimmingballgamesgymnasticsetc.jumpingballgamesrunningfloorexerciseetc.3Inagoodclassificationthepartsmustbeparallel,andtheyshouldadduptothewholeparts.

BookOwnersTherearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbest-sellers---unread,untouched.Thisindividualownswoodpulpandink,notbooks.Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks---afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto,butallofthemascleanandshinyasthedaytheywerebought.Thispersonwouldprobablyliketomakebookshiswon,butisrestrainedbyafalserespectfortheirphysicalappearance.Thethirdhasafewbooksormany---everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated,shakenandloosenedbycontinualuse,markedandscribbledinfromfronttoback.4Expressionsforclassificationmajorkindsofbasickindsfundamentalsignificantprimarysecondaryminorunimportantinsignificantsimilarcontradictoryopposingcontrastingclearlydistinguishabletypes/kinds/attributessources/characteristicsmethods/parts/regionsfactors/origins/categoriesclasses/qualities/aspectsclassifications/divisions1Withrespectto_____,2___fallinto___categories3____canbedividedinto___classes4accordingto_____5Generalizationvs.Classification1)Awildstallionispowerfulandfierce.2)Everyonehasthreekindsof“friends”hewantstoforget.3)ManyaspectsoftheAmericancharactercanbeattributedtotheAmericanfrontier.4)Studentsshouldnotbeallowedtosmokeintheclassroom.5)Americanhistoryasreflectedbytheconcentrationofpeopleincitiescanbedividedintotwoclearlydistinguishableperiods.6Additems1.Collegestudentscanbeclassifiedaccordingtothefollowingstandards.A)academicachievementsB)C)D)2.MyclassmatesA)logicalandcriticalthinkersB)C)D)7TheCertificateCraze1.现在许多人热衷于各种证书考试2.其目的各不相同3.我的看法Thepurposeofacquiringcertificatesvaryfromonetoanother.Someclaimthat…..Others,however,….Peoplepursuecertificatesforvariouspurposes.试试使用归类法重写(rewrite)以上的句式。8Writingassignment段落写作使用归类、定义等方法写一个段落。注意段落的首句为主体句，归类的点应该互为平行。9ParagraphdevelopedbycauseandeffectSoundreasoningorlogicisnaturallythemostimportantqualityofanycausalanalysis.Butitisnotalwayseasytoexplaincausesandeffectsclearlyandlogically.Onereasonforthisisthat:AneffectmayhavemanycausesAcausemayhavemanyeffects10Twobasicways1.tostateaneffectanddevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.Inthepastfewyears,highereducationhasbecomelessimportanttoyoungpeoplethanitwaspreviously.Thisisaneffect.Itshouldbefollowedbyadiscussionofthecausesofit.1)pressureoffiercecompetition2)betteropportunitiesinthejobmarket3)muchoftheknowledgetaughtinuniversitiesbeingout-dated4)distrustanddiscontentwithcurrenteducationsystem11Onemightwonderwhy,aftertheNormanConquest,Frenchdidnotbecomethenationallanguage,replacingEnglishentirely.ThereasonisthattheConquestwasnotanationalmigration,astheearlierAnglo-Saxoninvasionhadbeen.GreatnumbersofNormanscametoEngland,buttheycameasrulersandlandlords.Frenchbecamethelanguageofthecourt,thelanguageofthenobility,thelanguageofpolitesociety,thelanguageofliterature.ButitdidnotreplaceEnglishasthelanguageofthepeople.122.tostateacauseandthemmentionorpredicttheeffects.MoreandmorefertilelandinChinaistakenupbynewbuildings.Thisisaphenomenon.Theeffectsofthisdevelopmentshouldbementioned.1)thereductionofthegrainoutput2)increasinglyseriousenvironmentalproblems3)toomanypeasantsmovingintothecities4)urbanization13Thissurge(飞涨)ofdemandforoilwillsoonbegintosendshockwavesthroughtheAmericaneconomyandtransportationsystem.

Theimpactofthesemarketchangescanalreadybeanticipated(预料):totheconsumertheysignaltheendofalongloveaffairwiththecar.Unlessweexerciseforesightanddevisegrowthlimitspoliciesfortheautoindustry,thiseventwillthrustusintoacrisisthatwillleadtoasubstantialshortageofdomesticoilsupply,andalevelofpetroleumimportsthatcouldcostasmuchas$20to$30billionperyear.Moreover,wewouldwillbedepletingourremainingoilreserveatanunacceptablerate,withenormouspotentialdamagetotheenvironment.14Expressionsforcauseandeffectso,thus,accordinglyconsequentlythereforeforthisreasonasaresulthencedueto,owingto,becauseofasaresultoftheeffect/resultoftheconsequenceofhaveaneffectonthecauseofoutofsothat1owe____to2make______possible3makeitpossible/impossiblefor___to__4so_____that5forfearthat6seeingthat7nowthat15StudythefollowinginformationandfindoutwhichstatementisCAUSEandwhichisEFFECTTopic:DrunkdriversA.Excessiveamountsofalcoholcauseonetoloseone’ssenseofresponsibility;B.Excessiveamountsofalcoholslowreactiontimeandseriouslyimpairdepthperception;C.Thedrunkdriverisunabletomakequicklogicaldecisionsandisoftenresponsibleforaccidentscausingseriousinjuriesordeath;D.Drunkdriversaredangerous;F.Drunkdriversposeathreattothemselvesaswel