高中英语Unit3 Computers教学课件11

Unit3Computers教学课件一二一、阅读下列句子,选出含有被动结构的句子1.Thedangersoftheproblemhavebeendrilledintousbypublic-healthcampaignssince2001.2.Thesadtruthisthatmostofushavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfoodsandwesticktothemallourlives.3.Ihaveneverbeenabletolookatasnailsincethen.4.Hehasgonehome,becausehepromisedthathewouldvisithismom.5.Hehasbeenalwaystalkingwithhisgirlfriend.6.Hehasbeenbeatenbyhisfather.7.Wehavebeentoldnottostareatastranger.8.ShehasgonetoGuangzhou.9.Myhomeworkhasbeendonealready.10.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbytheyoungworkers.含有被动的句子:

答案:1,2,6,7,9,10一二二、请用现在完成时翻译下列句子1.我的朋友买了一辆新车。2.一种不知名的病毒进攻了我的电脑。3.我们还没有解决那些问题。4.你完成工作了吗?5.我没有见过你的书。答案:Myfriendhasboughtanewcar.

答案:Anunknownvirushasattackedmycomputer.

答案:Wehaven’tsolvedthoseproblems.

答案:Haveyoufinishedthework?

答案:Ihaven’tseenyourbook.现在完成时的被动语态的主要意义现在完成时的被动语态

使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题现在完成时的被动语态语法图解1.现在完成时的被动语态主要有以下几个方面的意义:(1)表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,而且这个动作是被动的。单句语法填空①(2018·全国Ⅲ)Theirefforts

(prove)fruitful.

答案:havebeenproven(2)表示在过去发生的,一直延续到现在的并可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。单句语法填空②(2017·全国Ⅱ)Since1958,they

(recognize)asthenationaltheatreofIsrael.

答案:havebeenrecognized(3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。③Youcangohomeassoonasyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.作业一做完你就可以回家。2.使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意的问题:(1)在现在完成时的被动语态中,have/has和been缺一不可。阅读下列句子,指出哪些句子是现在完成时的被动语态。④ThecomputerwasboughtlastSunday.⑤(2017·天津)IfeelthatI’vebeengivenasecondlifetodevotetosomethingthatismeaningfulandenormous.⑥Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.⑦(2018·江苏)Ifyouareastudentstudyingthearts,chancesareyouhavebeenill-advisedtohaveaplanB.现在完成时的被动语态的句子

答案:⑤⑦(2)注意现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的结果或影响。翻译句子⑧Themachinehasbeenrepaired.(说明动作发生在过去,对现在有影响,即:修好了。)翻译

答案:这台机器已经修好了。⑨Themachinewasrepairedyesterday.(只说明动作发生在昨天。)翻译

答案:这台机器昨天被修理了。(4)有些动词如finish,buy,start,begin等,表示的动作很短暂,我们称之为短暂性动词或非延续性动词。它们构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for,since构成的短语或引导的句子连用,也不能用于“Howlong...?”句型中。翻译句子11那项工作已经开始。答案:Thatjob/workhasbeenstarted.(3)不可与具体的时间状语连用(如yesterday,threedaysago,in1970,in2050等),但可与不确定的时间状语连用(如already,yet,just,often,recently,inthepastfewyears等)。单句语法填空⑩Inthepastfewyears,manytallbuildings

(build)inthisarea.

答案:havebeenbuilt(5)带有双宾语的动词,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,ask,pay,borrow,lend,offer,hand,pass,get,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语。变式训练12主动语态Ihavegivenhimthebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态1

答案:Hehasbeengiventhebook(byme).被动语态2

答案:Thebookhasbeengiventohim(byme).(6)带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,应将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保留。主动语态中省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的,被动语态中要还原to。13主动语态Ihaveaskedhimtohelpyou.(改为被动语态)被动语态

答案:Hehasbeenaskedtohelpyou(byme).14主动语态Ihavemadehimworkhard.(改为被动语态)被动语态

答案:Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).(7)短语动词变为现在完成时的被动语态时,要注意保持短语动词的完整性,动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有:a.动词+介词lookafter,callon,relyon,lookfor,lookat,listento,dreamof,meetwith,laughat,resultin,waitfor,dowith,dealwith,operateon,referto,thinkof等b.动词+名词+介词payattentionto,makeuseof,takepartin,keepaneyeon,makefunof,catchsightof,setfireto,takeholdof,takenoteof,takecareof等c.动词+副词turnon,turnoff,turnout,carryon,carryout,thinkover,makeup,setup,putdown,handin,pointout,callup等变式训练15主动语态Hehasreferredtothebook.(改为被动语态)被动语态

答案:Thebookhasbeenreferredto(byhim).16主动语态Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.(改为被动语态)被动语态

答案:Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).(8)现在完成时的主动语态变为被动语态应注意的几个问题:a.有些动词和动词短语没有被动形式,也不可用其过去分词作后置定语,如:breakout,belongto,arrive,die,become,disappear,takeplace,happen等。单句改错17Awarbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenbrokenout.答案:去掉been18Asyouknow,greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourcity.答案:去掉been单句语法填空19Apresenthasbeenbought

mybestfriend.

答案:for20Thegifthasbeengiven

mybestfriend.

答案:tob.动词get,buy,sing,cook,fetch,make,spare,find等词的现在完成时的主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,间接宾语前常加介词for;其他动词的间接宾语前常加介词to。c.如果被动结构中强调行为的工具或使用的材料,用介词with;若指明动作的执行者,则用介词by。单句填空21Thetreehasbeencut

anaxe.

答案:with22Thefloorhasbeenswept

someone.

答案:by一二一、单句语法填空1.Fromtheageofseven,thelittlegirl

(praise)forhertalentforsinginganddancing.

答案:hasbeenpraised2.Theparty

(plan)sincethenewyear.

答案:hasbeenplanned3.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey

(teach)manytimesontheradio.

答案:havebeentaught4.Greatchanges

(take)placesincethe1990s.

答案:havetaken5.Thesystem

(design)togivestudentsquickandeasyaccesstothedigitalresourcesofthelibrary.

答案:hasbeendesigned一二二、把下列句子中的主动语态改为被动语态1.Thelovingfamilyhasbroughtuptheboy.答案:Theboyhasbeenbroughtupbythelovingfamily.2.ThetwoAustralianshavevisitedthatvillagetwice.答案:ThatvillagehasbeenvisitedtwicebythetwoAustralians.3.Thesoldiershavealreadyplantedsometreesontheriverban