2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳二十中高三(上)模拟英语试卷一模(不含听力)

2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳二十中高三（上）模拟英语试卷一模（不含听力）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。11．（7.5分）IntroductiontoSanxingduiMuseumSituatedinthenortheastofthestate-protectedSanxingduiSitebythebankoftheYaziRiverinGuanghan-acityfamedforitslonghistoryandsplendidculture，SanxingduiMuseumisamodernthememuseumwhichis40kilometerstothenorthofCheng.Coveringatotalareaof530yields，SanxingduiMuseumhaditsfoundationlaidinAugust1992，andopenedtothepublicinOctober1997.Featuredforitsrelics，architecture，demonstrationandgardens，themuseumhasbecomeaplaceofculturalandtouristattractionsenjoyingprestigebothathomeandabroadandoneofthethreeexquisitespotsSichuanhasofferedtotheworldtourism.NoticetoSanxingduiSiteMuseumTravelersⅠ.Opening&BookingTimeOpeningtime：GalleryOne8：30-18：00GalleryTwo8：30-18：30Bookingtime：8：30-17：00Ⅱ.VisitingRouteGalleryOne→GalleryTwoⅢ.TicketPrice（1）Galleryticket¥72¥36（students）（2）Gardenticket¥5Theticketisusedonthesolddayandeachgalleryonce.Admissionfreeforchildrenunder1.2meters（including1.2m），seniorsaged60oraboveandthedisabled.Ⅴ.GuideService&Price（1）GuideServiceIfyouneedamuseumguide，pleaseemployoneatthereceptiondeskinGalleryOne.Chinese，Cantonese，Tibetan：¥80（Groupbelow20persons）English，Japanese：¥120（Groupbelow20persons）（2）GuideRange：Gallery1&Gallery2（3）Ittakesabout80minuteseachguideservice.（4）WeprovideChinese&Englishautoguidingdevicefreeofcharge.PleasedepositCNY¥200andyourvalidcredential.Ifdamagedorlost，youshouldcompensateaccordingtothecostprice.Ⅳ.Consultingtelephone.Complaintagainstthepricetelephone：12358（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutSanxingduiMuseum？_______A.It'slocatedinthenortheastofChengdu.B.It'sanancientthememuseum.C.It'safamousplaceofculturalandtouristattractions.D.It'stheonlytoptouristspotsinSichuan.（2）Asauniversitystudent，youaccompanyyour68-year-oldgrandpaonatriptoSanxingduiMuseum，howmuchwillyoupayforthetickets？_______A.¥154.B.¥118.C.¥77.D.¥41.（3）Jennifer，whoisfromNewYork，wantstovisitthemuseum，shemay_______.A.payCNY¥200foramuseumguideB.firstcallthemuseumat12358forenquiryC.useChinese&EnglishautoguidingdeviceforfreeD.depositsomemoneyandprovidehervalidcredential• 12．（10分）TherearesomanythingsthatmaketheyearsIspentinhighschoolmemorableforme.Butnoneasmemorableasthehomecoming（校友返校聚会）dancewhereIlearnedhowtogetovermyfearofspeakingtopeoplemetforthefirsttimeandgettoknowmoreaboutmyparents.Duringthishomecoming，Idecidedtomakeachange—insteadofmakingplanswithmybestfriendstogotothedanceasagroup，Iinvitedagirltobemypartner，whotutoredmeinmathandscience.Atfirst，Iwasextromelynervousbecauseofbeingsurroundedbypeopleunfamiliarandevencouldnotspeakoutaword.Mypartnernoticedmydilemma（困境）andtookmetomeetwithherfriendsatthehomecomingdance.Thankstohercompany，Igraduallyfeltateasetalkingwithnewly-metpeople.Iremembermybestfriendtellingme"Highschoolreunionsareanexcuseforpeopleofourparents'agetoactlikekidsevenifonlyforonenight."IhadtoagreewithhimwhenIsawmyparentsdancingtoThrillerbyMichaelJacksonthatnight.Iwassurprisedandwenttowardsthemwhentheyfinishedtheirdancing，"Youlooklikemyparents，butIdon'tthinktheywoulddanceaswellasyoudo."Isaidinajokingfashion.TheysimplysmiledatmeandmymomaskedifIwantedtodancewithherwhilemydaddancedwithmypartner.IamgladthatItookthechancetodancewithmymom.Wehavenotdancedtogethereversince.ThatwasthenightIlearnedhowtobeagontle-manandchatwithpeoplewithsocialgraces.ItwasalsooneofthealmostunbelievablenightswhenmyparentsandIenjoyedeachother'scompanyandlearnedabouteachother'sexperiences.（1）Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor？_______A.Heusedtobeashyboy.B.Heoftendanceswithhismother.C.Hehasneverbeentoadancepartybefore.D.Hemadehisparentsunhappywithhisjoke.（2）What'stheauthor'sdilemma？________A.Knowinglittleabouthispartner'sfriends.B.Feelingnervousinanunfamiliarsituation.C.Havingnotimetotalkwithnewly-metpeople.D.Findinganexcusetoleavethehomecomingdance.（3）WhydidtheauthormentionMichaelJackson'sThriller？_______A.Tointroducehisfavoritesong.B.ToprovethepopularityofThriller.C.Toshowhisparentsactedliketheyoung.D.Toexplainhisparents'loveforMichaelJackson.（4）Whyisthehomecomingdancemostmemorablefortheauthor？________A.Hewasintroducedtoagirlpartner.B.Helearnedalotaboutsocialinteraction.C.Hehadthechancetohostthedanceparty.D.Hemademanyfriendsatthehomecomingdance.• 13．（10分）TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking，heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves，spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke，heartandlungdisease，childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood，coal，animalwaste，cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia，ChinaandLatinAmericancountries，suchasGuatermalaandPeru，arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymultipletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic（aSweden-basedcompany）thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG（LiquefieldPetroleumGas）cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunderwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew，safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia，youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan﹩1.00.Butthis，theagencysays，isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances/devices.（1）Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom？______A．Poisonousfuels.B．Hightechnology.C．Spaceheaters.D．Solarenergy.（2）HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped？_____A．Byshowingdifferences.B．Bydescribingaprocess.C．Bymakingalist.D．Byanalyzingdata.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？______A．Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B．Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C．Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D．Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.（4）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？______A．LPGcooksarebeingtestedout.B．Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C．Electricinductionstovesareexpensive.D．SolarlampsareverycheapinAfrica.• 14．（10分）Imagineyouare10yearsold．Youliveinabigcityandwanttovisityourbestfriend，afive-minutewalkaway，andthenyoucangotothepark，another10minutes'walk．Theproblemisthatthere'sabigdangerousroadbetweenyouandyourfriend，andanotherbetweenyourfriend'shomeandthepark．Whenyouaskyourparentsifyoucanwalkthere，theysayno．Buttheyaretoobusytotakeyoutherethemselves．Instead，youhaveavideoconversationwithyourfriend，orperhapsyouplayavideogameonthesofa．You'velostoutonexerciseandtimeoutside，interactingwithyourneighborhoodand，ofcourse，playtimewithyourfriend．Thisistherealityformanykidstoday-butitdoesn'thavetobethisway．TimGill，theauthorofUrbanChildren：GrowingUpinaRiskySociety，saysachild-friendlycityisonethatallows"everydayfreedom"，sochildrencanspreadtheirwingsastheygrow．"It'snotenoughtojusttalkaboutplaygroundsandnice，prettypublicspaces．Thatjustcreatesplayplacestheyhavetobetakentobyadults，"saysGill．"Society'smistakeisthatourplanningsystemsjustfocusoncars，house-buildingandtheeconomy-ratherthantheenvironment，healthandqualityoflife，"arguesGill，"Youwon'tfindanyurbanplannerswhocandisagreewiththat．It'sbecauseourdecision-makersfailtolookbeyondthenexttwoorthreeyears．"TimGilllistsfivechallengesforurbanchildreninhisbook：trafficandpollution，high-riseliving，crimeandsocialfears，inadequateandunequalaccesstothecity．Designingcitieswithyoungpeopleinmind-particularlyoutdoorspacesthatencouragesafemovementandsocialinteraction-standstobeanissueofgrowingconcernglobally．By2050，around70percentofpeoplewillliveincities，andthemajorityofthemwillbeunder18．Today，overabillionchildrenaregrowingupincities．（1）Whydoestheauthormakeanassumptioninthefirstparagraph？________A．Toshowhisdoubts．B．Togiveanexample．C．Topresenttheissue．D．Toexpresshisopinion．（2）Whatproblemdoestheauthorwanttoraiseabouturbanchildren？_________A．Theyhavefewfriends．B．Theyspendmuchtimeonvideos．C．Theyareunhealthyforlackofexercise．D．Theylose"freedom"becauseoftheriskysociety．（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph4referto？_________A．Lowqualityoflife．B．Lackofpublicspaces．C．Impropercityplanning．D．Criticismoncityplanners．（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext？A．PayingattentiontoyoungchildrenB．Thecallforachild-friendlycityC．ChallengesforurbanchildrenD．Problemsinmoderncities第二节（共1小题；每题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。15．（12.5分）GriffinKubikspenttwoyearsatChicagoWaldorfpreschoolbeforehisparentspulledtheplugonhisformaleducation.The6-year-oldnowspendshisdayswithhisparentstravelingintheirnewlypurchasedtouringcar."（1）_______，"saidGriffin'smom.Griffinisoneofabout3.5millionhomeschooledchildreninthenation.Thisnumberhasbeengrowingby3to8percenteachyearsince2012，accordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics.（2）_______.Theyrangefromparents'ideastomorepracticalissuesincludingglobally-focusedfamilieswhodon'twanttotietheirchildrentoasetwayoflearningandschool-basedissues.（3）_______.Thereareparentswhoteachkidsathomeloosely，andotherswhodoafullhomeschoolprogramdeliveredbytutorsandteachersinthehome.Buthomeschoolingisn'tproblem-free.Aspublicschoolteachers，GenolaJohnsonandherhusbandarehomeschoolingtheirchildren."（4）________.Besides，yourchildlosesinterestandisbored，whichcanbeduetonosocialinteraction（互动），"Johnsonsaid."Youhavetofindwaysforthemtosocializewiththeirpeers（同龄人）regardlessofthemhavingbrothersorsistersathome."（5）________.Intheearlyyears，parentsmayconsiderteachingtheirownchildren，butastheyadvance-orasthechildneedsclassesorotheropportunitiesforsocializing-thefeescanquicklyaddup.A.TaskscaneasilygetoutofcontrolB.HomeschoolingisbecomingmoreunacceptableC.HomeschoolingcanalsobecomeveryexpensiveD.WesuggestcreatingasetscheduleforhomeschoolingE.ThatgrowingpopularitycanresultfromanumberofthingsF.Homeschoolingalsocanbedesignedtofitafamily'slifestyleG.Forourfamily，learningwhiletravelingisofmorebenefitthangoingtoschool第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共1小题；每题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B，C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。16．（15分）Afewmonthsago，oneofmyfellowgraduatestudentswasofferedanincrediblecareer-buildingopportunity.Hiseffortsonastudent-ledcampaigntoincreasefederalfundingforbasicresearchhad（1）_____aninvitationtospeakonaconferencepanel（专家组）.ItwouldlookgreatonhisCV（简历）.Iwashappyforhim，ofcourse.Ihadbeena（n）（2）_____partnerinthecampaign.IfeltthatIdeservedthesameopportunity.YetIhadn'tbeen（3）_____andIwasn'tsurewhy.Growingup，Ihadbeentaughtthatthewayto（4）_____wastoputmyheaddownandworkhard.Ifmyworkwasgoodenough，itwouldspeakforitselfandIwouldbe（5）_____.Thisview，coupledwithanatural（6）_____，meantthatI（7）_____workedupthenervetoputmyselfforward.However，IdecidedthatIneedto（8）_____mylifeagain—bybecomingmyownbiggestadvocate.So，withmyheartbeatingfast，Iaskedmycolleaguetoaskthepanelorganizersto（9）_____me.Mymindwasfilledwithalistofwell-practiced（10）_____.MaybeIdidn'tdeserveit.MaybeIwasbeingtooambitious.Butmycolleagueimmediatelycontactedtheorganizers，whoquicklyagreedto（11）_____metothepanel.NowI'vecometounderstandthatIcan'tberecognizedformywordifI'minvisible.Thisisn'tarevolutionaryideawhichmanypeopleareunfamiliarwith.Iknow，butasanintrovert（内向的人）thisismy（12）_____MountEverest（珠穆朗玛峰）.Ithinkadvocatingformyselfwillalwaysmakemealittle（13）_____.ButIdoplentyofotheruncomfortablethingsto（14）_____I'mlivingmybestlife，likegettingflushots.IsupposeIcandothesameformy（15）_____.（1）A.referredto B.ledto C.turneddown D.putforward（2）A.special B.legal C.strict D.equal（3）A.informed B.promoted C.invited D.received（4）A.success B.practice C.power D.reality（5）A.rewarded B.preserved C.attracted D.affected（6）A.kindness B.patience C.shyness D.discourage（7）A.rarely B.frequently C.instantly D.completely（8）A.makesenseof B.findfaultwith C.payattentionto D.takecontrolof（9）A.benefit B.include C.observe D.promote（10）A.accomplishment B.emphasis C.inspiration D.Self-doubt（11）A.track B.send C.hire D.add（12）A.personal B.flexible C.complicated D.traditional（13）A.unreasonable B.uncomfortable C.dishonest D.discontent（14）A.demonstrate B.ensure C.illustrate D.predict（15）A.health B.colleague C.career D.education第二节（共1小题；每题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。17．（15分）WhoinventedtheATM？Therehavebeen（1）_____（argue）foryearsoverwhoshouldofficiallygodowninhistoryas"theinventoroftheATM".NowtheUKgovernmentis（2）_____（clear）sayingitwasJamesGoodfellow（3）_____inventedtheATM.Backinthemid-1960s，JamesGoodfellowwasworking（4）_____adevelopmentengineerforGlasgowfirmKelvinHughes，andhadbeenchargedwithinventingawaytoenablecustomerstowithdrawcashfrombankswhenSaturdayopeningended."Mostpeople（5）_____（work）duringtheweekcouldn'tgettothebank.Theywantedasolution.Thesolution（6）_____（be）amachinewhichwouldissuecashondemandtoa（7）_____（recognize）customer，"hesaid."Isetout（8）_____（develop）acash-issuingmachine，andmakethisareality，Iinventedthepin（personalidentificationnumber）andanassociatedcodedtoken（代币）."Thecashmachinehasbecomeaworld-conqueringpieceoftechnology.Therearenow3millionATMsworldwide，with（9）_____numberforecasttohit4millionby2020.ThegoodnewsforGoodfellowisthatpeoplearebeginningtoknowhimforhisinvention.Even（10）_____（good）forhim，theHomeOfficehasnowofficiallyrecognizedhisotherachievements.第四部分写作（共两节，满分15分）第一节（满分15分）18．（15分）假定你是李华，你的笔友Linda因为腿受伤而不能参加学校舞蹈队比赛，为此她感到失落和沮丧。请你给她发一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示安慰；2.提出建议；3.你的祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。19．（25分）Nieshacouldnotforgetthewayshehadfrozeninfrontoftheclasstoday.MrRobertshaddividedtheclassintogroupstodopresentations.WhenitwasNiesha'sturntospeak，shewassonervousthatherhandshadshakenbadly，hervoicehadbecomesofteranddiedaway.MrRobertshadkindlyendedNiesha'spartofthepresentationeventhoughshehadclearlynotfinished.HehadalsoaskedNieshatostayafterclassforamoment."Niesha.Iknowyou'reshy，butyouworkedhardonthisproject.I'dhatetoseeyougiveuponyourself."MrRobertshadhesitated，"IfIgiveyouuntiltomorrow，doyouthinkyoucanfindyourcourage？"Nieshahadnodded，gratefulforthechance.Shehadgoneasquicklyasshecouldtohernextclass.Shehadkeptherheaddownandhopedtheschooldaywouldendsoon.Whenshereachedherbackstepsthatafternoon，shecouldseeawarmlightcomingfromthekitchenwindows.Mommawasbaking.MommastudiedNiesha'sfaceasshecameintothekitchen."What'swrong.Niesha？"TearsshoneinNiesha'sbrowneyes.Shetoldherthewholestory.Mommawassilentforamoment，herhandsstillbusywiththecake."Whyisitthatyoucantalktomeaboutanythingandeverything，butyoucan'ttalktoyourclass？"Mommaasked.Shesetthetimerandthensaid."Letmeshowyousomething."NieshafollowedMommatoherbedroom.ThereMommashowedherabookwithnewspaperclippings（剪报）andpictures.Inittherewasablueribbon（丝带）thatsaid"FirstPlace"andapictureofMommawhenshewasveryyoung.Mommasaid，"Iwonitforpublicspeaking.Istartedtheschoolyearastheshyestgirlonthespeechteam，butIendedtheyearastheblueribbonwinner.Itwasn'teasybecauseIwaslackinginconfidence.Iworkedhard，andmostlyIfacedmyfears.Youjustneedtofindyourcourage."注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；HearingMomma'swords，Nieshagazedatthepreciousblueribbon，lostinthought.__________ThenextdayNieshaagainwalkedtothefrontoftheclassroomtogiveherpresentation.__________答案：11.CDC解读：（1）C.细节理解题。根据原文第二段"Featuredforitsrelics，architecture，demonstrationandgardens，themuseumhasbecomeaplaceofculturalandtouristattractionsenjoyingprestigebothathomeandabroadandoneofthethreeexquisitespotsSichuanhasofferedtotheworldtourism.博物馆以文物、建筑、展示、园林为特色，已成为国内外享有盛誉的文化旅游胜地之一，是三大精品之一。四川为世界旅游业提供的景点。"可知三星堆博物馆是一个著名的文化和旅游胜地。故选C.（2）D.数字计算题。根据原文Ⅲ.TicketPrice段"（1）Galleryticket¥72¥36（students）画廊门票¥72¥36（学生）（2）Gardenticket¥5花园门票¥5Admissionfreeforchildrenunder1.2meters（including1.2m），seniorsaged60oraboveandthedisabled.1.2米（含1.2米）以下儿童、60岁以上老年人、残疾人免费入场。"可知作为一名大学生，你陪你68岁的爷爷去三星堆博物馆旅行，会花41元来买票。故选D.（3）C.细节理解题。根据原文Ⅴ.GuideService&Price段"（4）WeprovideChinese&Englishautoguidingdevicefreeofcharge.我们免费提供中英文自动导向装置。"可知自纽约的詹妮弗参观博物馆可以免费使用中英文自动导向装置。故选C.12.ABCB解读：（1）A.推理判断题。根据第一段中Butnoneasmemorableasthehomecoming（校友返校聚会）dancewhereIlearnedhowtogetovermyfearofspeakingtopeoplemetforthefirsttimeandgettoknowmoreaboutmyparents.（但没有比校友返校舞会更令人难忘的了，在那里我学会了如何克服和第一次见面的人说话的恐惧，并更多地了解了我的父母）可知，返校舞会让作者克服了和陌生人说话的恐惧，由此可推知作者以前是个害羞的人。故选A项。（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段中Atfirst，Iwasextremelynervousbecauseofbeingsurroundedbypeopleunfamiliarandevencouldnotspeakoutaword.（一开始，我非常紧张，因为周围都是不熟悉的人，甚至说不出一句话）可知，作者的困境是在不熟悉的环境下感到紧张。故选B项。（3）C.推理判断题。第三段首句Iremembermybestfriendtellingme"Highschoolreunionsareanexcuseforpeopleofourparents'agetoactlikekidsevenifonlyforonenight."（我记得我最好的朋友告诉我："高中同学聚会是我们父母这个年纪的人表现得像孩子的借口，即使只有一晚。"）提到朋友告诉作者父母会在返校舞会上表现得像个孩子，结合下一句IhadtoagreewithhimwhenIsawmyparentsdancingtoThrillerbyMichaelJacksonthatnight（那天晚上，当我看到父母随着迈克尔杰克逊的Thiller起舞时，我不得不同意他的观点）可知，作者看到父母随着迈克尔杰克逊的Thiller起舞时，认为朋友说得对，即父母表现得像年轻人一样。故选C项。（4）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段中ThatwasthenightIlearnedhowtobeagentlemanandchatwithpeoplewithsocialgraces.（就在那天晚上，我学会了如何做一个温文尔雅的人，如何带着社交风度与人交谈）可知，返校舞会对于作者来说最难忘，是因为他学到了很多社会交往方面的知识。故选B项。13.ACBD（1）A.细节理解题。根据第二段Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves，spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.（这些发现表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中使用致命燃料是造成许多死亡的原因）可知，室内污染的主要原因是有毒燃料。故选A。（2）C.推理判断题。根据第三段WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke，heartandlungdisease，childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood，coal，animalwaste，cropwasteandcharcoal.（世卫组织官员说，室内污染会导致中风、心脏病和肺病、儿童肺炎和肺癌等疾病的过早死亡。妇女和女童是主要受害者。这些疾病往往是由燃烧固体燃料引起的。这些燃料包括木材、煤炭、动物粪便、作物废弃物和木炭）可推知，第三段主要是通过列举来展开的。故选C。（3）B.推理判断题。根据第四段TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia，ChinaandLatinAmericancountries，suchasGuatermalaandPeru，arealsoatrisk.（联合国发现，撒哈拉以南非洲地区超过95%的家庭依靠固体燃料做饭。该组织说，印度、中国以及危地马拉和秘鲁等拉美国家的大量人口也面临风险）可推知，大多数死亡发生在发展中国家。故选B。（4）D.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan＄1.00.（在非洲，你花不到1美元就能买到一盏太阳能灯）可知，D选项"太阳能灯在非洲很便宜"正确。故选D。14.CDCB解读：（1）C．推理判断题．第一段Imagineyouare10yearsold．Youliveinabigcityandwanttovisityourbestfriend，afive-minutewalkaway，andthenyoucangotothepark，another10minutes'walk．提到假设你10岁，你住在大城市．如果你想去找自己最好的朋友玩，只需要5分钟就可以走到他家．然后再走10分钟，你就可以到公园了．但是问题是，你家和朋友家之间有一条危险的大马路．朋友家和公园之间也有一条大马路．你问爸爸妈妈你可以自己去找朋友玩吗，他们不准你去．而且他们也没空送你去好朋友家．作者第一句话首先imagine（做假设），然后第二句话就提出theproblem（问题）．所以前面的假设主要是为后面的问题做铺垫．故选C项．（2）D．推理判断题．第一段Theproblemisthatthere'sabigdangerousroadbetweenyouandyourfriend，andanotherbetweenyourfriend'shomeandthepark．Whenyouaskyourparentsifyoucanwalkthere，theysayno．Buttheyaretoobusytotakeyoutherethemselves．讲因为一些外在的危险你不能去朋友家，第二段提到因为不能去朋友家，所以许多孩子待在家里视频、玩游戏．他们失去了外出锻炼以及与人交流的机会．这就是城市孩子们的现状．第三段提到TimGill的观点，孩子友好型城市应该给予孩子们充分的自由．综合这三段内容，作者主要是提出孩子因为城市危险因素而丧失了部分自由的问题．故选D项．（3）C．词义猜测题．由第四段"Society'smistakeisthatourplanningsystemsjustfocusoncars，house-buildingandtheeconomy-ratherthantheenvironment，healthandqualityoflife，"arguesGill，"Youwon'tfindanyurbanplannerswhocandisagreewiththat．可知，Gill认为我们的城市规划只注重车辆、房屋建设以及经济而没有考虑环境、健康以及生活质量这些因素．Youwon'tfindanyurbanplannerswhocandisagreewiththat．这是一个双重否定句表肯定意义．意思是所有的城市规划者都赞同这一点．that指代前一句话Gill的观点，即我们的城市规划不合理．A．Lowqualityoflife．生活质量低下．B．Lackofpublicspaces．缺乏公共空间．C．Impropercityplanning．城市规划不当．D．Criticismoncityplanners．对城市规划师的批评．故选C项．（4）B．标题推断题．由最后一段"Designingcitieswithyoungpeopleinmind-particularlyoutdoorspacesthatencouragesafemovementandsocialinteraction-standstobeanissueofgrowingconcernglobally．"可知，作者认为城市设计应考虑到孩子们的安全以及社交需求．第一段第二段作者提出问题即孩子们因城市不安全因素丧失活动自由．中间段落提到了我们现今城市规划的一些问题．最后一段提倡城市设计应该考虑到孩子们的需求和安全．纵观全文，作者旨在呼吁建立一个孩子友好型城市．故选B项．15.GEFAC解读：（1）G．推理判断题。根据空格上一句"The6-year-oldnowspendshisdayswithhisparentstravelingintheirnewlypurchasedtouringcar.他的父母才停止了对他的正规教育。这个6岁的孩子现在每天都和父母一起乘坐他们新买的房车旅行。"可知G项Forourfamily，learningwhiletravelingisofmorebenefitthangoingtoschool对我们家来说，边旅行边学习比上学更有益。承接上文符合语境。故选G．（2）E．细节理解题。根据空格上一句"Thisnumberhasbeengrowingby3to8percenteachyearsince2012，accordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics.自2012年以来，这一数字每年以3%至8%的速度增长。"可知E项Thatgrowingpopularitycanresultfromanumberofthings越来越受欢迎的原因有很多。"Thatgrowingpopularity"所指的是"3to8percenteachyear"承接上文符合语境。故选E．（3）F．推理判断题。根据空格上一句"familieswhodon'twanttotietheirchildrentoasetwayoflearningandschool-basedissues.他们不想把自己的孩子束缚在一套家庭中学习方式和校本问题。"可知F项Homeschoolingalsocanbedesignedtofitafamily'slifestyle家庭教育也可以设计成适合一个家庭的生活方式。承接上文符合语境。故选F．（4）A．推理判断题。根据本段主旨句"Buthomeschoolingisn'tproblem-free.但在家上学并不是没有问题的。"可知A项Taskscaneasilygetoutofcontrol任务很容易失控。是问题之一，承接上文符合语境。故选A．（5）C．段落大意题。根据本段最后一句"thefeescanquicklyaddup.费用会很快增加。"可知C项Homeschoolingcanalsobecomeveryexpensive在家上学也会变得非常昂贵。符合本段大意。故选C．16.（1）-（5）BDCAA（6）-（10）CADBD（11）-（15）DABBC解读：（1）B.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.referredto查阅，提到；B.ledto导致；C.turneddown拒绝；D.putforward提出。句意：他在一项以学生为主导的、以增加基础研究的资助的运动中的努力使他受邀在专家组会议上发言。根据下文"aninvitationtospeakonaconferencepanel"可知，作者的同学因为他在此次运动中的努力使（导致ledto）他受邀在专家组会议上发言。故选B。（2）D.考查形容词及语境理解。A.special特殊的；B.legal合法的；C.strict严格的；D.equal平等的。句意：我在活动中和他是一个同样付出努力的一员。根据下文"IfeltthatIdeservedthesameopportunity."可知，作者认为自己应该得到同样的机会，因此可推知，作者认为自己和同学做出了同等的努力，是平等的（equal）。故选D。（3）C.考查动词及语境理解。A.informed通知；B.promoted提升；C.invited邀请；D.received收到。句意：但是我没有被邀请，我也不知道为什么。根据上文"Hiseffortsonastudent-ledcampaigntoincreasefederalfundingforbasicresearchhad（1）aninvitationtospeakonaconferencepanel"可知，作者的同学被邀请发言，而自己没有被邀请（invited）。故选C。（4）A.考查名词及语境理解。A.success成功；B.practice实践；C.power权力，力量；D.reality现实。句意：在成长的过程中，我一直被教导，成功的方法就是低头努力工作。根据下文"Ifmyworkwasgoodenough，itwouldspeakforitselfandIwouldbe"可知，作者一直被教导只要努力工作，就会成功并有回报。故选A。（5）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.rewarded回报，奖励；B.protected保护；C.attracted吸引；D.affected影响。句意：如果我的工作足够好的话，我会得到回报的。根据上文"Growingup，Ihadbeentaughtthatthewayto（4）wastoputmyheaddownandworkhard."可知，作者一直被教导努力工作，就会成功并有回报（rewarded）。故选A。（6）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.kindness善良；B.patience耐心；C.shyness害羞；D.discourage使灰心丧气。句意：这种观点，再加上天生的羞怯，意味着我很少鼓起勇气推荐自己。根据下文"workedupthenervetoputmyselfforward"以及下文"butasanintrovert（内向的人）"可知，作者很少鼓起勇气推荐自己，可推知作者是内向羞怯（shyness）的人。故选C。（7）A.考查副词及语境理解。A.rarely很少地；B.frequently频繁地；C.instantly立即；D.completely完全地。句意：这种想法，再加上天生的羞怯，意味着我很少鼓起勇气推荐自己。根据上文"Thisview，coupledwithanatural"以及下文"butasanintrovert（内向的人）"可知，作者是一个内向羞怯的人，因此，作者很少（rarely）鼓起勇气提出自己的观点。故选A。（8）D.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.makesenseof有意义；B.findfaultwith挑剔；C.payattentionto注意；D.takecontrolof控制。句意：然而，我决定我需要重新掌控我的生活--成为我自己最大的拥护者。根据下文"So，withmyheartbeatingfast，Iaskedmycolleaguetoaskthepanelorganizersto（9）me."可知，作者让同事询问小组的组织者把他也包括进去，因此可推知作者想克服自己羞怯的性格并掌控（takecontrolof）自己的生活。故选D。（9）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.benefit受益；B.include包括；C.observe观察；D.promote促进。句意：所以，我心跳加速着让我的同事请小组