北京市第四十三中学2024届高三一诊考试英语试卷含解析

北京市第四十三中学2024届高三一诊考试英语试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Theteacheroftengiveshisstudentsabriefpauseinclass______theycantakeinwhathehastaught.A．why B．when C．who D．which2．—Hi,Tom!IgotachancetobeanexchangestudentinHarvardUniversity.—_________!Ihadbeenexpectingtostudythere.A．Luckyyou B．HavefunC．Takeiteasy D．Forgetit3．Janerealizedher____tobecomethefirstwomantorunthe10,000metreswithin30minutes.A．achievementB．commitmentC．competitionD．ambition4．—I’vegotsomethingweighingonmymind.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?—______.TellmeallaboutitandI’lldowhatIcan.A．Don’tmentionit B．NowonderC．Mypleasure D．Noproblem5．Don’ttouchyoureyes,noseandmouth,becausetheyaren’tcoveredbyskinandcan_______thevirusmoreeasily.A．takeup B．pickup C．makeup D．setup6．—Youcouldalwaysputthedecisionoffalittlebitlonger.—__________IfIleaveitmuchlongerImightmissmychance.A．That’sreasonable. B．Isn’titagoodidea?C．Doyouthinkso? D．Ican’tagreemore.7．--Mom,I’mgoingtothegraduationdancetonightbutIdon’tthinkIlookattractiveenough.—Oh,darling,don’tworry._______A．Theydon’tknowwhatbeautyis.B．Nobodywillcareaboutit.C．Youlookperfectthewayyouare.D．Impossibleisnothing,8．Believeitornot,itis________________thatcausesyourillness.A．becauseofyourbeingoverweight B．becauseyouareoverweightC．youaresooverweight D．yourbeingoverweight9．—It’ssohumidthesedays!—Don’tworry!Therain________tostopfromtomorrow.A．willexpectB．expectsC．willbeexpectedD．isexpected10．—Hey!EveryoneintheofficewasatthedinnerpartyinhonorofMr.Charlesexceptyou.Whathappened?—I______afterMike,mycolleague.Hewasbadlyill.A．havelookedB．waslookingC．wouldlookD．hadlooked11．_____thatitwassoldoutwhenitcameout. A．Sowashersuccessfulbook B．Sosuccessfulwasherbook C．Soherbookwassuccessful D．Sosuccessfulherbookwas12．Allthestudentsarerequiredtochecktheyhavemadesomespellingerrorsintheircompositions.A．whetherB．whatC．thatD．which13．Aproblemhasoccurredweshoulddevelopinnovativethinkingabilitiesintheclassroomsbygivingstudentsopportunitiestogeneratenewideas.A．whatB．whereC．whetherD．that14．heremotion,sheburiedherfaceinherhands． A．Controlled B．Tocontrol C．Beingcontrolled D．Havingcontrolled15．__________62%ofallluxuryconsumersalesinEuropein2015,shoppersfromtheChinesemainlandspent$7.2billionoverseasduringtheSpringFestival.A．Accountingfor B．AddingtoC．Consistingof D．Makingup16．IkeepthepicturewhereIcanseeiteveryday,remindsmeofthedaysinmyhometown.A．that B．whichC．who D．when17．I’mnotsureofthereasonforthedog’sillness,butit____byeatingtoomuch.A．mayhavebeencaused B．needhavebeencausedC．shouldhavebeencaused D．musthavebeencaused18．Tedcouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestorm,butheknewitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A．/,the B．a,/C．/,a D．the,/19．Itgivesusgreatdelight______Chinesesciencefictionsarebecomingincreasinglypopular.A．how B．whatC．that D．why20．During______afternoon,therainbecamesmaller,buttowards__________evening,therewasasuddenlandslidethatburiedthevillage.A．/;the B．the;/ C．the;the D．an;the第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countries1914and2014.TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfroml2thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Larvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof11.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchsaystheglobaltrendislikelybutonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanycountriesofnorthandsub-SaharanAfricacausesconcern,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds."Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidProfessorAlexander.Thenutritionalandhealthproblemsthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotentialintermsofheight.Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications."Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."1、WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraphI?A．Theincreaseinwomen’sheightismuchbiggerthanmen’sinthelastcentury.B．Thelastcenturyhasseenagreatincreaseinpeople’sheightinmostcountries.C．Geneticsplaysakeyroleintheincreaseofpeople’sheightinthelastcentury.D．DutchandSwedesarerankedfirstandsecondinheightintheworldnowadays.2、Theunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph2canbereplacedby.A．sloweddown. B．goneupwards. C．changedtothecontrary. D．cometolifeagain.3、Accordingtothetext,JamesBenthamsuggeststhat.A．Theeconomicsituationofsomecountriesshouldbeimproved.B．Environmentprotectionshouldbeattachedgreatimportanceto.C．Theglobaltrendofincreasingheightshouldbecloselywatched.D．Children’spropernutritionandhealthcareshouldbeguaranteed.22．（8分）Arewealoneintheuniverse?AteamofscientistsannouncedonJanuary6,2015thattheyhadidentifiedeightplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem,threeorfourofwhichorbitintheirstars’“GoldilocksZone”—theregionwheretemperaturesarenottoohotortoocoldforwater,whichisanecessaryingredientforlifeasweknowit,toexistliquidform.ThismaybegoodnewsforpeoplehopingthatEarthisnottheonlyinhabitedworldintheuniverse.Thescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.NASAlaunchedKeplerin2009.Sincethen,thetelescopehasidentifiedmorethan1,000planetsoutsideofoursolarsystem.TorresandhisteamanalyzedthedataabouttheeightnewlydiscoveredworldtodeterminewhichonesaremostlikelytobesimilartoourEarth.Amongthenewdiscoveries,thescientistssaytheplanetscalledKepler438band442baretheclosesttoEarth.Kepler438bisjustabout10%largerthanourplanet,andgets40%moreofitsenergyfromitsstarthanEarthreceivesfromtheSun.Temperaturestherewouldbeabout140degrees.Kepler442bisabout33%largerthanEarth,butreceives30%lessenergyfromitsstar.Thatwouldmakeitapotentiallychillierworldthanourown.Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.WhilethesefindingsaddtothepossibilitythatlifeexistsbeyondEarth,Torrescautionsagainstdrawingconclusions,“Wearenotclaimingtheyareinhabited,”hesays.Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.Butthediscoveryofplanetsintheirstars’habitablezonessuggeststhatsomewhereoutthere,someformofalienlifemayhavetakenhold.1、Thescientistshaveidentifiedeightplanets,________.A．whicharesuitableforhumanstoliveonB．someofwhicharepossibleforlifetoexistonC．someofwhichhavethesamesituationsasEarthD．whicharenottoohotortoocoldforwatertoexiston2、WhichstatementaboutthediscoveryofTorresandhisteamisTRUE?A．Kepler438bistoohotforanylifetoexiston.B．Kepler438band442barethefarthesttoEarth.C．TheyhavemadethediscoveriesthroughKepler.D．Theyhavediscoveredover1000planetsin7years.3、WhatisthepossiblethingthatKepler442blacksforlifetoexiston?A．Thewater B．ThesunlightC．Thesoil D．Theatmosphere4、Abouttheirexploration,Torreswantstoindicatethat________.A．thereisalotlefttolearnB．theyhavehaddecisivegainsC．itisthefirstinhumanhistoryD．itiscertainforlifeontheplanets5、Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．AreWeAlone?B．EyeontheStarsC．DiscoverAnotherEarthD．DiscoveryofNewStarstoLiveon23．（8分）Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas“theMacbetheffect”.ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedladyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience（良心）byrubbinginvisiblebloodstainsfromherhands.Afewyearsago,scientistsaskedpeopletodescribeapastwrongact.Ifpeoplewerethengivenachancetocleantheirhands,theylaterexpressedlessguiltthanpeoplewhohadn’tcleaned.ThisfindingfascinatedW.S.Lee,aresearcher.“Anythingfromthepast,anykindofnegativeemotionalexperiences,mightbewashedaway,”saysLee.Hedecidedtotesthandwashing’seffectononekindofbadfeeling:thetensionwefeelafterbeingforcedtochoosebetweentwoattractivechoices,becausepickingonechoicemakesusfeelthatwe’velosetheother.Peopleusuallytrytocalmthisinnerconflictbylaterexaggerating（夸大）thepositiveaspectsoftheirchoice.Hehadstudentsrank10differentmusicCDs.ThenheofferedstudentsoneCDasagift.Somestudentsthenuseliquidsoap.Othersonlylookedatthesoaporsniffed（嗅）it.“Actually,youdonotneedwaterandsoap,”saysLee.Later,thestudentsagainhadtorankallthemusic.Peoplewhodidn’twashtheirhandshadthenormalresponse—theyscoredtheirtake-homeCDhigher,suggestingthattheynowsawitasevenmoreattractivethanbefore.Butthiswasn’ttrueforthehandwashers.Theyrankedthemusicaboutthesame.“theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice,”sayLee.Buttheimplicationsofitjustaren’tclear.Schwarzsaysit’stoosoontoknowwhetherpeopleshouldheadforasinkaftermakingatoughchoice.Hesayswashingmayhelpdecision-makersbycleaningawaymentaldisorder,butperhapsiftheydon’tgothroughtheusualpost-decisionprocessofjustifyingtheirchoice,theymightfeelmoresorrowinthelongrun.1、TheMacbetheffectreferstothefactthat________.A．ShakespearedidscientificresearchbeforewritingMacbethB．soapingupone’shandmayhelpwashawaytheinnerconfusionandmakeadecisionC．peoplefeellessguiltybygettingridofinvisiblegermsfromtheirhandsD．peoplefeellessashamedafterwashingtheirhands2、AccordingtoLee,afterpeoplemakethechoice________.A．theywilloverstatethegoodnessoftheirchosenchoiceB．theywillfeelregretfulfornotchoosinganotherC．theywillfeelfreeduetothefeelingoflosingtheotherchoiceD．theywillthinknothingoftheirchosenchoiceanymoretocalmtheirinnerconflict3、AccordingtoLee,thehandwashersconsiderthejudgmentofchoice________.A．morescientificB．unnecessaryC．alittleconvincingD．absolutelyuseless4、WhatdoesSchwarzneedtoresearchmore?A．Whetherpeopleneedtojustifytheirchoice.B．Whetherpeoplefeelmoresorrowafterwashinghands.C．Whetherwashinghandshelpoveralongperiodoftime.D．Whetherwashinghandsishelpfultomakeachoice.5、Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．IsWashingHandsNecessarytoDefeatTension?B．WashingHands,WashesOurMindC．WashingHands,HelpsMakeaBetterChoiceD．WashingHands,ReducestheStressofDecision24．（8分）What’sthepointofstudying?It’ssomethingyoumightaskyourselfifyou’restudyingforadegreeandyou’restrugglingtocompletehomeworkorinanexam,especiallyifyourfriendsseemtobeouthavingagoodtime,orareworkingandearninglotsofmoney.Manyofuschoosetogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareeristogotouniversityasafirststeptowardsagoodcareerbutsometimesthatcareerishardtoachieveandgraduatesendupdoingsomethingtheyareoverqualifiedfor.Withtheincreasingcostsofuniversity,studentsbegintoaskthemselveswhetheradegreepathisthebestrouteintoacareer,Thereisaneedformuchbettercareeradviceandguidanceintoemploymentinadditiontouniversityeducation.Butothernewresearchsaysthatadegreewillinthelongrun,earnyoumore.Howevertherearedifferencesinyourearningpotential.DrJackBrittonsaysthat“graduatesofthe24RussellGroupuniversitiesearnanaverageof£33,500afterfiveyears-about40%morethanthosewhostudiedatotheruniversities.”However,ithasfoundit’snotjustthelocationbutotherfactorsthatcanplayapartinwhatyoucanearn,suchasthesubjectastudentchoosestostudy.Itdiscoveredthatfiveyearsaftergraduation,theincomegapbetweenstudentswhostudiedthesubjectsthatattractthehighestandlowestsalariescanbeconsiderable.Graduatesinsubjectssuchaslaw,medicine,dentistryaswell,tendtodowell.Andastheyprogress,thepaygapbetweenthesecareersandothers,suchasthecreativearts,widens.Therearefactorstoothatinfluencewhatyoumightearn:Fiveyearsaftergraduation,menearnonaverage14%morethanwomen.Also,astudent’ssocialbackgroundcanhaveaneffect,withthosefrombetter-offhouseholdmuchmorelikelytogotouniversityandparticularlyagoodone.Butifyoustillfeeluniversitydoesn’tdeliverthebestopportunitiesthenthereareencouragingwordsfromAlistairJarvis,headofuniversitiesUK,whotoldBBCNewsthat“Employsaredemandingmoregraduatesandgraduatesarehalfaslikelytobeunemployedaslikelytobeunemployedasnon-graduates.Therearemanygoodgraduateoutcomescomingfromuniversities”Somayallthatstudyingisworthit-afterall‘nopain,nogain’!1、Whydostudentsstarttoquestionwhethertogotouniversityornot?A．Becauseoftheheavystudyingburden.B．Becausetheycan’tgetadegreeaftergraduation.C．Becausetheydon’tneedadegreefortheircareer.D．Becauseoftheincreasingcostsofuniversity.2、Whichmajormaymostprobablyleadtoalower-earningcareer?A．Medicine. B．Law.C．Creativearts. D．Dentistry.3、WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobefiredaccordingtoAlistairJarvis?A．Graduates. B．Non-graduates.C．Doctors. D．Employers.4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．RussellGroupuniversitiesaretopones.B．Moststudentsgotouniversitytogetagoodcareer.C．One’slocationhasnoeffectonhisincome.D．Graduatesoftenhavemoreacademicqualificationsthanrequiredforaparticularjob.25．（10分）Everest121minAdventure/Biography/DramaStoryline:AgroupofclimbersstarttheirfinalclimbtothesummitofMountEverest，thehighestpointonEarth.Withlittlewarning，aviolentstormstrikesthemountain，swallowingtheadventurers...Director:BaltasarKormakurStars:JasonClarke,AngPhulaSherpa,ThomasM.WrightAddtowatchlistWarRoom120minDramaStoryline:TonyandElizabethJordan,seeminglyhaveitall--greatjobs,abeautifuldaughter,theirdreamhome.Inreality,theirmarriagehasbeenawarzone.WithguidancefromMissClara,anolder,wiserwoman,Elizabethdiscoversshecanstartfightingforherfamilyinsteadofagainstthem.Director:AlexKendrickStars:PriscillaC．Shirer,T.C．Stalligs,KarenAbercrombieAddtowatchlistStraightOuttaCompton147minBiography/Drama/MusicStoryline:In1987,fiveyoungmen,usinghonestrhymes,puttheirfrustrationandangeraboutlifeintothemostpowerfulweapontheyhad:theirmusic.StraightOuttaComptontellsthetruestoryofhowtheseculturalrebels（叛逆者）stooduptotheauthoritiesthatmeanttokeepthemdownandformedtheworld’smostdangerousgroupN.W.A．Director:F.GaryGrayStars:O’SheaJacksonJr.,CoreyHawkins,JasonMitchellAddtowatchlistAWalkInTheWoods104minAdventure/Biography/ComedyStoryline:AfterspendingtwodecadesinEngland,BillBrysonreturnstotheUS,wherehedecidesthebestwaytoconnectwithhishomelandistohiketheAppalachianTrail.HetravelswithKatz,oneofhisoldestfriends.Thetroubleisthatthetwohaveacompletelydifferentdefinitionoftheword,“adventure”.Therealfunbegins...Director:KenKwapisStars:RobortRedford,NickNolte,EmmaThompsonAddtowatchlist1、Ifyoupreferfamily-themedmovies,whichoneshouldsee?A．EverestB．WarRoomC．StraightOuttaComptonD．AWalkInTheWoods2、WhatisN.W.Aaccordingtothepassage?A．AmovieclubB．AmusicgroupC．AnadventureteamD．Acharityorganization3、WhydoesBillBrysonhiketheAppalachainTrail?A．ToaccompanyhisfriendKatzB．ToexerciseandkeephimselffitC．TostrengthenhisbondwiththeUSD．Tohaveanadventureinthewoods第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）EverySaturdaynightmyfamilyandIgooutandfeedthehomelesspeopleinthecityofOrlando.Therearehundredsofpeopleacrossthecitywithoutany1orshelter.Wehavebeendoingthisforseveralmonths.Wewantedtoseewhatitwaslikeinthe2ofahomelessperson.OnespecialthingIliketo3is,myfamilyandIdonoteatbeforewebeginour4soweknowhowitfeelstobe5Alloftheareaswegotoarevery6,suchasParramore,GoreStreetanddowntownOrlando.Weallgettogetherinthe7andpreparethefood.Someofthemealsaresandwichesandcookiesandabottleofwater.Sometimesmymom8asteaminghotdeliciousmeal.Wethen9themalluptofeed30ormorepeople.Iliketowritespecial10onthebaglike,“Godlovesyou”.BeforemyfamilyandIgetintothecar,weaskGodforprotectioninafamilyprayer.Alotofpeople11homelesspeople.Notallhomelesspeoplearedrugaddictsor12people.Someare13nice.Someofthemjusthadbadthingsthat14tothem.Atfirst,wehadtoearntheirtrust,becausealotofpeopleare15tothemfornogoodreason.Butnowthattheyseeuseveryweekthey16us.Weevenknowsomeoftheirnames.Weallhavetorememberthatthesearepeoplethathave17Someofthemshakeourhandsforgivingthemfood.Someofthemdoreallyfunnydancesbecausetheyarehappy.Afterwefinishedfeedingthehomeless,itmakesme18whatIhaveathome.Sometimesitmakesmesad,andmakesmymom19.Ilovefeedingthehomeless,andmakinga(n)20insomeone’slife.1、A．power B．strength C．experience D．food2、A．belief B．plan C．life D．dream3、A．mention B．charge C．expect D．gain4、A．collection B．journey C．holiday D．investigation5、A．curious B．separate C．tense D．hungry6、A．dangerous B．tidy C．busy D．peaceful7、A．birthday B．kitchen C．field D．restaurant8、A．eats B．buys C．prepares D．serves9、A．break B．give C．use D．bag10、A．notes B．poems C．novels D．articles11、A．arrest B．misunderstand C．save D．adopt12、A．patient B．active C．bad D．careless13、A．finally B．luckily C．barely D．really14、A．happened B．owed C．led D．added15、A．interesting B．mean C．familiar D．unusual16、A．trust B．respect C．forgive D．relax17、A．tasks B．goals C．feelings D．methods18、A．accept B．require C．spend D．appreciate19、A．fight B．cry C．complain D．argue20、A．experiment B．fortunate C．difference D．report第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-termrest.Instead,sheisearning£6500adayas1．modelinNewYork.Sarah2．(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel3．(earn)amilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,4．hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher5．(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral6．(invite)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree7．engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.8．atthemoment,schoolcomesfirst.Idon’twanttogettoo9．(absorb)inmodeling.Itiscertainlyfunthatthelifestyleisalittle10．(real).Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore.”第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。Hi,everyone、Toletusgetcloselytonatureanddomoreexercise,theCommitteeofourcommunityw