初中英语九年级全一册SectionAGrammarfocusa-4c优质课比赛一等奖

SectionAGrammarfocus4a—4c被动语态链接中考巩固与提升被动语态需要注意的问题被动语态的构成主动语态变为被动语态的方法

意义

被动语态的使用课程流程图(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.5,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.(二)被动语态的使用动词过去式及过去分词的构成规则变化不规则变化1.一般情况，加-ed2.以e结尾的动词，加-d3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed.stop-stoppd(停止)plan-planned(计划)shop-shopped(购物)prefer-preferred(更喜欢)beg-begged(恳求)

chat-chatted(闲谈)drag-dragged

(拉；拽)kid-kidded(开玩笑)

sum-summed(总结)permit-permitted(允许)

regret-regretted(后悔)

drop-dropped(雨滴等下落)4.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i,再加-ed.study-studiedcarry-carriedworry-worried动词过去式及过去分词规则变化AAA型（原形

原形

原形）

costcostcost花费

cutcutcut割,切

hithithit打，撞击

letletlet让

putputput放下

hurthurthurt伤

害

setsetset安排

readreadread读

2.AAB型

（原形

原形

原形）

beatbeatbeaten

赢，打败

3.ABA型（原形

过去式原形）

runranrun跑

comecamecome来

becomebecamebecome变

动词过去式及过去分词不规则变化ABB型1.原形ought

oughtbringbroughtbrought

带来buyboughtbought

买fightfoughtfought

打架thinkthoughtthought思考2.原形aughtaughtcatchcaughtcaught

捉，抓teachtaughttaught

教3.原形t

tfeelfeltfelt感觉keepkeptkept保持leaveleftleft离开sleepsleptslept睡觉sweepsweptswept扫dealdealtdealt处理meanmeantmeant意思4.变其中一个辅音字母buildbuiltbuilt

建造makemademade制造sendsentsent

送，寄spendspentspent

花费

5.变其中一个元音字母getgotgot(ten)得到holdheldheld拥有，握meetmetmet遇见feedfedfed喂养winwonwon赢sitsatsat坐

babysitbabysatbabysat照看findfoundfound发现digdugdug挖6.辅音字母和元音字母都变havehadhad有

laylaidlaid放置loselostlost丢失paypaidpaid付钱sellsoldsold卖telltoldtold告诉

saysaidsaid说standstoodstood

站understandunderstoodunderstood明白

4.ABC型1）原形过去式过去分词原形

ew

own

flyflewflown

飞growgrewgrown

生长knowknewknown

知道throwthrewthown

扔blowblewblown

吹2）i

a

ubeginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝ringrangrung打电话singsangsung唱swimswamswum游3）原形

过去式过去式+nchoosechose

chosen

选择freezefrozefrozen

冻speakspokespoken

说breakbroke

broken破碎,折断

4.原形过去式原形+（e）n

eatateeat

吃

fallfellfallen

落下givegavegiven

给

seesawseen

看drawdrewdrawn

画

taketooktaken

拿5.无规律am/iswasbeen是arewerebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去lielaylain躺

wearworeworn穿paypaidpaid付

(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法

Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语主动语态：1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。口诀：宾变主,主变宾,前加by；主变被,看清be,谓变be+pp莫忘记。被动语态：

wasinvited(bymyaunt)

toherdinnerparty.

I主语谓语宾语被动语态人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与be的变化形式完全一样，八大时态中的构成列表如下：

一般现在时： am/is/are+done

一般过去时： was/were+done

一般将来时： shall/will+done

过去将来时： should/would+done

现在进行时： am/is/are+being+done

过去进行时： was/were+being+done

现在完成时： have/has+been+done

过去完成时： had+been+done

含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词(can/may/must…)+bedone

(二)被动语态的人称和数的变化以及在八种常用时态中的构成

Rewritethesentencesusingthepassivevoice.(把下列句子改为被动语态）1.Theysoldthefridgeatalowvoice.2.Somebodystolemycamerafrommyhotelroom.3.Wheredidyoutakethesephoto.4.Ourparentsadvisedusnottogooutalone.5.DifferentwriterstranslatedthebookintodifferentlanguageThefridgewassoldatalowvoice.

Mycamerawasstolenbysomebodyfrommyhotelroom.Wherewerethesephotostaken?Wewereadvisednottogooutalonebyourparents.

Thebookwastranslatedintodifferentlanguagesbydifferentwriters.4a注意:否定句的被动语态：主语+benot+done…一般疑问句的被动语态：Be+主语+done…?特殊疑问句的被动语态：特殊疑问词+be+主语+done…?

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebox.(用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空）eatlocklikeringinvitebreaktellbring

1.You__________tothepartylastnight,weren’tyou?Whydidn’tyougo?2.Theearthquakehappenedallofasudden,butluckilythevillagers______________toasafeplace.3.Thedoor___________whenwearrived,sowe_____thebell.4.Thestudents_________nottoeatordrinkinclass,butRuby______therulewhenshestartedeatingabiscuitinscienceclass.5.Thecookies__________bythehungrykidsinlessthan20minutes,andtheyreally______them.wereinventedwerebroughtwaslockedrangwastoldbrokewereeatenliked4b不用被动语态的几种情况：1)不及物动词及一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态。eg：happen,takeplace,last,cometrue,die,remain,succeed,fall,arrive,breakout,belongto,loseheart,addupto等。Greatchangeshaven’ttakenplaceinthatcityThatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike.

不用被动语态的几种情况：2)表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset.Thecoatfitsmewell.3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou．4)系动词没有被动态Thefish

tastes

good.这鱼味道很好。Thescarf

feels

soft.这条围巾摸上去很软。.7)反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself．【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter6)某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思，不用被动语态。Thebook

sells

well.这书很好卖。Thiskindofcloth

washesverywell.这种布很好洗。

Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说…… It’ssaidthat…

据报导…… It’sreportedthat…

据推测…… It’ssupposedthat…

希望…… It’shopedthat…

众所周知……It’swellknownthat…

普遍认为……It’sgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……It’ssuggestedthat…1)It’sreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)It’swellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulbs.在英语语言中，被动语态是极常见的语言现象，人们进行语言交际，离不开对被动语态的使用，熟练掌握被动语态也为下一步学习打下良好的基础，在动词-ing形式，不定式等结构中，都有被动式，都需要运用被动语态的知识去理解。

Decidewhetheractiveorpassiveformsshouldbeusedinthesesentences.Writethecorrectformsintheblanks.(判断句子的语态，然后用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空）

Thetelephone____________(invite)byAlxanderGrahamBell.He___________(born)in1847.Mr.Bell________(work)ontheinventionofthetelephonewithThomasWatson.In1875,Mr.Bell________(learn)howtosendmusicalnotesthroughaninstrumentsimilartoatelephone.Finally,thetelephone____________(invent)in1876.Thefirstsentencethat_________(say)onthetelephonebyMr.Watsonwas“comehere;Iwanttoseeyou.”Todaythetelephone__________(use)aroundtheworld.

4cwasinventedwasbornworkedlearned

wasinventedwassaidwasused在see,watch,hear,notice,make,feel,listento,lookat等感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，即beseen/watched/heard/noticed/made…todosth.

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.（主动语态）

Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.

（被动语态）巩固练习：1)Thebossmadetheworkersworkfor8hourseveryday.2)Isawathiefstealawalletjustnow.注意!Theworkersweremadetoworkfor8hourseveryday.Athiefwasseentostealawalletjustnow.1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.3.Wefoundtheticketonthefloor.______________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.areusedareclearnedTheticketwasfoundwastoldwasmadetohave拓展训练：把下列主动语态改为被动语态6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.9.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.10.Thefarmersaregrowingriceinthefieldnow.______________________bythefarmersinthefieldnow.canbemendedWeremanytreesplanted

wasasked

Riceisbeinggrowncanbeused()1.—Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!(长春市二模)—Yeah,it_____nearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt()2.Thebook_____intomanyotherlanguageslastyear.(长春市2013年中考）A.TranslatedB.betranslatingC.wastranslatedD.translate()3.Lightbulbs_____byThomasEdisonmorethanonehundredyearsago.(长春市2014年中考）A.inventB.inventedC.areinventingD.wereinvented()4.She_____togiveatalkabouttosavewateryesterday.(长春市2015年中考）A.inviteB.invitedC.isinvitedD.wasinvited()5.ChineseNewYear_____theSpringFestival.Peopleofteneatdumplings.(长春市2016年中考）A.iscalledB.wascalledC.callsD.called()6.Thankstothegovernment,severalnewprimaryschool____inmyhometownlastyear.(长春市2017年中考）A.buildB.builtC.arebuiltD.werebuilt()7.——CanyousingtheEnglishsong?(吉林省