外研版-初中-定语从句讲解

定语从句从定语的定义引入：用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语定语从句定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句。被定居从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须和那个在先行词之后。Thisistheengineerwhowillgiveusatalkonscienceandtechnology.先行词关系词定语从句引导定语从句（一）关系代词关系代词:who,whom,whose(指人)，which(指物)，that(指人和物)关系词关系副词:when,where,why关系代词which,that,who,whom，whose引导的定语从句:如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用that,who(做主语或宾语)，whom(做宾语),whose作定语1.who/that指人，做主语.(不能省)Thisisthedoctorwho/thatsavedtheboy’slift.(做主语)Thegirlwho/thatiswateringtheflowersismycousin.(做主语)2.who/whom/that指人，做宾语（做动词宾语可省略，介词放在关系代词前，不能省）who/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Whoisthestudent（whom/who/that）ProfessorWangpraisedatthemeeting.(做动词praised宾语)在从句中做介词的宾语时指人，不能用that。Whom在从句中做介词的宾语时，介词一般可放在whom之前，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在whom之前。Pleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedthenovel.=Pleasetellmewhomyouborrowedthenovelfrom.Sheistheladywithwhomwearestaying.（whom不能省）=Sheistheladywhomwearestayingwith.（whom可以省）ThechildwhomAuntMarytakescareofisill.（whom可以省）(做of的宾语，takecareof是固定词组)3.whose做定语,表示所属关系。（不能省）IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.(做定语，修饰husband,whosehusband作为名词性短语，做从句的主语)Sheistheladywhosedogwearelookingfor.(做定语，修饰dog,whosedog作为名词性短语，做从句的宾语)如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用which,that(做主语或宾语)4.which/that指物，做主语(不能省)Thisisadreamwhich/thatwillnevercometrue.（做主语）5.which/that指物，作宾语（做动词宾语可省略，介词放在关系代词前，不能省）Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived（做动词received的宾语）Istillkeeptheletterswhich/thatshewrotetome.（做宾语）注意：在从句中做介词的宾语时指物，不能用that。介词一般可放在which之前，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上，而不能放在which之前，规则跟whom做介词宾语一样。例句：Thisisthehouseinwhichsheisliving.(which不能省)=Thisisthehousewhichsheislivingin.（which可以省）Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.（which可以省）(which做for的宾语，lookfor是固定词组)关系代词小结：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略（常用whom）。做介词宾语时，介词前置，关系代词做宾语不能省。做介词宾语不能用that。注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有五种：1)当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3)当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4)当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5)先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.(二)关系副词：when/where/why1.when作时间状语，when=介词+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.2.where作地点状语，where=介词+whichIwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.3.why作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.Why=forwhichThatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhesaidthat.Hetoldherthereasonwhyheisunhappy,butshedoesn’tbelievethereasonthat/whichhegives