2022届高三一模测验卷 英语 B卷 答案版

好教育云平台一模检验卷第=page2*2-13页（共=sectionPages3*26页）好教育云平台一模检验卷第=page2*24页（共=sectionPages3*26页）此卷只装订不密封班级此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号此卷只装订不密封班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号英语（B）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷（选择题）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomando?A.Gettheman’ssalad.B.Checktheorderagain.C.Findatablefortheman.2.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inaclothingstore.3.Whendidthemangethisniece’scall?A.At6:20. B.At6:00. C.At5:30.4.Whatisthewomanadvisedtodowithherhair?A.Cutitshorter. B.Changeitscolor. C.Makeitstraight.5.WhattraditionalChinesepaintingisSusanmostinterestedin?A.Figures. B.Landscapepainting. C.Birdsandflowers.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesRobertthinkofelectriccats?A.They’rehighlyeconomical.B.They’reenvironmentallyfriendly.C.They’requiteexpensive.7.WhatattractsRobertmostaboutthelatestTesla?A.Thespeed. B.Theprice. C.Thedesign.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatkindofbookdoesthemanwant?A.Abiography. B.Anadventurestory. C.Afantasybook.9.Whydoesthewomanbuybookstoday?A.Tocompleteherpaper.B.Toprepareabirthdaygift.C.Tokilltimeattheweekend.10.Whichseriesofbookswillthewomantake?A.HarryPotter. B.TheLordoftheRings. C.TheHungerGames.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11Whatdoesthewomancaremostaboutthesummerdaycamp?A.Itshistory. B.Itsreputation. C.Itslocation.12.Whatcancampersbenefitfromtakingpartinthecamp?A.Improvingtheirgrades.B.Learningtypesofskills.C.Developingspecialinterests.13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors. B.Teacherandparent. C.Husbandandwife.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Howdidthemanmeetthetiger?A.Theymetatthezoo.B.Afriendintroducedittohim.C.Hewasaskedtotakecareofit.15.Whatisthefeatureofthetiger?A.Itweighs180kilograms.B.Itstands2meterstall.C.Itis4meterslong.16.Howmuchmeatdoesthetigereateveryday?A.About6kilograms. B.About12kilograms. C.About18kilograms.17.Whatisthewoman?A.Ahostess. B.Ajournalist. C.Azookeeper.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.WhendidZhangHonggobacktothebasecamp?A.OnMay21. B.OnMay24. C.OnMay27.19.WhyisErikWeihenmayermentioned?A.HewasaninspirationtoZhangHong.B.HewasZhangHong’sguide.C.HesponsoredZhangHong.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.Carefulpreparationforclimbingisessential.B.AblindChinesemanclimbedMountQomolangma.C.Climbingcanhelpthedisabledhaveastrongmind.【答案】1-5ACCBA6-10BCABC11-15BBCCA16-20BACAB第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFromscienceandnaturetoartandbaking,therearemanyactivitiestooccupychildrenintheupcomingweeksinspring.FREESPRINGBREAKACTIVITY615-416-2001Ages3-17.CountryMusicHallofFameandMuseum,222FifthAve.S,Nashville.March6-April5,daily9am-5pm.FreeforchildreninDavidsonandotherplaces.Butadultadmissionis$25.95.childrencanpickupsomesouvenirswhileexploringthemuseum’sexhibitsandnewartifacts.SPRINGBREAKHOUSECAMP615-556-7370Ages5-17.HarrisRidingAcademy,6331W.FranklinRoad,Murfreesboro.MondaythroughFriday9am-3pm.Admission:$50singlehalfday,$80singlefullday,$250half-dayweek,$375full-dayweek.Meettheherdofhorsesandride,studydifferenttopicsabouthorses,makehorsecrafts,participateinfeedinghorsesandsoon.KIDSBAKINGCAMP615-956-6077Ages6-15.TheCuriousKitchen,1602NorthfirldBlvd,Murfreeboro.TodaythroughFriday10am.-1pm.Admission:$250.Learntodevelopknifeskillsandreadrecipes,andmorewhilemakinggoodieslikepies,cookies,cupcakes,chocolatecakes,candiesandmore.ASCMAKERCAMP615-862-5160Ages12-18.AdventureSciencecenter,800FortNegleyBlvd,Nashville.9am-3pm.$550non-members.Inthe“InnovationandImagine”maker-space,participantswillexplorethe“innovation,imaginationandmanufacture”processbydesigningandmakingasuitofcardboardarmor(盔甲)tocreateafictionalworld.ThecamprunsthisMondaythroughFriday.21.HowmuchwillthetwinbrotherspayforSPRINGBREAKHOUSECAMPforahalfday?A.$100 B.$160C.$250 D.$37522.WhatcanwelearnabouttheASCMAKERCAMP?A.Itisdangerousforlittlechildren.B.Childrenwilltravelinafictionalworld.C.Ithelpsstimulatechildren’simagination.D.Membersaretreatedbetterthannon-members.23.Wherewillchildrenprobablygoinordertoenjoycookinginthekitchen?A.222FifthAve B.6331FranklinRoadC.800FortNegleyBlvd D.1602NorthfirldBlvd【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】这是一篇应用文。广告介绍了四项春假活动。21.细节理解题。根据SPRINGBREAKHOUSECAMP项目中“Admission:$50singlehalfday,$80singlefullday,$250half-dayweek,$375full-dayweek.”（门票：单半天$50，单全日$80，半天每周$250，全日每周$375。）可知，一个人半天五十美元，所以这对双胞胎兄弟半天需要付100美元。故选A项。22.推理判断题。根据ASCMAKERCAMP项目中“Inthe“InnovationandImagine”maker-space,participantswillexplorethe“innovation,imaginationandmanufacture”processbydesigningandmakingasuitofcardboardarmor(盔甲)tocreateafictionalworld.”（在“创新与想像”制造者空间，参加者将探索“创新、想像与制造”的过程，设计并制作一套硬纸板盔甲，创造一个虚构的世界。）可知，这个项目有助于激发孩子们的想象力。故选C项。23.推理判断题。根据KIDSBAKINGCAMP项目中“TheCuriousKitchen,1602NorthfirldBlvd,Murfreeboro.”（奇怪的厨房，1602NorthfirldBlvd,Murfreeboro。）以及“Learntodevelopknifeskillsandreadrecipes,andmorewhilemakinggoodieslikepies,cookies,cupcakes,chocolatecakes,candiesandmore.”（学习使用刀具的技巧，阅读食谱，并且在做馅饼、饼干、纸杯蛋糕、巧克力蛋糕、糖果等食物的时候学习更多。）可知，要在厨房里享受烹饪活动，孩子们可以去1602NorthfirldBlvd。故选D项。BI'vebeentakingtimethisweektosmelltheroses.Literally,Ibendoverinmyneighbors’frontyard,checkthatnobodyiswatching,andthenburymyheadintheflowers.I'vealsobeenwalkingintobakeriesandwalkingaroundwithoutbuyinganything.Afterhavingsurgeryonmybrokennose18monthsago,Ihaven'tbeenabletosmellortastethings.Thisweek,however,mynoseisbackinbusiness.I'vebeenoverwhelmedbysmells,andit'sgivenmeanewwayofthinking.Scentisjustoneofthelittlebitsandpiecesthatmakelifeenjoyable,butwhichweoftenignore.Irememberonce,whenmysonwasfivemonthsold,Iwascarryinghimdownthestreet.Windsweptthroughandalmosttippedusover.Hethrewhislittleheadbackandgiggled.He'dneverfeltthewindonhisface.WhenisthelasttimeIlaughedattheweather?ThefirsttimeIatebacon,Irushedhometomyparents,determinedthatweatethisdeliciousnessateverymeal.Myfathersmiledandagreed.DoyourecallwhenyoulearnedthatthevoiceactorsofMickeyandMinnieMouseweremarriedinreallife?Doyouenjoysleepinginnewcleanbedsheets?Istheresomeoneontheradiowhosevoiceisassmoothasvelvet?Wedon'twritepostcardsaboutthesmallthings.Wedon'tframetheminphoto-graphs.Theyaren'tthatgreatorgrand,butwithoutthem,lifeisaltogethertooloud.Thesequietexperiencesgiveusachancetoenjoythesimplefactofbeingalive.Asmysenseofsmellreturnstome,it'slikeI'msmellingthingsforthefirsttime.They'refullofmemoriesandmagic.Foodtastesbetter,andtheairisindeedsweet.Iknowwhatthepoetsmeannow.Italmostmakesmybrokennoseworthwhile.Now,Iamwaitingforthisbandagetocomeoff.There'sanitchIcan’treach!24.Thewriterinthepassagemainlytriesto_______.A.discusshowtoenjoyleisuretime B.showthatshelovesdoingsecretthingsC.giveexamplesofhowshekillstime D.persuadereaderstoenjoysmallthingsinlife25.Accordingtothewriter,“anewwayofthinking”inthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.theabilitytodiscoverthejoyofsmallthings B.thehabitofovercomingignoranceC.theabilitytofullyuseourlimitedattention D.thehabitofmakingpersonalreflections26.Thewriterrecallsthat_______.A.herfatherenjoyedsleepinginnewcleanbedsheets.B.hersonwasfrightenedwhenfeelingthewindonhisface.C.shecouldn'tresisttemptationwheneatingbaconforthefirsttime.D.shealwaysignoredthegreatthingsinlife.27.Onesmallthingmentionedinthelastparagraphis_______.A.ajoyfulmemory B.aquietexperienceC.thesenseofsmell D.thesimplefactofbeingalive【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要讲述了作者在嗅觉恢复后对于生活的感悟。作者在断掉的鼻子恢复正常后，发现自己的嗅觉里充满了回忆和魔力，也发觉生活中有很多被忽视的美好，正是这些简单安静的事让我们能享受生活的真谛。24.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thesequietexperiencesgiveusachancetoenjoythesimplefactofbeingalive.”可知这些安静的经历让我们有机会享受简单的生活。结合本文主要讲述了作者在嗅觉恢复后对于生活的感悟。作者在断掉的鼻子恢复正常后，发现自己的嗅觉里充满了回忆和魔力，也发觉生活中有很多被忽视的美好，正是这些简单安静的事让我们能享受生活的真谛。由此可推知，作者目的在于说服读者享受生活中的小事情。故选D。25.词义猜测题。根据第二段中Scentisjustoneofthelittlebitsandpiecesthatmakelifeenjoyable,butwhichweoftenignore.可知气味只是让生活变得愉快的小细节之一，但我们经常忽视它。由此可推知，第二段中的“newwayofthinking”是指从小事中发现乐趣的能力。故选A。26.细节理解题。根据第三段中ThefirsttimeIatebacon,Irushedhometomyparents,determinedthatweatethisdeliciousnessateverymeal.可知第一次吃培根的时候，我冲回家找父母，决定每餐都要吃这个美味的培根。由此可知，作者回忆第一次吃培根的时候，她无法抗拒诱惑。故选C。27.推理判断题。根据最后一段中Wedon'tframetheminphoto-graphs.Theyaren'tthatgreatorgrand,butwithoutthem,lifeisaltogethertooloud.Thesequietexperiencesgiveusachancetoenjoythesimplefactofbeingalive.Asmysenseofsmellreturnstome,it'slikeI'msmellingthingsforthefirsttime.可知我们不会把他们裱在相框里。他们并不是那么伟大或特别重要，但是没有他们，生活就显得太喧嚣了。这些安静的经历让我们有机会享受简单的生活。当我的嗅觉恢复时，我就像第一次闻到东西一样。由此判断出，最后一段中提到的一件小事指的是作者的嗅觉。故选C。CWhenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:workinfieldallday,eatmiddaymealinfield,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buyandeatlunchthere,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.Thoughitmayseemlikethetechboomandgigeconomy(临时工经济)ledthewayinthismodernmobileworkstyle,workinganddininghavealwaysbeenintertwined.InmajorcitieslikeNewYork,WashingtonD.C.,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarechangingintoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.Dr.MeganElias,directorofthegastronomyprogramatBostonUniversity,saysfoodandbusinesshavebeenlinkedsinceasfarbackastheancientSumer(whoestablishedcivilizationasweknowitaround4000B.C.)“Whatwethinkofasstreetfoodhasalwaysbeenpartofhumancivilization,”shesays.“Therehavealwaysbeenmarketplaceswherehumanscametogethertoconductsomekindofbusiness—liketradinggrain,tradinganimalsorbuildinghouses.Aslongastherehavebeenmarketplaces,peoplehavebeeneatingatthemwhilealsodoingbusiness.”Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar“restaurant”cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.DuringthisstageinEuropean,African,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerchantbusinessmentorest—andofcourse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.Duringthecolonialeraofthe1600sand1700s,concreteexamplesofAmericanrestaurantsemergedas“CoffeeHouses”.CoffeeHouseswereplacesthathadnewspapers,whichatthetimewereverysmallandcommercial,"authorandsocialhistorianJanWhitakerexplains.Coffeehousesremainedtradesmanstaplesthroughouttheearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitemslikerollsandmeatpies.More“grandmeals,”asEliascallsthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-travelingfolk.But,whentheU.S.beganindustrializinginthe1840sandpeoplestayednearworkplacesduringtheday,eatingestablishmentspoppeduparoundfactories.“Industrializationofthecityisalsorestaurantizationofthecity,”Eliassays.“Placessprunguptoserveabusinesslunchcrowdandanafter-workdiningcrowdagain,stilldoingbusiness.”28.Howdoestheauthormentionedourancestorsinparagraph1?A.Tomakecomparisons B.Topresentfigures.C.Toraisequestions D.Togiveexamples29.Whendidrestaurantsbegintoprovidenotonlyeatingbutsheltering?A.around4000B.C. B.inthe15thand16thcenturies.C.duringthe1600sand1700s. D.Intheearly19thcentury.30.WhatcanwelearnaboutCoffeehouses?A.Newspaperswereproducedtherefirst.B.Thefoodservedtherewaslimitedatfirst.C.Theywereespeciallypopulararoundfactories.D.Itwasaperfectplaceforentertainmentandeating.31.Whatcanbebesttitleofthetext?A.thefunctionofeatingout. B.Theslowformationofthemoderncity.C.theevolutionoftherestaurant. D.Theageofmorework,lesseating.【答案】28.A29.B30.B31.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了讲述了餐馆的演变历史。28.推理判断题。根据第一段中Whenourancestorswerepeasantsintheearliestdaysofagriculture,thedailyschedulewas:workinfieldallday,eatmiddaymealinfield,continueworkinginfield.Today,aftercenturiesofhumanadvancement,itgoessomethinglike:workincoffeeshopallday,buyandeatlunchthere,continuetoilingawayonlaptopuntilthesunsets.在农业发展初期，我们的祖先还是农民的时候，每天的日程是：整天在田间劳作，中午在田间吃饭，继续在田间劳作。今天，经过几个世纪的人类进步，它是这样的：整天在咖啡馆工作，在那里买和吃午饭，继续用笔记本电脑工作，直到太阳下山。可知，作者是通过比较农业发展初期和今天的工作方式来提到我们的祖先的。故选A项29.细节理解题。根据第三段中Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar“restaurant”cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.DuringthisstageinEuropean,African,andEastandSouthAsianhistory,innsallowedmerchantbusinessmentorest—andofcourse,eat—throughouttheirtravels.据Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。在欧洲、非洲、东亚和南亚历史的这一阶段，客栈允许商人在旅途中休息——当然，也可以吃饭。可知，餐馆是在15和16世纪开始不仅提供吃饭，而且提供住宿。故选B项。30.推理判断题。根据第四段中Coffeehousesremainedtradesmanstaplesthroughouttheearly19thcentury,withsimplemenuitemslikerollsandmeatpies.More“grandmeals,”asEliascallsthem,werestilltakingplacewithinhomesfornon-travelingfolk.在整个19世纪早期，咖啡馆一直是商家的主食，菜单上的菜品很简单，比如面包卷和肉饼。更多的“大餐”，正如Elias所说，仍在家里为不旅行的人准备。可知，咖啡馆起初供应的食物有限。故选B项。31.主旨大意题。根据第一段中InmajorcitieslikeNewYork,WashingtonD.C.,SydneyandHongKong,restaurantsarechangingintoofficialco-workingspacesduringoff-peakhours.在纽约、华盛顿特区、悉尼和香港等大城市，餐馆在非高峰时间变成了正式的联合办公区。第三段中Thefirstexampleofabrick-and-mortar“restaurant”cameduringthemerchanteconomyinthe15thand16thcenturies,accordingtoElias.据Elias说，第一个实体“餐馆”出现在15和16世纪的商业经济时期。以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了餐馆的演变历史，因此本文的最佳标题选项C“餐馆的演变”符合题意。故选C项。DWetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrentougherandstronger,butwhateverwe’redoing,it’snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionarerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword“antifragile”andusedit

todescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:it

requires

exposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem“safe”fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剥夺)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforskill-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.It’snotthekids’fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayandindependentmobilitywentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:“Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginage-adequateriskyplay.”Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecan’tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.32.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?A.Tostressitsimportance. B.Tohelpunderstandanewword.C.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery. D.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.33.Parentsoverprotectchildrenbecause______.A.childrenarenotindependentenoughB.theywanttokeepchildrenfrombeingteasedC.parent-monitoredactivitiesareamustD.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren’ssafety34.Accordingtotheauthor,freeplaycan______.A.reducechildren’sriskybehavior B.strengthenchildren’sfriendshipC.promotechildren’stoughness D.developchildren’sleadershipskills35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Stoptryingtoperfectyourchild.B.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.C.Whilewetrytoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,ourchildrenteachuswhatlifeisallabout.D.Preparethechildfortheroad,nottheroadforthechild.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。青少年中焦虑症和抑郁症的发病率正在迅速上升。我们做错了什么？对此短文从不同的角度分析了它产生的原因，这种趋势发展下去所导致的后果，并提出了自己的观点让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走。32.推理判断题。由第二段，第三段“Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems”可知，免疫系统就是其中之一：它需要在儿童时期接触某些种类的细菌和潜在的过敏原，才能使孩子具有完全的免疫力。孩子们的社交和情感能力和他们的免疫系统一样具有“抗弱性”。所以通过免疫系统功能的介绍和孩子们的社交和情感能力与免疫系统的比较。可以判断出，作者在第2段提到免疫系统是为了帮助理解一个新词。故选B项。33.细节理解题。由第四段“IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless”可知，在英国，在美国也一样，在20世纪80年代和90年代，随着有线电视和后来的互联网让每个人越来越多地接触到那些现在越来越少发生的罕见的犯罪和事故，父母们变得更加恐惧。所以父母过度保护孩子，因为他们担心孩子的安全。故选D项。34.细节理解题。由第五段“Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence”可知，然而，孩子们在自由玩耍中制定自己的参与规则，他们能承担小风险，学会掌控小危险的能力，这对成人社交能力甚至身体能力的发展都是至关重要的。所以根据作者所说，自由玩耍可以促进儿童的韧性的提高。故选C项。35.推理判断题。由最后段“...wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.”可知，我们正在系统地阻止他们的成长。我们应该放手让他们成长。所以通过作者所说的我们能够判断出，作者希望成年人在孩子成长过程中，成年人应该让孩子准备好踏上成长之路，成年人应该让孩子自己走上成长之路，去经历挫折和失败，这样才能使孩子变得更加的坚强。故D选项“让孩子准备好上路，而不是准备好道路给孩子走”。是作者所同意的。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Scientistshaveimplantedmemoriesintothebrinsofbirds,helpingyoungzebrafinchestolearnasongnormallytaughttothembytheirfathers.36Likehumans,zebrafincheslearnhowtovocalizebyimitatingtheirparents.Bylisteningtothemsing,youngbirdsmemorizethenotes.“37”ToddRoberts,fromtheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,toldNewsweek.“Infact,thereareamazingsimilaritiesbetweensongbirdslearningtheirsongandtheearlystagesofspeechlearning.”Roberts,togetherwithcolleagues,used“optogeneticmanipulation”—wherelightisusedtomonitorandcontrolbrainactivity—toguidethelearningofsongs.38Inthisway,memoriesofsyllablesofasongwerecreated—thelengthofanoteagreeswiththelengthoflightexposure.Asaresult,theyguidedthelearningofthezebrafinchwiththeseimplantedmemories.TheirfindingsarepublishedinthejournalScience.“Welearnmanybehaviorsduringdevelopmentbycopyingthebehaviorofourparents,oldersiblingsorteachers.39Butourresearchinyoungsongbirdsshowsthatselectsynapsesconnectingsensoryandmotorcircuitsplayapowerfulroleinlayingdownthesetypesofmemoriesandthatactivationoftheseconnectionsinthebraincanhelpformmemoriesthatcanguidelearning.Wewereverysurprisedbytheoutcomeofourexperiments,”Robertssaid.Robertssaiditisunlikelythatasimilarapproachcouldbeusedinhumanstoimplantmemories.40However,hedidsaythatunderstandingthesepathwayscouldhelpusunderstandconditionswheredevelopmentaldisorderscausespeechproblems.A.Theyareactivethroughouttheday.B.Songbirdsprovideanexcellentmodel.C.Suchexperimentswouldgiverisetodebate.D.Thebrainactivitiesinvolvedinthisarestillpoorlyunderstood.E.TheycontrolledtheinteractionsbetweentworegionsofthebrainF.Itmaynotbetoomanyyearsbeforethemeasurementsofbrainactivity.G.Thebreakthroughhasgivenaninsightintothedevelopmentofvocallearning.【答案】36.G37.B38.E39.D40.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲。介绍了研究开展的过程以及研究对于人类植入记忆的意义。36.根据上文“Scientistshaveimplantedmemoriesintothebrinsofbirds,helpingyoungzebrafinchestolearnasongnormallytaughttothembytheirfathers.(科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲)”可知，上文提到科学家将记忆植入鸟类的大脑中，帮助年轻的斑胸草雀学会通常由它们的父亲教会它们的歌曲，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一突破的影响：使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解。故G选项“这一突破使我们对声乐学习的发展有了深入的了解”符合语境，故选G。37.根据后文“ToddRoberts,fromtheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenter,toldNewsweek.“Infact,thereareamazingsimilaritiesbetweensongbirdslearningtheirsongandtheearlystagesofspeechlearning.”(德克萨斯大学西南医学中心的ToddRoberts告诉《新闻周刊》。“事实上，鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习有惊人的相似之处。”)”可知，本句为引用ToddRoberts对于鸣禽学习鸣叫和早期语言学习的言论，B选项中songbirds对应后文中songbirds。故B选项“鸣禽提供了一个很好的模型”符合语境，故选B。38.根据上文“Roberts,togetherwithcolleagues,used“optogeneticmanipulation”—wherelightisusedtomonitorandcontrolbrainactivity—toguidethelearningofsongs.(Roberts和他的同事们使用了“光基因操控”技术——利用光来监测和控制大脑活动——来指导对歌曲的学习)”以及后文“Inthisway,memoriesofsyllablesofasongwerecreated—thelengthofanoteagreeswiththelengthoflightexposure.(通过这种方式，对一首歌音节的记忆被创造出来——音符的长度与光线照射的长度一致)”可知，本句承接上文说明罗伯茨和他的同事们是如何通过控制大脑活动来指导歌曲学习的。E选项中They指代上文Roberts,togetherwithcolleagues。故E选项“他们控制了大脑两个区域之间的相互作用”符合语境，故选E。39.根据上文“Welearnmanybehaviorsduringdevelopmentbycopyingthebehaviorofourparents,oldersiblingsorteachers.(在发育过程中，我们通过模仿父母、哥哥姐姐或老师的行为来学习许多行为)”以及后文“Butourresearchinyoungsongbirdsshowsthatselectsynapsesconnectingsensoryandmotorcircuitsplayapowerfulroleinlayingdownthesetypesofmemoriesandthatactivationoftheseconnectionsinthebraincanhelpformmemoriesthatcanguidelearning.(但我们对小鸣禽的研究表明，连接感觉和运动回路的特定突触在形成这些类型的记忆中发挥了强大的作用，大脑中这些连接的激活可以帮助形成指导学习的记忆)”可知，上文提到了人类通过模仿来学习的行为，后文则提到对小鸣禽的研究发现了帮助形成学习记忆的大脑活动过程，可知本句与后文形成转折，指出对人们通过模仿学习的大脑活动知之甚少的情况。故D选项“参与其中的大脑活动仍然知之甚少”符合语境，故选D。40.根据上文“Robertssaiditisunlikelythatasimilarapproachcouldbeusedinhumanstoimplantmemories.(Roberts说，类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆)”可知，上文提到类似的方法不太可能用于人类植入记忆，故本句说明原因：这样的实验会引起争论。故C选项“这样的实验会引起争论”符合语境，故选C。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）ReneeDixsonisthedirectoratapreschoolinIndiana.Shehasalwaystakenherroleinherstudents’livesvery41.Becauseofthenovelcoronaviruspandemic(流行),manyofherkids'liveshavechanged42.Reneesaidsomeoftheirparentsarenow43foodbankstofeedtheirfamilies,which44anyextramoneytheyhavewillgoto45,nottoChristmasgifts.That'swhyReneehas46ituponherselftomaketheselittleonessmile!Inadditiontoherdayjobatthepreschool,ReneehasstarteddrivingforUberto47someextramoney.Butshewon'tbekeepingitforherself.48,she’llbuypresentsforall50ofherstudents.Thankfully,sheisn'tdoingthis49!Severalpeopleinhercommunityhave50upanddonatedtoher51.BetweentheirhelpandherUber52,shehasbeenabletomakemassive(大量的)tripstoTargetto53upontoys.Infact,herofficeisquicklyfillingupwith54forherstudents!“Iknowhowitfeelstobe55asachildbecauseyourparentdoesn'thaveanything,”shesaid.Shefeelsthat56shedidn'tdothisforthem,shewouldbelettingthemdown.Withorwithoutpresents,it's57thatshecouldneverdisappointthembecausesheclearlygoesaboveand58forthem!“EveryonealwaystoldmeIhaveabigheart,”she59.“Isaid,‘No,Ilovechildren.’”It'ssafetosaybothare60forthisselflessindividual!Thankyou,Renee,formakingsureeveryonehasawonderfultimethisholidayseason!41.A.actually B.gently C.exactly D.seriously42.A.frequently B.dramatically C.conversely D.slowly43.A.relyingon B.focusingon C.lookingforwardto D.gettingusedto44.A.decides B.reflects C.means D.forces45.A.extremes B.supermarkets C.communities D.essentials46.A.taken B.made C.carried D.followed47.A.save B.earn C.donate D.raise48.A.Therefore B.Instead C.Besides D.Thus49.A.lonely B.single C.alone D.enough50.A.stepped B.rose C.stopped D.got51.A.cause B.event C.family D.festival52.A.experience B.work C.customer D.income53.A.pick B.take C.stock D.use54.A.books B.pens C.snacks D.presents55.A.happy