Unit4Startingout-Understandingideas词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂版本：新外研单元：必修二Unit4(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本单元词汇梳理1.opera：歌剧诞生于16世纪末的意大利。最初，意大利人用短语operainmusica(worksinmusic音乐作品)来表示歌剧，后来缩写为单词opera。2.movement：move+-ment

隐喻：具体的身体部位的“活动”→抽象的政治、社会等方面的“运动”3.aspect：aspect(方面)原本是一个天文学术语，表示“星体的相对位置”。它由“a-(to)+spect(tolook看)”构成，字面意思就是“(星体相互)观看对方”。后来衍生出“看待事物的方式”“事物呈现出来的外观”。同根词：respect4.prince：拓展princess,king,queen5.version：隐喻：具体的书籍等的“版本”→抽象的人描述某一事件的“版本、说法”6.string：细绳，联系rope(粗绳)7.getacross：getacrosssth/getsthacross(tosb)(向某人)解释清楚某物

8.female：正式用语(对应woman)；拓展male(对应man)9.technique：来自词根techno-(art,skill技术)；同根词：technology10.transform：trans-(intoanotherstate成为另一状态)+form(形成)→使形成另一种状态→使改变形态

词块：transformsth/sbfromsthintosth11.universe：uni-(one一)+vers-(toturn转)→转为一体的→宇宙

用法：与the连用；派生词：universal12.incredible：同义词unbelievable，意为“极好的；极大的”是非正式用语；派生词：incredibly(必修二U1)13.energetic：energy(必修一U6)+-etic；词源义：active,fullofenergy14.clap：拟声词，模仿鼓掌的声音

词块：clapone’shands,clapsb/sth15.edge：隐喻：具体的物体“边缘”→抽象的“优势”词块：ontheedgeof,have/gainanedgeon/over16.emotion：精准的汉语释义“强烈的情感(astrongfeeling)”

派生词：emotional17.anger：派生词：angry；词块：inanger18.grief：尤指因某人去世而引起的“悲伤”，近义词sadness19.combine：com-(together一起)+-bini(twobytwo二)；基本义是“使两者合在一起”20.poetry：词族：poem,poet,poetry21.explosive：词族：explode,explosion,explosive22.tickalltherightboxes：词源：在填写表格时，通常需要在相对应符合条件的方框里打勾(tickthebox)。tickalltheboxes由此衍生，用来描述一个人或事物符合所有条件，故“在所有的框里都打了勾”23.applaud：具体的“鼓掌”→抽象的“称赞”；派生词：applause24.grateful：近义词：thankful

核心句式：begratefultosbforsth,I’dbegratefulifyoucould…25.extremely：extreme(adj极端的)+-ly，相当于口语中veryvery26.overcome：词块：overcometheproblem/difficulty,beovercomewithgrief27.ballet：音译词“芭蕾”

词源：ballet来自意大利语balletto(ball舞会+let小形式)，最初指的是15世纪时流行于意大利宫廷中的一种舞蹈表演。ballet后兴盛于法国，经由法语进入英语，所以发音也具有法语特点，最后一个t不发音。28.absorbed：absorb(v

吸收)+-ed(分词形容词)absorb：一词多义，基本义“吸收”

词块：beabsorbedin29.romantic：音译词“罗曼蒂克(浪漫的)”30.documentary：document(n

文件)+-ary(构成形容词和名词后缀)31.absolutely：absolute(adj

绝对的)+-ly32.episode：常用义：（电视剧中的）一集；美剧中的season（季）和episode（集）33.puton：一词多义：基本义“把……放在……上”（由小品词on决定）34.appealing：appeal(v

有吸引力)+-ingappeal：ap-(=ad,to去)+-pel(todrive驱动、推进)→将某人赶到、驱使到某事物上，后衍生出“呼吁”等词义词块：appeal(tosb)forsth,appealtosbtodosth,appealtosb

35.definitely：definite(adj

确定的，肯定的)+-ly；

近义词certainly；句子副词36.plot：阴谋、密谋→小说的故事情节

名词动词化37.rude：近义词impolite，反义词polite

核心句式：it’srude(ofsb)todosth,berudetosb38.transport：trans-(intoanotherplace)+-port-(tocarry运输、携带)

词块：publictransport

熟词生义：使进入特定境地：Humortransportsyourmindawayfromyourdailytroubles.2020江苏改39.arrangement：arrange+-ment(arrange基本义“排列”)

词块：makearrangementsfor,flowerarrangement(插花)重难点词精讲overcomeabsorb&absorbedappeal&appealingtrans-前缀

combine一词多义搭配义一词多义一词多义构词法puton一词多义arrange&arrangement一词多义英语释义搭配义edge一词多义

《变形金刚》（Transformers）是历史上最成功的商业动画之一，最初改编自日本TAKARATOMY公司的戴亚克隆和微星系列。它在玩具市场和音像市场上取得的成功是空前巨大的，以至于80年代一度风靡全球，在亚欧美等多个国家都兴起了一股“变形”热，让“transformers”成为全世界家喻户晓的名词。前后进行了真人电影化以及游戏化。transport说出下列句子中画线词的释义。1.Watercantransformadesertintoagarden.2.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceitcameonthemarketin1973.2010重庆3.Atpresent,lotsoffood,water,tents,andmedicinearebeingtransportedtotheearthquake-strickenareas.2008湖北4.ThetransatlanticflightsflyacrosstheAtlanticOcean.5.Thislocalcompanyhasbeentakenoverbyatransnationalcompany.使改变(desert→garden)

翻译(onelanguage→anotherlanguage)运输

(oneplace→anotherplace)由上面的句子可以发现，前缀trans-加在单词前构成动词，意思是“进入（另一地方）”或“成为（另一状态）(intoanotherplaceorstate)”；构成形容词，意思是“横穿；超越(across;beyond)”。横渡大西洋的(acrosstheAtlanticOcean)跨国的(acrossthenations)根据trans-前缀的意思，结合语境猜测下列句子中画线词的意思。1.Doctorstransplantedadeadperson’sheartintoatwo-year-oldchild.2.Weweretransferredfromonebusintoanother.3.Youarenotplanningtotransfertoadifferentuniversitynextyear,areyou?2014上海移植换乘转校词源义：“角、边缘、尖”(corner,edge,point)，基本义是“边缘”。edgen[C]

边；边缘：Billysaton

theedgeofthedesk,swinginghislegs.Hestoodatthewater’sedgestaringacrossthelake.YuMinisaleadingscientistatthecuttingedgeofnucleartechnology.

刀口；刃；利刃：Theknifehasno/asharpedge.

优势edge词源解读物体的“边缘”刀等的“边缘”优于其他事物的“边缘”have/gainanedgeon/over比……占优势；胜过：Ican’tbeatyouattennis,butIhave/gainanedgeonyouinping-pong.ontheedgeof在……边缘；……快要发生(尤指不好的事)：Peopleseemedtobelivingontheedgeoftheirnerves.ontheedgeofone’sseat极为激动；异常兴奋：Thegamehadthecrowdontheedgeoftheirseats.■vi&vt

(使)徐徐移动；给……加边：Sheedgedalittleclosertome.边缘edge（基本义）物体的“边缘”优势优于其他事物的“边缘”刀等的“边缘”边；边缘刀口；刃；利刃edge语义网络图combinev

vi&vt(使)结合；(使)组合：Theorymustbecombinedwith

practice.Theideaofgardencitywastocombinethebestoftownandcountryinanewkindofsettlement.2011江西改combine词源解读combine由com-(together)+-bini(twobytwo)构成。词源同two。基本义是“使两者合在一起”。【词汇拓展】combinationn

结合(体)；联合(体)；混合

vt兼备；兼顾：Thehotel

combines

comfort

and

convenience.LikehermotherMarieCurie,Irenecombined

family

and

career.

vi&vt(使)

化合；(使)

混合：Steelisproducedbycombiningironwithcarbon.combine既可以指物理属性发生变化的化合又可指物理属性未发生变化的混合。combine语义网络图combine合在一起(基本义)(使)

化合；(使)

混合(使)结合；(使)组合(使)抽象的事物“合在一起”(使)具体的物质“合在一起”兼备把两件或以上的事“合在一起”把两个或多个特点“合在一起”兼顾

战胜；克服：overcometheenemy/thedifficultiesIfyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.

[常用于被动语态]受到……的极大影响：Overcomebycuriosity,theboylookedoutthewindow.Herparentswereovercomewithgriefatthefuneral.overcome(overcame,overcome)vttoabsorbtheimpactabsorbabsorb词源解读absorb的词源义及基本义是“suckin”，意为“吸吮、吸收”absorbvt

吸收totakeinandholdsth(aliquid,heat,etc.)：Atransparentobjectdoesn’tabsorblight.2015北京改Onehectareofforestcanabsorb23tonsofcarbondioxideperyear.

吸纳

totake

sth

into

sthlarger,sothatitbecomespartofit：Serviceworkabsorbedagreatnumberofwomenwhoarrivedinthecitiesfromthecountry.

理解；掌握totakesthintothemindandlearnorunderstandit(takein)：absorbnewknowledge/informationI’vejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme.

吸引；使专心tointerestsbsomuchthattheydon’tpayattentiontootherthings：Thisworkhasabsorbedhimforyears.

缓冲：Well-designedsportsshoesshouldabsorbtheimpactonyourfeet.吸收（基本义）“吸收”某物“吸收”个体成为集体的一部分“吸收”知识、信息等并掌握“吸收”某人的注意力、兴趣等“吸收”冲击力以缓冲吸收吸纳理解；掌握吸引；使专心缓冲absorb语义网络图absorbedadj

专心致志的；全神贯注的：Whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.2016北京(be)absorbedin:Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,healwaysforgetsallabouteatingorsleeping.2012北京改puton看图猜释义putonputonclothesputonaperformanceputataxonputonalotofweight穿上上演征收(税金等)增加

穿上；戴上反takeoff；抹：Remembertoputonmoreclothestokeepwarm.Protectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.2019全国

使运转；播放：Iputonthecarflashlightsanddroveonatareallylowspeed.2011广东Ididn’tseehimbutIheardhimputonhisfavouriteCD.puton

增加(gain)：He’sputonalotofweight.

上演(戏剧等)：WeonceputonaperformanceofHamlet.

征收(税金等)；施加(压力)；将……归咎：putataxonTheyputpressureonhertoresign.Heputtheblameforhisfailureonme.把……放在……上（基本义）把衣服等放在身上把光盘等放在设备上把体重等放在身体上把戏剧等放在舞台上把金钱加在某金额上把压力、责备等放在人身上穿上；戴上使运转；播放：增加上演(戏剧等)征收(税金等)；施加(压力)；将……归咎puton语义网络图把护肤品等放在脸上抹appeal各类软件的账户如果无法登陆时，我们会用到这一功能，以此账户申诉找回账户密码重新登陆。“账户申诉”英文为“AccountAppeal”。appeal词源解读ap-(=ad,to

去)+-pel(todrive

驱动、推进)

，将某人赶到、驱使到某事物上，即要“呼喊”“呼叫”(tocall)，基本义为“呼喊”“呼叫”。appeal

■v

vi呼吁；恳请：①

appeal(tosb)(forsth):Thepoliceareappealingtothepublicforanyinformationaboutthemissinggirl.②

appealtosbtodosth:Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosave

water.

vi

有吸引力；有感染力：Sporthasbecomeanimportantformofentertainment,appealingtobothmenandwomen.2011江西

vi&vt

上诉；申诉：She’snothappywiththedecisionandplanstoappeal.

vi

启发；激发：Theyneededtoappeal

to

his

sense

of

justice.

appeal

■n

[C]&[U]呼吁；恳请：

make/launchanappealformoneyandclothesTheorganizationhasmade/launched

an

appeal

tothepublicto

raise£150,000forthesickkid.

[U]吸引力；魅力：Smallcarsareeconomicaloffuel,sotheyhave/holdwide/popular/moreappealforconsumers.

[C]&[U]上诉；申诉；上诉权：Thesentencewasreducedtothreeyearsonappeal.appeal语义网络图“呼叫”某人做某事“呼叫”起某人的兴趣向法庭“呼叫”“呼叫”起某人的想法、情感等呼吁；恳请有吸引力；有感染力上诉；申诉启发；激发呼喊；呼叫(基本义)呼吁；恳请吸引力；魅力上诉；申诉；上诉权nvappealing

adj

有吸引力的；恳求的：Harry

Potterstoriesaresoappealingthattheyencouragechildrentoreadmore.Thepetdoglookedathermasterwithanappealing

andfrightenedlook.有哪些词可以表示有吸引力的，吸引眼球的？attractiveeye-catchingfascinatinginviting

breath-takingcharmingabsorbingappealingarrange&arrangementrange:范围、范畴；在一定范围内将人或者物按照一定的次序排列或者不超出某种范围，这就是动词arrange，它的基本义就是toplacethingsinorderarrange(fresh/artificial)flowersflowerarrangement插花用英语怎么说？arrange

v

vt

排列；整理toputsthinaparticularorder：Youcanarrangethingsfrombeginningtoend,smalltolargeorbysomeotherorder.2012

陕西

vt&vi安排；筹划：

Mydadarrangedsomeswimminglessonstosurpriseme.arrange(forsb/sth)todosth:（重点词块）Davearrangedforsomeonetodrivehimhome.

vt

编写/改编(乐曲)towriteorchangeapieceofmusic：writeandarrangemusicalcompositions具体熟词生义抽象arrange语义网络图排列arrange(基本义)安排；筹划排列；整理“排列”某物“排列”事情编写/改编（乐曲）“排列”音符arrangementn

[C]

[常用复数]

安排；筹备

aplanorpreparation：travelarrangementsOurcollegeistomakearrangementsforthemeeting.

[C]

[常用复数]安排方式

thewaythingsaredoneororganized：Theairportiscurrentlyreviewingitsnewsecurityarrangements.

[C]&[U]

排列；布置agroupofthingsthatareputinaparticularway：theseatingarrangements

[C]&[U]

商定；约定

sththathasbeenorganizedoragreedon(agreement)：Wehavecometoanarrangement—shegivesmearidetoschoolandIhelpherwithherEnglish.本单元金句汇总1.Theorymustbecombinedwith

practice.2.Ifyouworkhard,youwillovercomethisproblem.3.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,healwaysforgetsallabouteatingorsleeping.4.He’sputonalotofweight.5.Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosave

water.6.Sporthasbecomeanimportantformofentertainment,appealingtobothmenandwomen.7.Harry

Potterstoriesaresoappealingthattheyencouragechildrentoreadmore.8.Ourcollegeistomakearrangementsforthemeeting.随堂检测transform&transport写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.ThecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.(2018浙江) _____________2.Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport.(2014天津) _____________3.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.(2017全国) _____________4.ThefilmtransportsyoubacktoChinainthe1980s. _____________5.Itiseasytogoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.(2012陕西) _____________使改变交通方式运输使进入某种特定情境公共交通edge写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Don’tputthatglasssoneartheedgeofthetable._____________2.Hehandedmeaknifewithasharpedge._____________3.HavingspentayearinNewYork,shehopedshewouldhavetheedgeovertheotherlanguagestudents. _____________4.Heedgedclosertothetelephone,readytograbit._____________5.Thegamehadthecrowdontheedgeoftheirseats._____________6.Developmentsincomputerchip(芯片)designareatthecuttingedgeofthetechnologicalrevolution(革命). _____________边缘刀刃优势徐徐移动兴奋不已最前沿/尖端combine一、在空白处填入combine的正确形式。1.—Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.—Ican’tagreemore.It’sgreattohavethetwo__________.(2010福建)2.InrecentyearsanEnglishword“infosphere”hasappeared,____________thesenseof“information”and“atmosphere”.(2015福建)3.The____________weightoftheearth’sbacteriais400billiontons.4.IknowhowIachievedmysuccess.Itcamefromgoodplanningandbetterdoing___________.(2016浙江)5.The_____________ofFoxandDisneywillleadtobillionsofdollarsin“synergies”(合并).combinedcombinedcombined

combining

combination二、根据所给提示，用combine翻译下列句子。1.把工作和娱乐结合起来对你来说是件好事。(it作形式主语,business)________________________________________________________________________________________________2.我们仍在寻找兼具所有必要品质的人选。(定语从句)________________________________________________________________________________________________Wearestilllookingforsomeonewhocombinesallthenecessaryqualities.Itwillbeagoodthingforyoutocombinebusinessand/withpleasure.overcome根据所给提示，将下列句子译成英语。1.要不是老师们的支持，我无法克服这个困难。(2017江苏)Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,_____________________________________________.2.她终于克服了上课时的羞怯。(manage)______________________________________________________3.她激动得难以自持，有好几分钟说不出话来。(emotion)_____________________________,shefoundherselfunabletospeakforafewminutes.IcouldnotovercomethedifficultyOvercomewith/byemotionEventuallyshemanagedtoovercomehershynessinclass.absorb一、选出画线词的正确释义。a.理解 b.吸收

c.缓冲 d.吸引__________1.Whencondors(秃鹰)eatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead(铅),theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.(2016北京)__________2.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyabsorbwordsandimages(影像).(2015广东)__________3.Themovementandnoiseofthemachinesabsorbedhimcompletely.__________4.Jumpwithyourkneesbent,sotheyabsorblessimpact.badc二、将下列句子译成英语。1.由于专注于他的工作，他都没听到人们进来。__________________________________________________2.她坐在椅子上专注地看书。__________________________________________________三、选出画线词的正确释义。承担 b.消耗

c.并入

__________1.Defencespendingabsorbsalmost20%ofthecountry’swealth.__________2.Thecompanyisunabletoabsorbsuchhugelosses.__________3.Thesurrounding(周围的)smalltownshavebeenabsorbedintothecity.Absorbedinhiswork,hedidn’thearpeoplecomein.Shesatonthechair,absorbedinherbook.bac《麦克白》(Macbeth)是英国剧作家莎士比亚创作的戏剧，创作于1606年。讲述了利欲熏心的国王和王后对权力的贪婪及其统治最后被推翻的过程。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Iputon

handcreamwhenevermyhandsgetdry. __________2.Firstly,pleasedoremembertoputon

somecomfortableshoes.

(2016全国) ___________3.Thelocaldramaclubisputtingon

Macbeth. ___________4.Sheputon

somemusicwhiletheyate. ___________puton播放穿上

上演

涂抹/擦一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Besides,businessesseektoappealtocustomers’senses.(2015重庆) ______________2.RealityTVseemstoappeal

muchmoretotheyoungeraudience.(2008上海) ______________3.In1887,sheappealedtotheManitobaLegislature(立法机关)toissuealicence(执照)toherbutthey,too,refused.(2014山东) ______________

4.WhatIameagertodoistoraisepeople’sawarenessofanimalprotectionandappeal