2023学年完整公开课版Book3Unit4ReadingII

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars

Reading（Ⅱ）

1.Todiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.2.Todiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures.LearningaimsPleaseretellthepassageaccordingtothepictures.RevisionLeading-inBigBangAsolidballAtmosphereTheearthWaterPlantsinthewaterShellfishandfishPlantsonlandInsectsandamphibiansReptilesDinosaursMammals1.Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.没有人准确地知道地球的起源，因为那发生在很久以前。本句为复合句,as引导的从句表示_____。原因Languagepoints

(2)

because表示听者未知的原因，可回答why的提问，也可用在强调句型中成为被强调成分，而其他几个词则无此用法。(3)as与since接近，但原因程度比since更强烈。(4)

for并不表示直接原因,只是为主句所说的话提供推断的理由，引导的分句不能放在句首。

(1)since表示听者或读者已知的原因,即表达已知信息。【辨析】since/because/as/for2.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.它(地球)将成为什么样子一直是个谜，直到38~45亿年以前,这些尘埃才慢慢形成一个固体球体。betodosth.(a)表示“应当/必须做某事”，通常用于通知和说明书里。(b)表示“按计划或安排将要做某事”，其完成式则表示“本来打算做某事”。(c)表示“将来不可避免要发生的事”。betodosth.

按计划或安排要做某事Theyaretogetmarriednextmonth.他们下个月要结婚了。begoingtodo

sth.

某人打算要做某事或根据迹象要发生的事Itisgoingtorain.要下雨了。beabouttodo

sth.

即将做某事，不与时间状语连用，常与when连用。Hewasabouttogooutwhenthedoorbellrang.他刚要出去，这时门铃响了。【知识拓展】intime(forsth./todosth.):notlate及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。=soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后；终于I’llseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。3.intime【拓展】innotime立即，立刻atonetime曾经，一度atatime每次，一次allthetime一直，始终atanytime在任何时候attimes有时，偶尔atthesametime同时ontime按时，准时(2013·陕西高考)Themanagerwantstoseechangesinthecompany,andIamsurehewill

.A.inparticular B.inturnC.incharge D.intime【解题关键】句意:经理想看看公司的变化,我相信他迟早会看到的。inparticular尤其,特别;inturn依次,轮流;incharge负责,掌管;intime及时,迟早,最终。【即学即练】4.explode

(1)（使某物）炸开，爆炸

(2)（指感情）迸发

explodewith/into...(3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加

Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhewashurtseriously.

Thechildren

explodedintolaughter.Theteacher

explodedwithanger.Nowitisnoteasytofindjobswith

theexplodingworldpopulation.

explosionn.爆炸（声）

explosiveadj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的【拓展】China’sfilmindustryisenjoyingaperiodofexplosivegrowth.中国的电影产业目前正处于一个爆炸性增长的阶段。5.cooldown降温;冷静下来;(使)变凉;消气;…astheearth

cooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.……随着地球的冷却,地球的表面开始出现了水。

Aheatedargumentcanbesettledbetterifbothsidescooldownfirst.Itriedtocoolherdownbutshewasstillveryangrywhensheleft.Don’tcovertheTVuntilitcoolsdown.

冷静使消气冷却6.allow

vt.允许，许可，容许…allowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases………允许地球溶解有害气体……allow+n./pron./doingallowsb.todobeallowedtodoMyfatherdoesn’t

allowsmoking

athome.Infact,

hedoesn’t

allowustosmoke

anywhereatanytime.Areweallowed

touse

thecomputer?beharmfulto对……有害

doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处

1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.

2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.

Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todo…Thereisnoharmin(sb.’s)doingsth.7.beharmfulto

Ilike_____intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.thisB.thatC.itD.oneit作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式、动名词和从句。C8.…whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.……那使生命发展成为可能。【即学即练】(2015·浙江高考)Howwouldyoulike

ifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A.them B.one C.thoseD.it【解题关键】句意：如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目，有人走进房间，不征求你的意见就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？表示喜好的动词(如like,dislike,hate,appreciate等)后面有从句时,不能直接跟从句,需要用it作宾语,然后再接从句。【高考链接】9.multiplyTheymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen…它们多起来，使大洋和海洋充满氧气……multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖

1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.

2)

2and5multiplyto

make10.

4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.3)

6multipliedby5

is30.动词过去式过去分词现在分词意义lielaylainlying躺；位于lieliedliedlying撒谎laylaidlaidlaying搁，放；下蛋10.layThenaughtyboy____tomethatthehenthat____therejustnowhad____twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laidD【即学即练】11.bedifferentfromTheseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast…这些动物与过去所有的生命形式不同……2)他们的品位和我的不同。Theirtastesaredifferentfrommine.

bevery/much/quite/entirely/totallydifferentfrom与……(完全)不同

Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.

1)城市生活和农村生活很不同。therearedifferencesbetween…and…

……与……之间有不同之处tell…from…把……与……区分开来thesameas…与……一样besimilarto与……相似【拓展】12.spread的用法…appearedandspreadallovertheearth.……出现和蔓延到世界各地。1)vi.(消息等)传开，流传。例如：Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly.Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousenearby.2)vt.“使伸展，延伸，张开”，常与out连用。Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeus.Ispreadanewclothonthetable.我在餐桌上铺了一条新桌布。他张开手臂欢迎我们。阻止某人做某事:preventsb.(from)doingsth.

stopsb.(from)doingsth.

keepsb.fromdoingsth.

13.preventsb.

注意v.-ing的变化规则Wemustpreventthemfrommakingtrouble.

Youshouldpreventthechildfrominjuringhimself.

Ifnothingprevents…如果没有什么阻碍的话……escapev.

sth.doingsth.escapepunishment=escapebeingpunishedescapefromsth./someplace

n.逃跑，逃亡Escapefromtheprisonisdifficult.逃避，逃脱，避免14.escape15.dependon/upon1)信赖，依靠dependon/uponsb./sth./v.-ingsb./sth.for…sb.todosth.Youmustn’tdependonotherstohelpyou.Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.3)dependonit没问题，请放心（句末或句首）

That/It(all)depends.Dependonit,and

you’llsucceed.

Hemaysupportme,butitdepends.2)视……而定，取决于……Thepricedependsonthequality.Yoursuccessdependsonwhetheryouworkhardornot.Thatdependsonhowyoudidit.1.Thathotelisalwaysfullbecauseitoffersafriendly____andpersonalservice.A.surfaceB.atmosphereC.systemD.appearance【解题关键】句意:这家旅馆总是住满客人,因为它提供一种友好的氛围和个性化的服务。surface表面,水面;atmosphere气氛,大气;system系统,体系;appearance外表,出现,露面。Classexercises2.Atfirst,wedidn’tknowaboutJim.But____,wecametoknowthathewasanhonestboy.A.suddenlyB.luckilyC.graduallyD.generally【解题关键】句意:起初我们不了解吉姆。但逐渐地,我们开始知道他是一个诚实的男孩子。gradually逐渐地，慢慢地。3.ManyEuropeans____thecontinentofAf