【新教材】外研版(2019)高中英语必修第三册知识点总结汇编

第第页【新教材】外研版（2019）高中英语必修第三册知识点总结汇编Unit1Disappointedbyhisbehaviour,Isaidallthistomybestfriend.Iwasjustlettingoffstream...过去分词做状语，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when,while,if,though,asif,unless等,表时间，条件，让步，方式等。过去分词(短语)做状语，表1时间，2原因，3条件，4让步，5方式或者伴随1Askedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,hemadenoanswer.=Whenhewasaskedabouthisimpressionoftheapartment,...2Seriouslyinjured,hehadtobetakentothehospital.=Becausehewasseriouslyinjured,hehadto...3United,westand;divided,wefall.=Ifweareuntied,westand;ifwearedivided,wefall.团结则存，分裂则亡。4Rejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.=Thoughhewasrejectedmanytimes,hedidn’tloseheart.5Theboyslidoutofhisroom,followedbyhiepetdog.=Theboyslidoutofhisroomandwasfollowedbyhispetdog.过去分词(短语)做状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。如果主语不一致，要在分词前加上逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.有些过去分词已形容词化，做状语时表示主语的某种情绪或者状态。常见的形容词化的过去分词有Satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。First,apologisetoyourteammate...Then,talktoyourfriend...Thirdly,thinkaboutyourownbehaviour.Firstly...andlater...First...second...third...Firstly...secondly...thirdly...It’sadj./n.+todosth.做某事是的It’snoteasyforanyonetosaysorry.It’snotagoodideatocriticisesomeoneinfrontofothers.It’sbelievedthat...人们相信...,有人认为...It’sbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.人们认为情商扮演的角色比智商更重要。It’sbelievedthatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ=PeoplebelievethatEQplaysanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.=EQisbelievedtoplayanevenmoreimportantrolethanIQ.It’sreportedthat...据报道It'sannouncedthat...据宣布It’sconsideredthat...人们认为It'shopedthat...人们希望It’sthoughtthat...人们认为It’sbelievedthat...人们相信It’ssuggestedthat...有人建议Stopforamomentandconsiderthatperhapsyourfriendwantssomefrankcommentsfromyousothattheycanimprove.(sothat引导的目的状语从句)Sothat既可以引导目的状语从句，还可以引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便，为了”相当于inorderthat，从句中往往有will/would/can/could/may/might等情态V，表明动作尚未发生。引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此，所以”，从句中不用情态V.Perhapsthemealyousaidwas“delicious”willbeservedeverytimeyouvisit.Every/eachtime意为“每次”，名词词组，可做连词，引导时间状从。可做连词，含time的名词词组：ThefirsttimeThesecondtime(the)lasttime(the)nexttimeAnytimeBythetimeThemoreindependentyouare,thebetteryourlifewillbe.The+比较级(+主谓)，the+比较级(+主谓)前者表条件，后者表结果。Themore,thebetter.多多益善。Theharderyoustudy,themoreprogressyouwillmake.你学习越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。Themorepositiveanarticlewas,themorelikelyitwastobeshared.Unit2AllIcandois(to)rideatricycleandmakemoneyforthestudents.(allIcando=allthatIcando(that在从句中做宾语，可以省略)=whatIcando)当主语含有do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略toTheonlythingforyoutodonowis(to)apologize.Allyouneedtodois(to)showyourperseverance.Knowingthatthekidsnowhavemoneyforschooliswhatkeepsmegoingandgivesmemoreenergy.知道孩子们现在有钱上学是让我坚持下去的理由，并给了我更多的力量。What=allthat=thethingsthat=anythingthatWhat引导的名词性从句=先行词+that引导的定语从句GoingtoBeijingUniversityiswhatI’vebeendreamingof.上北京大学是我一直梦寐以求的。havetroubledoingsth.做某事有困难Ryanhadtroublebelievingthewordsspokenbyhisteacherthat...瑞安难以相信老师说的话Trouble,difficulty前可用some,no,little,much等修饰havetrouble(in)doingsth.中，介词in可省略做某事有困难havetroublewithsth.havetrouble(in)doingsth.haveproblemswithsth.haveproblems(in)doingsth.haveahard/difficulttime(in)doingsth.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.So...that..如此以至于Andwhyisthewatersodirtythatitmakesthemsick?为什么水这么脏以至于让她们生病？so...that.../such...thatso后接形容词或副词，such后接名词(短语)，但当名词前有many/much/few/little时，要用soNotonly...butalsoWeneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.notonly...butalso...是并列连词，连接两个对等的成分，如主语，谓语，宾语，表语，状语等等，还可连接两个分句。notonly...butalso连接两个主语时，强调的是后面的主语，因此谓语应和后面的主语在人称和数量上保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。Notonly...butalso连接两个分句时，且notonly位于句首时，notonly分句用部分倒装语序.Eg.Notonlydotheteachershavetheirownideasonthematter,butthestudentshavetheirstoo.also有时可省略，或将also换成too，aswell(位于句末)13.have/hasbeendoing一直在（现在完成进行时）Now,UNICEFhasbeenworkingtoimprovethelivesofchildrenandtheirfamiliesacross190countriesandterritories.have/hasbeendoing:表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。现在完成时VS现在完成进行时I'vebeenwritinganovel.过去发生，延续到现在，还在进行I'vewrittenanovel.过去发生，已经完成14.过去分词作定语1）单个过去分词作定语时，通常在被修饰词之前Thegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.地上满是落叶Peopleshouldn’tbeexposedtopollutedwater.人们不应该接触被污染了的水。2）过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplansupportedbymostpeople.=Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplanwhichwassupportedbymostpeople.我被要求执行一个多数人支持的计划。不及物动词，只表示完成，不表被动；aretiredteacher退休教师fallenleaves落叶Therisensun升起的太阳及物动词，表示被动或完成Anhonoredguest一位受尊敬的客人Deeplymovedpeople深受感动的人们Thebrokenglass碎了的杯子Thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别语态上不同，现在分词表主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义Thewomanstandingbesidehimishissecretary.(woman和stand是主动的关系)Sheshowedmethebookrecommendedbytheprofessor（book和recommend是被动的关系）时间关系上的不同，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示动作已经完成thechangingworld正在发生变化的世界thechangedworld已经变化了的世界thefallingleaves正在下落的树叶thefallenleaves落叶as引导的状语从句和定语从句AshockedWintonwatchedasthemajorityofpeoplerosetotheirfeet.温顿震惊的望着大多数人站了起来。AstheChinesesayinggoes,“Akind-heartedpersonlivesalonglife.”中国有句俗话叫“好人长寿”。as引导的时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作的同时性。AsourcarapproachedMountHuang,itsloweddown.我们的车接近黄山时，速度慢了下来。as引导的原因状语从句Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyourcredit.按时缴付电费很重要，因为晚交可能会影响你的信用。as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然，即使”（从句需倒装）1.Coldasitis,myelderbrotherwearsonlyashirt.尽管天气很冷，我哥哥只穿了一件衬衫。2.Hotasitwas,thekidsplayedfootballontheplayground.尽管天气很热，孩子们还是在操场上踢足球。3.Childasheis,heknowsalotaboutspaceexploration.尽管他还是个孩子，但他对太空的探索了解很多。4.Hardastheytried,theycouldn'tmakeherchangehermind.尽管他们做了很大的努力，却没法让他改变主意。5.Tryashemight,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.尽管他想法设法，却未能解决这个问题。6.Muchashelikedher,heleftherfinally.尽管他很喜欢她，可最后他还是离开了他。as引导的方式状语从句，意为“以方式”TheydidasIhadasked.as引导的比较状语从句，意为“像一样”JohncameasearlyasMarydid.as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像”Asisknowntousall,theInternetplaysaveryimportantpartinourlifeandwork.众所周知，互联网在我们的工作和生活中起着重要的作用as引导的定语从句的几个常用固定句式：asisknowntoall...aswecansee(fromhisaccent)asyouknowasismentionedaboveUnit3非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明，补充额外信息，如果省略，句意仍然清晰完整。而限制性定语从句，对先行词限定修饰，缩小范围。Afaintbluelightshotacrossit,darkeningtopurple,andpresentlyshecouldseetheimageofherson,wholivedontheothersideoftheearth.一道微弱的蓝光射过了它，变暗至紫色。过了一会，她就看见了他儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也看见了她。Ihavedaughterwhoisadoctor.限制性我有一个当医生的女儿Ihaveadaughter,whoisadoctor.非限制性我有一个女儿，她是个医生Theway+定语从句Lookatthepicturesandtalkabouthowthewaywelivehaschangedovertime.看图片，谈谈我们的生活方式是如何随着时间而改变的。theway+(that/inwhich+)定语从句find+宾语+宾补发现/觉得...怎么样see,hear,watch,notice,have,get,make+宾语+宾补Andnow,wefindourselvesinthegreatnewageoftechnology.现在，我们发现自己正处在伟大的新技术时代。find+n./pron.+介词短语wetriedtohelpherbutfoundheroutoftrouble.find+n./pron.+adj.Ifindmyknowledgeoftheprojectlimited.find+n./pron.+advWhenwegothome,wefoundallthelightson.find+n./pron.+n.You’llfinditafrighteningexploration.find+n./pron.+分词Wewentbackhome,findingourdogfixingitseyesonaninsect.总结，find后接省去了谓语动词的主系表/主谓宾结构。Themandownstairsfoundithardtofallasleep.Find+it+宾补+todoit形式宾语，todo逻辑宾语强调句Sowhatisitthatinspiresustoinventthings?那是什么激励我们去发明东西呢？Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩余部分（is还是was根据原句时态而定）去掉itwas/isthat/who,能还原成完整的句子，则为强调句，否则就不是。强调除谓语外的成分Wemetagreatscientistintheparkyesterday.Itwaswethat/whometagreatscientistintheparkyesterday.Itwasagreatscientistthat/whowemetintheparkyesterday.Itwasintheparkthatwemetagreatscientistyesterday.Itwasyesterdaythatwemetagreatscientistinthepark.强调谓语的固定结构：do/does/did/does+动词原形What引导的主语从句+is+that引导的表语从句Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate,andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.但依然重要的是，我们有一种强烈的欲望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。What引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。what引导主语从句时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，有含义；that引导主语从句时，在从句中不做任何成分，没有意义，只起连接作用，不能省略；which(ever)引导的主语从句，多表示哪一个，那些，通常有一个选择的范围。If或者whether引导的宾语从句Peoplewantedtoknowiflightningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.是否含义时，Whether>if,if只能用于动词后的宾从1.Iwonderif/whetherhecomesback.宾从2.Whetherhecomesbackremainsunknown.主从whether/if引导的名词性从句：whether/if只起连接作用，在句中不作成分。不能使用if的情况：1.表语从句、同位语从句中，不用使用if;2.名词性从句位于句首时，不用if;3.从句中有or/ornot时，不用if;4.从句作介词的宾语，不用ifNeither...nor...However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.然而，这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。Neither...nor连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。就近原则：either...or...,Notonly,butalsoNot...but...Thereisnoproofthat...Thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.That引导的同位语从句同位语从句一般由that,wh-类连接词引导，常放在doubt,fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,thought等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词的具体的内容。That无意义，不充当句子成分。现在完成时的被动语态Have/hasbeendoneHave/hasnotbeendoneHas/have+主语+beendone?特殊疑问词+has/have+主语+beendone?常与现在完成时连用的状语already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止Inrecentyears在最近几年in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears在过去的几年里borrow,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示时间段的状语连用。Unit4Thisis/That'swhyIguessthat’swhysheattractssomanyvisitorseveryday.我想这就是她每天吸引这么多游客的原因。That’swhyThat’sbecauseThereasonwhy...isthat...(why引导的定语从句，修饰thereason)It’stimetodosth.Andnow,it’stimetogetupcloseandpersonalwithonethegreatestartists--Rembrandt.It’stimetogotobed.(不定式作定语)It’stimeforustoleaveforhome.(带逻辑主语的不定式作定语)It’s(high/about)timethatsb.didsth.It’s(high/about)timethatsb.shoulddosth.某人该做某事了asif(=asthough)Theyreallydoreachouttousacrossthecenturiesasiftimeitselfwerenothing.它们真的是跨越了几个世纪向我们伸出了援手，彷佛时间本身无关紧要。asif从句，事实真实，用陈述语气，若与事实相反，用虚拟语气对现在情况的虚拟，一般过去时对过去情况的虚拟，过去完成时asif从句的省略，当主从主语一致，谓语中含be动词，从句的主语和be动词可省略。YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.=YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifyouareguidedbyadentist.Everywhere引导的地点状语从句...becausepeoplearecreatingiteverywhereyoulook.Everywhere作从属连词，意为“无论哪里”，相当于wherever,引导地点状从。Wherevershegoes,peopleseemtorecogniseher.无论她走到哪里，人们都能认出她。现在进行时的被动语态肯定式：主语+is/am/are+beingdone否定式：主语+is/am/are+not+beingdone特殊疑问式：疑问词++is/am/are+主语+beingdone用法表示正在进行的被动动作Thesportsmeetingisbeingheldonourschool.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouseisbeingbuiltatpresentinthedisasterarea.表示一种经常性的被动行为Heisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteacher.表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作Apopularsongisbeingsungnext.It+be+过去分词+thatItissaidthatwhentheEmperoraskedHanGantotakeamasterofhorsepaintingashisteacher.据说当皇帝让韩干请一位马画大师当老师时该句式中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语Itissaidthat...Itisagreedthat...Itisreportedthat...Itisannouncedthat...Itisrecordedthat...Itisbelievedthat...Itisthoughtthat...Itishopedthat...Itissuggestedthat...It’ssaidthattheywonthegame.=Theyaresaidtohavewonthegame.Thefirst+n.+todoVascodaGama(1460-1524)wasaPortugueseexplorerandthefirstEuropeantoreachIndiabysea.在表示次序的thefirst,thelast,theonly,thevery,theright,thebest等所修饰的名词或代词后作定语，常用不定式。ThefirstpeopletoarriveTheonlykidinmyfamilytohaveagiftforpanting.但是，也有过去分词作定语的情况，表示被动和动作已经发生Thefirststudentsentabroadforfurthereducation.What引导的名词性从句Whatwegetfromthisadventureisjustsheerjoy.Thisiswhatlifemeansandwhatlifeisfor.What=allthat=thethingsthat=anythingthatBeuptosb.由某人决定It'stotallyuptoyou.它完全取决于你。beuptosth.能胜任某事upto多达What’sup?怎么了？Uptonow到目前为止Nexttime引导时间状语从句Nexttimeyouneedtotakenotes,tryusingsomeofthese...时间名词作连词，引导时间状语从句Thefirsttime/lasttime(that)Anytime,eachtime,everytime,themoment,theminute过去将来时（即：站在过去看将来）主语+should/would+do+其它Was/weregoingtodoWas/wereabouttodowas/weredoing(仅限某些表示位移的动词)表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。状语从句的省略Whileattackingfromtheship...=whiletheyareattackingformtheship...在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，满足如下两个条件时，状从才能省略，从句谓语含有be动词从句主语和主句主语一