2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三上学期期末英语试卷

2022-2023学年北京市石景山区高三上学期期末英语试卷1.Asabiologistandphotographer,Ialwaystakemycameraeverywheretotakepicturesofwildanimals.Oneday,Iwasstandingonaboatwhenaverylargefemaleleopardseal(海豹)swamby.Iputonmydivingequipmentandgrabbedmy_________.Iwasfrightenedbecauseshewassobig.Mymouthwasdry,andIcouldn’teven_________.ButIknewitwastimeto_________thismysteriouscreature.Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.Immediately,thesealswamtowardsme.Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.Thinkingthismustbeasignof_________,Idecidedtostayverycalm.Althoughthesealwasshowingmeherteeth,Itriednotto_________anyfear.Shediditafewmoretimes,andthenswamaway.Tomy_________,shecamebackwithalivepenguin.Andsheevenshowedmehowtoeatit.Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!Beingabiologist,Iunderstoodthatshewastryingto_________me.ButIthoughtthatshewasreallytryingtocommunicatewithme.Atthispoint,shedidn’tseemvery_________.Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.And,moreimportantly,I’velearnedthatanimalsdonotalwaysbehavethewaywe_________.Ibelievethe__________experienceIhadwiththispowerfulandintelligentanimalwillstaywithmeforever.1.A．knifeB．bagC．cameraD．gun2.A．escapeB．makeC．moveD．fight3.A．approachB．adoptC．imagineD．rescue4.A．respectB．sympathyC．rewardD．threat5.A．confirmB．exposeC．overcomeD．reduce6.A．satisfactionB．regretC．surpriseD．sorrow7.A．feedB．comfortC．attackD．assess8.A．reliableB．dangerousC．sensitiveD．ambitious9.A．admireB．promiseC．demandD．expect10.A．confusingB．similarC．incredibleD．bitter2.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenIwas14,myfatherandItookabiketriptoexploretheSidelingHillTunnel(隧道).Afterwe1(enter)thedarktunnel,Ishonemyflashlightaroundandsawwallscoveredingraffiti(涂鸦).2Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideoutintothatbrightafternoonatlast.Thistripalwaysremindsmeofmyfather,3givesmethecouragetokeepridingthroughlife’sdarktunnels.3.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Bandung,oneofIndonesia’smajorcities,isonly150kilometersfromJakarta,thecapital,butthedriveisatanaverageofthreehoursevenwithafreeway1(connect)thetwocities.Fortunately,ahigh-speedrailway2(fund)byChinaisduetoopenin2023,andthehours-longtravel3(cut)to40minutes.ItispartofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,andforIndonesia,thebeginningofabrandnewnetworkoftransportationacrossthecountry.4.阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。WhenKurtBenirschkestartedcollectingskin1(sample)fromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveaclearplanon2couldbedonewiththem.HethensetupacollectionbankcalledtheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,3hiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’s4(large)animalcryobank,withgeneticmaterialsfromover10,500animals.In2020,ababyhorseknownas“Kurt”wasborn,clonedusingcellsfromtheFrozenZoo.5.Tailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.Chooseyourpreferredcity,andyou’llstudywithandbefriendotherinternationalstudents.OurEnglishLearningProgrammes·LearnEnglishinUniversitiesCourseshavebeendevelopedinpartnershipwithfamousuniversitiesinAustraliatoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills.Youwillgettoexperiencecampuslifeabroad.·SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeTheseintensiveEnglishclassesarehostedindifferentlanguageschoolsalongtheeastcoast.Talktoourprogrammeadviserstochoosethebestlocation.·One-on-OneTutoringOurprogrammeorganizestailoredlearningexperiencesbasedonyourEnglishlearninggoals.YouwillliveinlocalfamiliesandhavechancestopractiseyouroralEnglish.·HighSchoolStudyAbroadTherearefewthingsinlifewhichcanmakeyoufeelmoregrown-uplikelivingandlearninginanothercountry.Packthiswithmanyfunculturalactivities.AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.FourstepstogetintoourEnglishlearningprogrammesStepOne:Reviewtheprogrammeinformationandcompleteouronlineapplicationformtogettheballrolling.StepTwo:Youwillhavea15-mininterviewwithyourprogrammeadvisertodiscussyourinterests,needs,destinationandduration.Withinthreedaysaftertheinterview,theadviserwillbeintouchbyemailtoletyouknowifyourapplicationhasbeensuccessful.Ifso,we’llsendyouaformaloffer.StepThree:Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogramme,you’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.Oncethishasbeendone,we’llsendyouthedocumentscontainingalltheinformationyou’llneedregardingyourstudytrip.StepFour:Onceyourflightshavebeenbooked,letusknowyourarrivaldetailssothatwecanorganizeairportpick-up.We’llbeexcitedtowelcomeyoutoourprogrammeinperson!1.IfHenrywantstotryabiologyclasstaughtinEnglish,hemayjoinin________.A．LearnEnglishinUniversitiesB．SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeC．One-on-OneTutoringD．HighSchoolStudyAbroad2.Whatshouldapplicantsdoafterreceivingaformaloffer?A．Replytotheletterandpaythecostforthestudytrip.B．Getintouchwiththeorganizertoconfirmthedestination.C．Reviewprogrammeinformationtoprepareforaninterview.D．Providetheprogrammeadviserwithpersonalneedsandgoals.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage?A．PeopleplanningtoimprovetheirEnglish.B．PeoplewillingtoapplyforEnglishteachingjobs.C．Peopleaimingtohelplearnersgoabroad.D．PeoplelovingtoshareEnglishlearningexperiences.6.Inmyeyes,mymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解开)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforall-beefLasagna.Igaveherverysimpleverbal(口头的)instructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineandtypein“recipeforall-beefLasagna.”Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(图标).Iwentovertothecomputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Ikeyedinthecorrectspelling.Yetanotherfifteenminuteswentbyagainwhenmymothergingerlytappedmyshoulder.Istormednextdoorwithoutbotheringtohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowtoscrolldownthepage.Whathadinitiallyseemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingherembarrassment,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?1.Theauthor’smothercouldn’tfindtherecipeonlinemainlybecauseshewas________.A．unfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternetB．givenunclearinstructionsbytheauthorC．toodependentonherfamilymembersD．impatientatsearchingfortherecipe2.Whydidtheauthorprinttherecipesforhismotheratlast?A．Becausehewaspleasedtohelphismotherout.B．Becausehedidn’twanthismothertobeembarrassed.C．Becausehewasfedupwithhismother’sinterruption.D．Becausehethoughthismotherfavoredtheprintedversion.3.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A．Itiswisetoteachothersbyexamples.B．Forgivingothersisequaltoblessingoneself.C．Patienceandperseverancewillbefinallyrewarded.D．Puttingyourselfinothers’shoesisthekeytounderstanding.7.Thetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.Buteventheadvancedhuman-machineinterfaces(人机交互)usedtodayareunabletotrickthelistenersintothinkingacomputerisahuman.Whyisthis?Simplyput,it’sbecausehumanbeingsrelyonmorethanwordstoconveyideasorinterpretmessages,suchastones,facialexpressions,bodymovements,andobjectsintheworldaroundthem.Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon’tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven’tbeenpractisingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans,suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy(侵犯隐私)．Whenpeopleusecertainspeech-recognitionapplications,theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections,yourspeechissentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitaltrailmayleadtodatamining,orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow,however,thecontinuingevolutionofspeech-recognitionsoftwareisworthexpecting.Leadingcompaniesinthefieldhopetomakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible,justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanaVPAdo?A．Entertainuserswithoriginaljokes.B．Makepeopleregarditasahuman.C．Holdpreprogrammedconversations.D．Displaytherighttonesinconversations.2.Whichsituationreflectstheconcernsmentionedinthepassage?A．OneVPAservicewaspricedhigherforprotectingusers’privacy.B．AnairlineborehighcostsforapplyingVPAstoitsonlineservice.C．Anappfailedtooffertherightdirectionwhengivenspokeninstructions.D．SometeenagersbecamemoresociallyawkwardduetotheaddictiontoVPAs.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toinformreadersofthedouble-edgedqualityofanewtechnology.B．Toinspirereaderstoexplorethefutureofanewtechnology.C．Topromotetheapplicationofanewtechnology.D．Tostresstheconvenienceofanewtechnology.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheworriesoverVPAs.B．Talkingtotechnology.C．Theworldoftechnology.D．Listeningto“arealperson.”8.Apersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscription-based(订阅)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansbegantoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress,andthetraditionalsubscription-basedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,oneofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:OneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlan-S.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetocomplainthatPlan-Sdeprives(剥夺)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystembeganin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean?A．Uncertain.B．Rooted.C．Limited.D．Popular.2.WhatisthecoreoffailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A．Thedurationofthecontract.B．Thewayofpayment.C．Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.D．Thechoiceoflicensedjournals.3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Academicswelcomeopenaccessmodelwithfullheart.B．Openaccessmodelwillsoonachieveadominantposition.C．Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.D．Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A．Critical.B．Supportive.C．Disapproving.D．Indifferent.9.WhyWeListentoMusicwithLyrics(歌词)WeDon’tUnderstandFromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.1.Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.Butwhy?Itallstartswithwhat’scalled“soundsymbolism(语音表意),”whichreferstothestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenutterances(发声)andtheirmeaning.Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.2.Thismightexplainwhywearefondofasongevenwithoutknowingitslyrics.3.Oneexampleofsuchtechniquesisscale(音阶).Songsinmajorscalesarebrighterorhappier,whileminorscalesusuallysoundslightlydarkerorbluer.Ourbrainiswiredtorespondtoacertainsound,andourbreathingandevenourmovementgowiththesoundwehear.4.Besides,elementsofsoundandmusic,likepitch,melodyorharmony,alsohaveanaffective,emotional,andevenphysicalimpactonlisteners.Throughacomplexoftheseelements,musicaddssomuchmeaninganddimensiontolyrics.Thatistosay,thecombinationofallthesecreatesthemeaningfarbeyondthelyrics’dictionarymeaning.5.Lyricsarepowerfultoolsforhelpingusrecognise,expressandreflectouremotions.Allinall,there’svalueinwhateverimmediateappealwefindinthemusicwelistento,whetherornotweunderstandthewords.Music,afterall,isauniversallanguage.A．Theinterrelationshipofmelodyandpitchisimportant.B．Thisiswhyfast-pacedmusicissopopularforrunning.C．Ofcourse,thisisn’ttoignoretheimportanceoflyricsinmusic.D．Thingslikeamusician’simagealsohelpconveymeaningthroughsongs.E．So,whenlisteningtoaforeignsong,weenjoythelyricsassoundsandnotwords.F．Itseemsthatnotknowingthelanguageofthelyricsdoesn’tstopusfromlikingasong.G．Somemusicaltechniquesandelementscanalsohelpconveycertainmoodsandmessages.10.阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。HowtoStopOverthinkingWeallhavetimeswhenweworry,whetherit’saboutwork,health,family,relationshipsorahostofotherreasons.Butisthereapointwhenyoumaythinkandworrytoomuch?Overthinkingisanunhealthyhabitthattypicallycausesmorestressbyfocusingonthenegativeinsteadofcomingupwithlogicalsolutions.Forexample,wemaystartworryingaboutaspecificsituationatwork,whichleadstoworryingaboutmoneyorlosingjobs.Butwhydowetendtooverthink?Thisisoftenduetocognitiveerrors,whicharebasicallyerrorsinlogicalthinking,suchasall-or-nothingthinkingandovergeneralisation.Althoughoverthinkingishardtobreak,NatachaDuke,aregisteredpsychotherapist,outlinesstrategiesthatcanhelp.“Healthydistractioncanbeuseful,”saysDuke.Activitieslikereadingandtakingawalkcanhelpkeepourstress