Unit+4+Breaking+boundaries+Developing+ideas+Reading+课件【知识精讲精研】高二英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit4Period4Reading新课导入Whatdoyouknowaboutthepicture?课堂学习1Watchthevideoandanswerthequestions.1Howdidtheslaveownersregardtheirslaves?2Whatwasaslave’slifelike?Theydidn’tregardthemashumansbutasanimals,withoutrespectingthem.Dailylifeforaslaveinvolvedback-breakinglabour.Slaveshadtoworkalldaylongwithoutenoughrest.Theywereoftenphysicallyabusedbytheirownersandhadnolegalrights.1Howdidtheslaveownersregardtheirslaves?2Whatwasaslave’slifelike?TheWordsThatChangedANation1Onagreyafternoonon19November1863,atall,thinmanmountedaplatforminafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvaniaandbegantospeak.Theplacewasthesiteofarecentbattlewherethousandsofsoldiershaddied.ThemanwasAbrahamLincoln,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andhewasthereinmemoryofthesoldierswhohaddied.Thespeechhegavewasjust268wordslongandlastedtwominutes.Butthisaddresstothecrowdchangedthemindsofhispeopleandhelpedshapeanation.2

Atthattime,Americawasbitterlydivided.Fortwoyears,itspeoplehadbeendeepinacivilwarbetweentheslave­owningConfederateSouthernStatesandthe“free”NorthernStatesoftheUnion.TheworstbattlelastedthreedaysandtookplaceatGettysburgin1863.TheUnionsidewon,butatagreatcost.Over50,000soldierswerekilledorwounded,andpeoplelosthopeandpurpose.Whatwasallthissufferingfor?3

Lincolnunderstoodthefeelingsofthecivilianpeople.Hisspeechgavethemhope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.HegavethemanewvisionofwhattheUnitedStatesofAmericashouldbe,basedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers87yearsbefore.Itwaswhatthesoldiershaddiedfor.NowitwasuptothelivingtoremovenotonlythedivisionsbetweenNorthandSouth,buttheboundariesbetweenblackandwhite,andworkstepbysteptowardstheequalityofhumankind.4

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforth,uponthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.5

Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynation,soconceived,andsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemethereonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofitasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.6Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesayhere,butcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus,theliving,rathertobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheyhave,thusfar,sonoblycarriedon.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus-thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheyheregavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion-thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain;thatthisnationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.(“TheGettysburgAddress”byAbrahamLincoln)2Lookatthetitleandskimthepassage.Choosethebookinwhichyouwouldmostlikelyfindthepassage.Skimming1ThePowerofSpeech2FamousUSPresidents3GreatBattlesinHistoryReadthepassagequickly,divideitintopartsandtelleachpart'smainidea.ScanningThesettingoftheaddressThebackgroundeventoftheaddressThemaincontentoftheaddress“TheGettysburgAddress”byAbrahamLincolnPart1Para.1Part2Para.2Part3Para.3Part4Para.4-Para.63Organiseinformationfromthepassageandcompletethenotes.CarefulreadingAnswers:1On19November1863,inafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvania2TheBattleofGettysburgin1863,whichresultedinover50,000casualties.3ItwasanewnationconceivedinLibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal./Itaimedatbringingfreedomtothepeopleandwasbasedontheprinciplethatallmenarecreatedequal.4ItwouldtestwhetheranationconceivedinLibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequalcanlongendure.5Theygavetheirlivessothattheirnationmightlive.Theywerebravemenwhosestruggleshadconsecratedtheground.6Thatthisnationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom;andthatthisgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.7Thelivingshouldbededicatedtothetask.ThinkShare1WhatwasLincoln’spurposeingivingthespeech?2Lincolntalksaboutthegovernment“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.Whatdoesthismean?3Whatotherspeechescanyouthinkofthatstresstheimportanceofbreakingboundaries?4Whateffortstobreakboundariesaredescribedinthetworeadingpassageintheunit?1WhatwasLincoln’spurposeingivingthespeech?2Lincolntalksaboutthegovernment“ofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.Whatdoesthismean?3Whatotherspeechescanyouthinkofthatstresstheimportanceofbreakingboundaries?4Whateffortstobreakboundariesaredescribedinthetworeadingpassageintheunit?Hewantedtogivethepeoplehope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.“Ofthepeople”meansthatgovernmentshouldbemadeupofordrawnfromthepeople;“bythepeople”meansthatgovernmentshouldberunbyordinarypeople;“forthepeople”meansthatgovernmentshoulduseitspowerforthepeople'sbenefit.“Ihaveadream”byMartinLutherKing.Inthefirstpassage,doctorsorotherpeopleofdifferentbackgroundsworkedtogethertosavepeopleindanger.Inthesecondpassage,LincolncalledonthepeopleoftheUnitedStatestostriveforafreenationwhereallmenareequal.LearningtolearnInEnglish,prepositionscanbeusedtoshowideasinaclearandconciseway.Anexampleiswithinthespeech:“governmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople”.4Workingroups.GiveatalkaboutthesignificanceofabolishingslaveryintheUS.1Organiseyourideasbyansweringthequestions.•WhatwastheUSlikebeforeslaverywasabolished?•Howwasitdifferentafterwards?•Inwhatwaysdidtheabolitionofslaveryhelptobreakboundaries?2Doresearchtofindmoreevidencetosupportyourideas.3Giveyourtalktotheclass.•WhatwastheUSlikebeforeslaverywasabolished?TheUSwasdividedintostatesintheNorththatprohibitedslavery,andstatesintheSouthwhichallowedslaveryanddependeduponslaveryeconomically.Slaverywasaverycruelinstitution,andcausedgreathumansufferinginthestatesthatpermittedit.RelianceonslaveryalsomadetheSouthlesstechnologicallyadvancedthantheNorth.•Howwasitdifferentafterwards?Slaveswerefreedandwereregardedasequalunderthelaw,atleastintheory.Inpractice,blackAmericanscontinuedtosuffergreatdiscriminationintheSouthforthenexthundredyears,untilthebirthofthemoderncivilrightsmovementinthe1960s.ThelegacyofslaverycontinuestoaffectracerelationsintheUStoday.•Inwhatwaysdidtheabolitionofslaveryhelptobreakboundaries?Theabolitionofslaverymadeformerslavesandtheirformermastersequalbeforethelaw.Thiswasthefirststeptowardstrueequality.Nowthinkabouteffectivewaystofindinformationtosupportyourideas.Languagepoints1.Onagreyafternoonon19November1863,atall,thinmanmountedaplatforminafieldinGettysburg,Pennsylvaniaandbegantospeak.1863年11月19日一个阴沉的下午，一个又高又瘦的人登上宾夕法尼亚州葛底斯堡田野的一个讲台，开始演讲。

mountvt.走上，登上，爬上，攀登vi.逐步增加n.[C](用作山名的一部分）……山，……峰（此时常写作Mount，缩写形式为Mt.)mountQomolangma登上珠穆朗玛峰mountthestairs/steps走上楼梯mounttheplatform登上讲台词义拓展：mountadiamondinaplatinumring（镶嵌）Thecameraismountedto/onatripod（安装）mountanattack（发起）mountanexhibition（举办）mountaplay（上演）2.Theplacewasthesiteofarecentbattlewherethousandsofsoldiershaddied.不久前，这个地方曾爆发了一场战斗，成千上万的士兵丧生于此。此处是关系副词where引导的限制性定语从句，修饰thesite。3.ThemanwasAbrahamLincoln,PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,andhewasthereinmemoryofthesoldierswhohaddied.

这个人就是亚伯拉罕·林肯，时任美国总统，他在那里纪念牺牲的士兵。(1)“President...America”作AbrahamLincoln的同位语。President在此处表示“独一无二”的职务，其前用零冠词。(2)inmemoryof为纪念……haveagoodmemoryforsth.善于记……bringbackmemories使回想起往事ifmymemoryservesmewell/correctly如果我没有记错的话

归纳拓展：

inhonourof为向……表示敬意

infavourof赞成，支持

incelebrationof为庆祝……

insupportof支持

indefenceof保卫；为辩护

insearchof寻找

inneedof需要

inchargeof负责，掌管

inpossessionof拥有

inplaceof代替(3)who引导定语从句，修饰thesoldiers。4.Thespeechhegavewasjust268wordslongandlastedtwominutes.

他的演讲只有268个单词，持续了2分钟。hegave为定语从句，修饰Thespeech，从句省略了关系代词that或which.5.Butthisaddresstothecrowdchangedthemindsofhispeopleandhelpedshapeanation.但这一对群众的演讲改变了他的人民的想法，帮助塑造了一个国家。(1)addressn.演讲；演说deliveranaddress/speech/lecture发表演说e.g.Thepresidentwilldeliveranaddressabouttheschoolenvironment.

校长将就学校的环境状况发表演讲。

addressv.

做演讲e.g.SheaddressedaconferencebeforeleavingforBeijingyesterday.

昨天在去北京之前，她在一场会议上发表了演讲。(2)shapev.

塑造e.g.Likeitornot,ourfamiliesshapeourlivesandmakeuswhoweare.

不管喜欢与否，我们的家庭塑造我们的生活并铸就我们的个性。6.TheUnionsidewon,butatagreatcost.邦联州赢得了这次战争，却也付出了惨重代价。

atthecostof=atthepriceof以……的价格/代价atallcost(s)不惜任何代价atanycost在任何情况下，无论如何7.Hisspeechgavethemhope,beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.他的演讲给了他们希望、信念和展望未来的理由。(1)lookto展望；指望；注意looktothefuture展望未来looktosb.forsth.指望某人提供某物looktosb.todosth.指望某人做某事looktosth.注意/留心某事（物）(2)“

tolooktothefuture”为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰areason。8.HegavethemanewvisionofwhattheUnitedStatesofAmericashouldbe,basedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers87yearsbefore.

他给予了他们一个新的愿景，那就是依照87年前开国元勋的理念，美利坚合众国本应成为的样子。

本句是主从复合句。其中“whatthe...shouldbe”为what引导的宾语从句，作of的宾语，what在从句中作表语。“basedon...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作状语，“setdownby...before”为过去分词短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰theideals。9.Itwaswhatthesoldiershaddiedfor.这就是士兵们为之牺牲的原因。(1)what引导表语从句，在从句中作宾语。(2)diefor为……献出生命，为……而死diefrom/of因……而死dieout灭绝dieaway(声音、风或光等)逐渐消失，逐渐减弱diedown逐渐变弱：逐渐平息dieoff相继死去，先后死去（直至死光）bedyingforsth./todosth.极想要某物/渴望做某事10.NowitwasuptothelivingtoremovenotonlythedivisionsbetweenNorthandSouth,buttheboundariesbetweenblackandwhite,andworkstepbysteptowardstheequalityofhumankind.现在，活着的人不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，而且要消除黑人与白人之间的界限，一步步地努力实现人类的平等。(1)本句中it为形式主语，不定式短语“toremove...humankind”为真正的主语；“notonly...South，but...white”为notonly...but(also)...连接的并列成分，作remove的宾语。(2)divisionn.分开；分裂；部门；除法divisionbetween/within/among...……之间的分歧thecompany'ssalesdivision公司销售部thedivisionsign除号dividevt.&vi.（使）分开，分成……divide...into...把……分成……11.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforth,uponthiscontinent,anewnation,conceivedinLiberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.

87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，献身于人人生而平等的理想。(1)“conceivedinLiberty”为过去分词短语，“dedicatedto...equal”为形容词短语，二者并列作后置定语；“thatall...equal”为that引导的同位语从句，作theproposition的同位语。(2)bringforth产生；发表；生孩子e.g.Theseeffortswillsurelybringforthgoodfruit.这些努力必将产生良好的结果。(3)dedicateone'stime/life/oneselfto(doing)sth.把……献给……（to是介词）dedicatedadj.有奉献精神的dedicationn.献身，奉献12.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynation,soconceived,andsodedicated,canlongendure.现在我们正陷入一场伟大的内战之中，它考验着这个国家，或者任何一个生于自由、对上述理想深信不疑的国家，能否长久生存下去。(1)beengagedin从事，忙于engageindoingsth.积极参与做某事beengagedtosb.与某人订婚(2)“testing...endure”现在分词短语作定语，修饰civilwar；

whether引导宾语从句。13.Wearemethereonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.我们在这场战争的大战场上聚集。

Wearemet相当于Wehavemet，是一种比较古老、有诗意的用法。14.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofitasafinalrestingplacefor

thosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.我们来到这里，是为了将其中的一部分奉献给那些为这个国家的生存而献出生命的人们，作为他们的最后安息之地。

此处是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰those；“thatthatnationmightlive”是sothat引导的目的状语从句，so已省略，第二个that为指示代词，thatnation指上文提到的anewnation。15.

Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.

我们这样做是完全应当且非常恰当的。

It作形式主语；that引导主语从句。16.Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate-wecannotconsecrate-wecannothallowthisground.但是，从更广泛意义上来说，我们不能献出——不能圣化——不能神化这块土地。

(1)inalargesense从更广泛的意义上来说。

e.g.Inalargersense,successistheabilitytoachieveyourdreamsandgoalsineachimportantareaofyourlife,ratherthanonlyineducationandwork.从更广泛意义上来说，成功不单是学习和工作中达成梦想和目标的能力，而是在生活中每个重要的领域达成梦想和目标的能力。(2)重复用了三次wecannot，旨在加深听众的印象，抒发强烈的情感，这种修辞法称为首语重复（anaphora）。常用于演讲稿和诗歌等文学作品中。17.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.

那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论是活着的还是死去的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。

who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰Thebravemen。18.Theworldwilllittl