计算机图形学课件pipeline

SE-341Computer(SpringSE-341Computer(Spring•••••ComputerGraphicsPhysicalImagingSystemGraphicsRenderingPipelineComputerComputerGraphicsInput:Input:ConsumerInput:Input:Image&Input:Input:Input:Input:SpecializedImage:arrayImage:arrayofPixel（像素）elementaryunitof••PixelPixelRepresentationThepixelhasonlytwoareaofthepixeliscolorofthepixelissetunderprogramFrame•Framebuffer(帧缓Frame•Framebuffer(帧缓冲区)：abufferthatstorescontentsofanimagepixelbyResolution（分辨率）：thenumberofpixelspersquareinchonacomputer-generateddisplay•••conversion)：光GraphicsProcessingUnits(abr.GPU,图形处理器DisplayDisplay••••RasterDisplayDevicesFlatPanelDisplayDevicesIMAXRasterDisplayDevices•RasterDisplayDevices•器）:Getthepixelsfromtheframebufferindividuallyandcorrespondinglocationonthescreenrate：刷Interlacedscannoninterlacedorprogressivescan：ColorColorCRTFlat-panel•Flat-panelFlat-panel•Flat-panel(light-(liquid-diodes)：发光二级管displays)：液晶Plasmapanels:等离子显示lowsmallflickerNogeometric•Flat-panelFlat-panelMoreDisplay•MoreDisplay•printers（针式printers（喷墨–laserprinters（激光•3DIMAX••–IMAX••––双镜头摄影机＋偏振片眼镜：《食人鱼》CGI（computer-generatedimagery）＋偏振片眼镜：《阿凡••••••ComputerGraphicsPhysicalImagingSystemGraphicsRenderingPipelinePhysicalImagingPhysicalImaging••ImagingImagingImagingImagingImagingimageImagingimageofImagingdigitalImagingdigitalsensorarray.ImagingImagingsampledImagingImagingdiscretereal-valuedDigitalColorDigitalColorGreyColorColorImageSynthetic••ImageSynthetic••••PropertiesofLight,material:Todeterminetheoflightonthe•Lightis•Lightisapartofelectromagneticwave,itisa•It’visiblerange:betweenandSyntheticSyntheticcameraAdvantagesofSynthetic•AdvantagesofSynthetic•••Object,Observerandlightiscompleteindependent2Dgraphicsisaspecialcaseof3DEasytoimplementby––Setthepropertiesoflight,cameraandTodeterminetheresultsofimageby•QuickhardwareissupportedDirect3Detc.isbasedonthis•••••ComputerGraphicsPhysicalImagingSystemGraphicsRenderingPipelineBasicBasicGraphicsRenderingGraphicsRenderingRendering•AbstractmodelRendering•AbstractmodelsequenceofoperationstotransformgeometricmodelintodigitalimagegraphicshardwareUnderlyingAPImodelforprogramminggraphicshardware•––Direct•GeometryGeometrygeometryapplication-specificdatastructureforholdinggeometricinformationdependsonspecificneedsof–trianglesoup,points,meshwithconnectivityinformation,curvedsurfaceGeometricGeometricGeometricGeometricExplicitExplicitParametricParametricParametricParametricGeometricGeometricGeometricGeometric•modeling•modelingtransformation(模型变换mapallgeometricobjectsfromlocalcoordinatesystemintoworldcoordinatesviewingtransformation(视点变换mapallgeometryfromworldcoordinatesintocamera•ModelingModelingandViewingModelingModelingandViewingModelingandModelingandViewingcomputebrightnessbasedoncomputebrightnessbasedonpropertyofmaterialandlightcomputationisperformedper-ComplexComplexLightingandPerspectiveperspectivePerspectiveperspectiveProject3Dgeometryto2DimageplaneSimulatesacameraTransformfromeyespacetonormalizeddeviceremovalofpartsofremovalofpartsofthegeometrythatfalloutsidethevisiblescreenorwindowregionScan•scanConvertcontinuous2Dgeometry(lines,polygonsetc.)todiscreteRasterdisplay–discretegridofScan•scanConvertcontinuous2Dgeometry(lines,polygonsetc.)todiscreteRasterdisplay–discretegridofRasterizerRasterizerRelatedResolution:RelatedResolution:numberofrows&columnsinScreenSpace:Discrete2DCartesiancoordinatesystemofthescreenpixelstexture“gluingimagesontocolorofeveryfragmentisalteredbylookingupanewcolorvaluefromanimagetexture“gluingimagesontocolorofeveryfragmentisalteredbylookingupanewco