沈阳师范大学外国语学院846语言学历年考研真题汇编

目录

2012年沈阳师范大学外国语学院850语

言学考研真题

2013年沈阳师范大学外国语学院851语

言学考研真题

2014年沈阳师范大学外国语学院849语

言学考研真题

2012年沈阳师范大学外国语学院850语言学考研真题

科目代码：850

科目名称：语言学

I.解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）

1．aphasia

2．ICanalysis

3．productivity(asapropertyoflanguage)

4．locutionaryact

5．phoneme

II.简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计40分）

1．Whatismeantby“arbitrariness”accordingtoSaussure?

2．Isthereageneraltrendinlanguagechange?

3．Whatarethecrucialfeaturesofdiglossiainthenarrowsenseoftheterm?

4．Whyisspokenlanguageprimaryandwritingsecondary?

5．Explainsentencemeaningandutterancemeaning.

III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题10分，合计40分）

1．Studythefollownote.Nameatleast4waysTomusesforshowing

politeness.

DearProfessorWang,

I’mwritingtoapologizeformyfailuretoturnupforourappointment

yesterday.Oneofmybestfriendscametoseeme.Wehaven’tseeneach

otherformorethan5years.Pleasepardonme.Iwonderifitispossibleto

haveanotherappointmentsometimethisweekend.Thankyou.

Yourstruly,

Tom

2．Howwouldyoudescribetheoddnessofthefollowingsentences,using

semanticfeatures?

a.Thetelevisiondrankmywater.

b.Hisdogwritespoetry.

3．Wecanusethepattern“itis…”(thecleftconstruction)toemphasizeany

partofasentenceexceptthepredicate.Whatcanwedoifwemustemphasize

it?Pleaseemphasizeeverypossiblepartofthefollowingsentence:

Isawanambulancebeforethebuildingyesterday.

4．ThinkofthefourmaximsoftheCooperativePrincipleproposedbyP.

Grice.Explaintheviolationofmaximsinthecasesbelowandpointouttheir

possibleimplicature.

(1)A:Couldyoudefinethetermgynecology?

B:Well,gynecologyisgynecology.That’sit.

(2)A:Ilikethispopularsongsomuch.Howaboutyou?

B:Ioftenhearclassicalmusic.

(3)A:Let’sdineoutwiththekidsthisweekend.

B:Okay,butnotM-c-D-o-n-a-l-d-s.

A:London’sthecapitaloftheUnitedStates.

B:Yes,Beijing’sthecapitalofJapan.

IV.回答下列问题（共2题，每题25分，合计50分）

1．Saussureputsforwardstheconceptoflangueandparole,andChomsky

putsforwardtheconceptofcompetenceandperformance.Pleaseexplainthe

differencesandsimilarities,ifany,ofthetwopairs:langueandparolevs.

competenceandperformance.

2．Makeacommentonthefollowingstatementbasedonyourown

experience:

Thereexistsacloserelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.Inother

words,asuccessfulmasterofagivenlanguagehasmuchtodowithan

understandingofthatculture.

2013年沈阳师范大学外国语学院851语言学考研真题

科目代码：851

科目名称：语言学

I.解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）

1．Minimalpairs

2．Culturaltransmission

3．CooperativePrinciple

4．Diglossia

5．Move-α

II.简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计40分）

1．Whatarethewell-knowntheoriesabouttheoriginoflanguage?

2．Whatarethecriteriaofacompoundword?

3．Whatisspeechacttheory?

4．Whatisspeechcommunity?

5．Whatisthedifferencebetweenstabilizationandfossilization?

III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题10分，合计40分）

1．TellthesenserelationbetweenAandBineachofthefirstfourpairs,and

theoneinthelastsentence:

A.Shegotatulip.

B.Shegotaflower.

A.Youhaven’treturnedthebooktome.

B.Youreceivedabookfromme.

A.Theboychasedthedog.

B.Thedogwaschasedbytheboy.

A.Markisabachelor.

B.Markismarried.

Theblackboardhasabadtemper.

2．Identifytheboundmorphemesinthefollowingwords:

theteacher’sbooks

it’ssnowingheavily

theshortenedstick

thesmallestmonkeyjumpedoverthemoon

towalkcarelessly

3．Howwouldyoudescribetheshortexchangeintermsofindirectspeech

act?

Motorist:Mycarneedsanewexhaustsystem.

Mechanic:I’llbebusywiththeothercarallday.

4．CommentbrieflyontheBritishlinguistPalmer’sargumentthat“thereis

noabsolutedistinctionbetweengradableantonymsandcomplementary

antonyms.Wecantreatmale/female,married/single,alive/deadasgradable

antonymsonoccasions.Someonecanbeverymaleormoremarriedand

certainlymoredeadthanalive.”

IV.回答下列问题（共2题，每题25分，合计50分）

1．WhatisthedifferencebetweenthewesternnotionoffaceandtheChinese

notionofface?

2．Trytounderstandthefollowingtwoparagraphs,anddescribeand

commentwhattwocontrastingapproachesorperspectivesoflanguage

studieseachofthequotesrepresents.

a)Ahumanlanguageisasystemofremarkablecomplexity.Tocometo

knowahumanlanguagewouldbeanextraordinaryintellectualachievement

foracreaturenotspecificallydesignedtoaccomplishthistask.Anormal

childacquiresthisknowledgeonrelativelyslightexposureandwithout

specifictraining.Thuslanguageisamirrorofmindinadeepandsignificant

sense.Itisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividual

byoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.

(Chomsky)

b)Itisfairlyobviousthatlanguageisusedtoserveavarietyofdifferent

needs,butuntilweexamineitsgrammarthereisnoclearreasonfor

classifyingitsusesinanyparticularway.Thisenablesustogiveanaccount

ofthedifferentfunctionsoflanguagethatisrelevanttothegeneral

understandingoflinguisticstructureratherthantoanyparticular

psychologicalorsociologicalinvestigation.(Halliday)

2014年沈阳师范大学外国语学院849语言学考研真题

科目代码：849

科目名称：语言学

I.解释下列术语（共5题，每题4分，合计20分）

1．arbitrariness

2．langue

3．accousticphonetics

4．componentialanalysis

5．interlanguage

II.简单回答下列问题（共5题，每题8分，合计40分）

1．ExplainthefourmajorXPs.

2．Giveatleastoneexampletoillustrateovergeneralizationinerror

analysis.

3．Whatisidiolect?

4．Whatarethethreekindsofantonyms?

5．What’sKrashen’sInputHypothesis?

III.用语言学理论分析下列各题（共4题，每题10分，合计40分）

1．Identifythemorphemes(derivativeorinflectionalmorphemes)usedin

thefollowingsentences.

It’ssnowingheavily.

Theartistdecidedtodonateallhispicturestothegallery.

Chinawillmakeagreatercontributiontohumanity.

Thatisadesirableeconomicreform.

2．Pointouttheambiguityinvolvedineachofthefollowingsentences.

Theyareflyingplanes.

Heisanassociateeditorandprofessor.

Theyfedherdogbiscuits.

Theyarelyingonthegrass.

Hesawapieceofwoo