外研社高中英语必修一Module1-6所有重点归纳

Module1MyFirstDayatSeniorHigh1How’sitgoing?=Howiseverythingrecently?2cover：包含，包括●becoveredwith被……覆盖3attheendof…在……结束的时候Eg:Class5isattheendofthecorridor.●intheend=atlast最后，终于（一般时态）Eg:IamsureIwillwinintheend.●bytheendof…到……为止(后用完成时态)Eg:①Bytheendofthisterm,wewillhavelearnttwoEnglishbooks.②Bytheendoflastyear,wehadfinishedourtask.●endupwith以……告终4receive客观上收到;accept主观上收到Eg:Ireceivedhisinvitationbutdidnotacceptit.5divide：划分，把整体分为若干部分Eg:Theworldisdivideintofivecontinents.※比较separate：分隔，把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来6表参加活动的短语：takepartin+活动jointhepartyjoininthegameattend+themeeting7.Theteachersareveryenthusiasticandfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing.表示“吃惊”的几个单词：◆surprise指“由于出乎意料而感到惊异或诧异”。Eg:Hiscomingsurprisedme.◆astonish指“由于出乎意料而又不能理解而感到吃惊”，语意较强。Eg:Iwasastonishedtoseehegotupsoearly.◆amaze指“由于认为似乎不可能或极少可能发生的事的出现而感到大为诧异、迷惑不解”，语意较强。Eg:Iwasamazedathisconfidence.8.Everyroomhasacomputerwithaspecialscreen,almostasbigasacinemascreen.as…as…表示“和……一样……”。Eg:Mybookisasinterestingasyours.9.TheteacherisaveryenthusiasticwomancalledMr.Shen.calledMsShen在此作定语。10.We’reusinganewtextbookandMsShen’smethodofteachingisnothinglikethatoftheteachersatmyJuniorHighschool.(1)表示“方法、办法”的几个单词：◆method作可数名词，指（系统的、逻辑的）方法、办法。后面常接of+动名词，不接不定式）；作不可数名词，指秩序，条理，规律。Eg:①Heisamanofhavingaccurateandstrictmethods.②Wemustgetsomemethodintoourofficefilling.◆way为可数名词，后接不定式或of+动名词。Eg:①Wemustfindawaytosolvethiskindofproblem.②Thenormalwayofcarryingoutsuchakindplanisverydifficult.◆means单复数形式相同，其前有a,one,this,that,every等有时表单数意义，其前有such,these,those,all等有时表复数意义，其多指抽象或概括性的含义，后可接不定式，也可接of+动名词/名词。Eg:Thereisnomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.(2)nothinglike+n./pron.◆完全不像，一点也不像Eg:She’snothinglikehermother.◆没有什么能赶得上Eg:There’snothinglikeaholidaytomakeonefeelrested.11.Idon’tthinkIwillbeboredinMsShen’sclass!Think表示意见和看法，其后的宾语从句中的否定词not被移到主句中，该现象被称为“否定转移”。类似的动词还有：expect,believe,suppose,imagine等。Eg:①Idon’tsupposethatshewillbebackuntilnight.②IshallnotexpectyoutillIseeyou.12Wedothisinafunway,withspellinggamesandotheractivities.ina…way以……的方式：Eg:Childrenlikeplayinggamesinafunway.※[辨析]inthisway/innoway/intheway/inaway/bytheway/ontheway◆inthisway用这种方法、手段Eg:Onlyinthiswaycanyouworkouttheproblem.◆innoway决不Eg:Wecaninnowaygiveintotheenemy.◆intheway,也可以写成inone’sway，意思是“挡了某人的路”，“妨碍了某人”。Eg:①Theboxisjustinmywaytotheroom.②Don’tstandinthewaywhenIamcarryingouttheplan.◆inaway在某种程度上，有点Eg:Youarecorrectinaway.◆bytheway意思是“顺便说一下”，“顺便问一句”，也可以表示“在途中”。多位于句首。Eg:①Bytheway,wherehashegone?②Hestoppedforapicnicbytheway.◆I’llbuysomebreadonthe/mywayhome.②Sheisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.7.Inotherwords,therearethreetimesasmanygirlsasboys.(1)inotherwords意为“换言之，换句话说，也就是说”。(2)threetimesasmanygirlsasboys是比较结构。其基本形式是“as+adj/adv原级+as从句”。Eg:①Thisroomisasbigasthatone.②MaryrunsasfastasJenny.类似的结构还有“as+much+不可数名词+as从句”。Hesavedasmuchmoneyashecould.8.lookforwardto意思是“盼望”，后面跟名词或动词的ing形式。Eg:Idon’tknowwhatresulttheyarelookingforwardtoseeing.※[联想、发散]英语中很多短语中的to为介词。devote…to献身于…… getdownto…认真考虑…… payattentionto…注意……stickto…坚持…… getusedto…习惯于…… leadto…导致……9.LiKangisveryimpressedwiththeteachersandthetechnologyinhisnewschool.Impress及物动词(1)给予（人）印象。Eg:Theirmannersimpressedusfavorably.(2)使（人、心等）铭记（事、物）（un,upon）。Eg:Thataccidentimpressedonmethenecessityoftrafficregulations.(3)感动（人），打动（人心）(with,by)。Eg:Heimpressedtheworldwithhisadventure.他的冒险精神使全球的人深受感动。10.Wouldyoumindansweringthequestionsforme?mind+ing形式，不可以用不定式。11.Attheendoftwelfthgrade,Americanstudentsreceivethehighschooldiploma.attheend一般不单独使用，后常接of短语，意为“在……结束的时候”，表示时间点，因此句子多用一般时态。Eg:Attheendofthetalk,heexpressedhisgreatsatisfactionwithus.※[辨析]◆bytheend一般不单独使用，后常跟of短语，意为“到……结束的时候”，表示一段时间，因此句子多用完成时态，如过去完成时或将来完成时。Eg:Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt1000words.◆intheend后不可跟of短语，表示最终的结果，相当于finally或atlast。Eg:Theyfoundthelostboyintheend.12.Theschoolyearisdividedintotwosemestersbedividedinto指把一个整体分成若干部分，有时表示“平均分成几份”的意思。◆separate…from把……和……分隔开，指由于事物阻隔而被分离。Module3MyFirstRideonaTrain(1)distance:n.距离 Eg①atadistance在远处 ②atadistancefrom离……有一段距离 ③fromadistance在远处 ④inthedistance在远方，在远处（2）supply:v.供给，供应，补充 Supplysb.withsth.=supplysth.tosb. Eg:Theysupplythehomelesschildrenwithfood. =Theysupplyfoodtothehomelesschildren. 其复数形式supplies指“日用品，生活必需品，补给品”等1.RecentlyIhadmyfirstrideonalong-distancetrain.不久前，我第一次乘坐长途火车。（1）句子中long-distance的表达法，这是由adjective+noun构成的复合形容词。类似的有full-time全日制的，second-hand二手的，first-rate一流的，high-class高级的，large-scale大规模的，high-tech高科技的，kind-hearted善良的，absent-minded走神的，good-looking样子好看的。除此之外，还有其他复合词的表达法：名词：daughter-in-law媳妇，speed-reading快速阅读动词：baby-sit照顾婴儿，window-shop观望，物色2.Andwhataride!！感叹句，主谓语被省略，全句是：Whata(beautiful)rideitwas!很多感叹句是由what或how引起的，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词或动词。Eg:(1)Whatanicevoicehehas!Whatatallboyheis!(2)Howniceavoicehehas!Howtallaboyheis!3.Suddenly,itlookedlikeaplacefromanothertime.Looklike…看起来好象……4.Isatandlookedoutofthewindow.我坐在那儿看着窗外。lookout看外面，小心；lookoutof…看着……的外面5.Theytriedridinghorses,butthehorsesdidn’tlikethehotweatherandsand.trydoingsth.尝试干某事trytodosth.尽力干某事Eg:①Weshouldtrytomakeeverythingreadybeforetheteachercomes.②Thestudentstrieddoingtheexperimentsomeotherway.6.TheAfghansandtheircamelsdidthisuntilthe1920s.the1920s20世纪20年代请注意时间表达法：the1830s 19世纪30年代the60s 60年代inher80s 在她八十多岁的时候7.Travelingataspeedover400kilometresperhour,thetraincancompletethe30-kilometrejourneyineightminutes.请注意速度speed和介词at的连用：ataspeedof50miles atthetopofone’sspeedModule4ASocialSurvey–MyNeighbourhood(1)It’sbeensixyearssincewelastsaweachother,youknow.◆since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点；1980，lastmonth,halfpastsix）Eg:Ihavebeenheresince1989.◆since+一段时间+ago Eg:Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.◆since+从句 Eg:Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.◆Itis+一段时间+since从句 Eg:ItistwomonthssinceIbecameateacher.(2)AndthisisthefirsttimeI’vevisitedyourhometown.This/Itis+序数词+time+(that)+sb+havedonesth表示“第几次做某事”Eg:①ThisisthesecondtimeIhavebeentoChangsha.(3)…butthisisoneofthemostattractiveplacesI’vebeento.◆ThisisthebestteaIhaveeverdrunk◆注意(sb)havebeentoaplace:（某人）到过某地（该人现已不在那个地方）(sb)havegonetoaplace:（某人）已去了某地（该人不在说话现场(4)It’ssolively,andeveryoneseemssofriendly.lively:活泼的，有生气的，用做定语或表语，可以指人或物Eg:Ifindthegirlhasalivelymind.◆live:活的，活生生的，有生命的，现场直播（做定语，放在被修饰的名词前）Eg:①Haveyoucaughtalivefishintheriver?②Thereisalivebasketballmatchat9:45tonight.◆living:活的，健在的，现行的（作表语或定语）Eg:BaJinisregardedasoneofthebestlivingwriters.◆alive:活的，有生命的（作表语，后置定语或补足语，作表语的时候，可与living互换）Eg:Hewasalive/livingwhenhewassenttothehospital.(5)Ifeelveryfortunatelivinghere.生活在这里我感到很幸运。(sb)feelfortunate(in)doingsth（某人）因有机会做某事而感到幸运(6)What’sthedifferenceamongthefollowingsentences?YouliveinthenorthwestofXiamen.(in:范围之内)YoulivetothenorthwestofXiamen.(to:范围之外的，不接壤)Youliveonthecoastofthesea.(on:范围之内，可指接壤，也可指在河畔)(7)Prettyhotandwetinthesummer,butitcanbequitecoldinwinter.注意:二者都可以用作副词，意为“相当、很”， (8)SoundsOKtome./Thatsoundsgreat.Sound连系动词，后跟adj作表语，无被动语态。类似词还有look,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become等。(9)Youdon’treallyseetouristswhereIlive.我住的地方你其实是看不见游客。此句是where引导的地点状语从句,意为“在……地方”。 Eg:①Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. ②Putthebookwhereitwas!(10)They’veputupalotofhigh-risebuildingrecently.putup有建立的意思(11)Nowwe’releavingthebusinessdistrictandapproachingtheharbour.be+V-ing:用现在进行时表示将来，往往表示：“意图”、“打算”、“安排”、常用于人。有此类用法的词还有come,go,start,arrive,leave,stay等。 Eg:①I'mleavingtomorrow. ②Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?(12)Sotheytellme.他们就是这样告诉我的。So在倒装句中的不同意义：①so+助动词＋B:A怎么样，B也怎么样②B＋助动词＋so:A让B去做某事，B按A的要求去做了③so+A+助动词:A确实怎么样[相关]either/nor+助动词+B:A不怎么样，B也不怎么样④如前一句中谓语既有肯定，又有否定，应用Soitis/waswithB或Itis/wasthesamewithB。Module5ALessoninaLabWhenweusemetals,itisimportanttoknowhowtheyreactwithdifferentsubstances,forexample,waterandoxygen.reactvi.&vt.①作出反应，反应。后接介词to。Eg:Howdidshereacttothenews?②影响，起作用。后接介词on/upon。Eg:Thetworeactuponeachother.③抗拒，反抗。后接against。Childrentendtoreactagainsttheirparentsbygoingagainsttheirwishes.④起反作用，反过来起作用。常接介词on/upon。Eg:Unkindnessoftenreactsontheunkindperson.⑤[化]起化学作用，[物]反应。后接介词with/on。Eg:a.Howdoacidsreactonmetals?b.Anacidcanreactwithabasetoformasalt.(2)Tofindoutifironrustsindryair.弄清楚铁在干燥的空气中是否生锈。findout指经过探听、询问、调查之后，才发现某事或事情的真相。Eg:①Hehasfoundoutthemanwhostolethewatch.②Willyoutrytofindoutwhenthetrainsleave?[辨析]◆find有偶然发现某物的意思Eg:Onherwayhome,Timfoundawalletlyingontheground.◆discover表示发现存在的但以前不为人知的事物，也可表示发现已为人知的事物的新的性质或用途，这种发现可能是有意的，也可能是无意的。Eg:MadameCuriediscoveredtheelementofradium.Putthesewordsinthecorrectordertodescribethestagesofascientificexperiment.put…inthecorrectorder按正确的顺序排列。inorder按顺序。Eg:①Thereactionofmetalswiththesesubstancescanbeputinorder.②Puteverythingintheroominorder.(4)Now,what’stheaimofthisexperiment,ZhouKai?这次实验的目的是什么，周凯？aim①vt.&vi.把……瞄准；把……对准掷向；意欲，旨在。Eg:a.Thisanti-smokingcampaignismainlyaimedatyoungteenagers.b.Mybrotheraimstobeanovelist.②n.目标，目的。常接介词TO。Eg:Itisnowouraimtosetupafactory.5.No,weneedrathermorethanthat–abouttwoandahalfgrams.我们所需要的要大大超过那些——大约两克半。rather是程度副词，修饰比较级more。例如：Eg:①Fortheold,livinginthecountryisrathermorecomfortablethanincity.②Thiscomputerisrathermoreexpensivethanthatone.※注意：与rather近义的quite,fairly,very,too不能修饰比较级。可修饰比较级的词有：◆abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。◆还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。Eg:①Tomisfarclevererthananyotherboysintheclass.②SamistwiceolderthanI.③LearningGreekismuchharderthanlearningEnglish.6.Ineverusedtoenjoyscience,butlastyearIchangedschools,andthescienceteachersatmynewschoolareexcellent.usedtodosth.表示过去常常做某事，强调现在不再这样做。其否定式是usednot…,可缩写为usedn’t/usen’t,口语中可用didn’tuse…。例如：Eg:①IusedtolivetherewhenIwasachild.②Usedyoutolikeopera?/Didyoulikeopera?③Thereusedtobeachurchhere,usedn’tthere?◆beusedtodosth.被用来做某事Eg:Woodcanbeusedtomakepaper.木材可以用来造纸。◆be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Eg:Hewasusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.Module6TheInternetandTelecommunications1.TheInternetisthebiggestsourceofinformationintheworld,andit’saccessiblethroughacomputer.因特网是世界上最大的信息资源，它可以通过电脑使用。accessibleadj可进入的；可使用的。常接介词to。Eg:Medicineshouldnotbekeptwhereitisaccessibletochildren.2.Itconsistsofmillionsofpagesofdata.它包含无数的数据页。Consistvi（由某部分，要素）组成（of）Eg:①Airconsistschieflyofnitrogen.空气主要由氮气组成。②Thecommitteeconsistsoftwentymembers.该委员会由二十名成员组成。3.Itthenbecamepossibleforuniversitiestousethesystemaswell.(1)aswell起副词作用，其语气相当于too或also（也，还），一般放在句末。Eg:①IlikeJohnandIlikehisbrotheraswell.②Schoolswillhavetoteachcomputerskillsaswell.学校还得教计算机技能。(2)It+be/become+adj.+forsb/sthtodosth.It是形式主语，代替forsb/sthtodosthEg:ItisimportantforthestudentstolearnEnglishwell.4.HecameupwiththeideaoftheWorldWideWebin1989whilehewasworkinginSwitzerland.1989