定语从句的翻译

TranslationofattributiveclauseTranslation定语从句的翻译Translation编辑课件INTRODUCTIONContributiveclauseincludesRestrictiveAttributiveClause(RA)andNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause(NRA).RAclauseshaveacloserelationtothewordstheymodify(ortheirantecedent先行词),whiletherelationbetweenNRAclauseanditsantecedentisnotthatclose.Accordingly,wecantranslateattributiveclausesinthreeways：编辑课件1.Sincerestrictiveattributiveclauseistomodifyanoun,itisusuallyputbeforeitsantecedent.Buttheclausehastobeshortenoughsoasnottobreakthemainsentence:Iwanttobuyahousewhichisinexpensiveyetcomfortable.我想买一座又廉价又舒适的房子。编辑课件Butiftheattributiveclausemaycauseambiguityorlogicmistake,itshouldbeputafteritsantecedent,usuallyasanindividualsentence：Theykilledfourmenandinjuredthefifthwholaterdiedofhiswounds.他们打死四人，并打伤了后来伤重死去的第五人。他们打死四人，打伤一人，伤者后来因伤势过重而死去。编辑课件Someattributiveclausescaneitherputbeforeorafteritsantecedent,whichmakesnodifference:OntheEuropeancontinentthereisonesubjectwhichshouldbeavoided—theweather.在欧洲大陆，有一个话题人们讳莫如深，那就是天气。在欧洲大陆，有一个人们讳莫如深的话题，那就是天气。编辑课件2.Intranslationofnon-restrictiveattributiveclause,weusuallysplititfromthemainsentenceandputitintoanindependentsentence.Thisisbecause:1)Non-restrictiveattributivesentencesareusuallytoolongtobeputinonesinglesentence:编辑课件WorldWarIIwasmorecomplexthanWorldWarI,whichwasacollisionamongtheimperialistpowersoverthespoilsofmarkets,recoursesandterritories.第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，因而第二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。编辑课件2)Non-restrictiveattributiveclauseisusuallydescriptiveorexplanativeratherthanrestrictive.Soifyouusethemtorestrictanoun,sometimesambiguitymayarise.Hisfather,whoisinHongkong,willreturntoTaipeinextweek.他在香港的爸爸下星期要回台北。(他还有别的爸爸〕他爸爸现在在香港，下星期回台北。编辑课件Butpleaseremember:There’snorulebuthasnoexception.Somenon-restrictiveattributiveclausesarealsorestrictiveinmeaning.Lookatthefollowingsentence:Americanfamilies,whichhostforeignstudents,arenotpaid,thoughtheyareallowedasmallincometaxdeduction.(Para.5,L.28)收留外国学生的美国家庭得不到报酬，但可以少量地减少所得税。编辑课件3.Sometimesanattributiveclausedoesn’tserveasattributiveatall.Instead,itistoexplainthereason,condition,resultandconcession.Therefore,wecantranslatethemasadverbial.编辑课件Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriouslythroughoutthecountry.他们企图扑灭对抗，结果对抗越来越猛，普及全国。(表示结果〕Inadisputebetweentwostateswithwhichoneisfriendly,trynottogetinvolved.当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好，那么力避卷入。〔表示条件〕编辑课件Thetrendtowardsglobalizationbeganintheearly1970swhenthesystemoffixedexchangerates,setupafterWorldWarII,wasdismantled.国际化的趋势开始于20世纪70年代，当时二战后建立起来的固定汇率制瓦解了。〔表示时间〕Copper,whichoffersverylittleresistance,isusedsowidelyforcarryingelectricity.铜的电阻很小，所以广泛用来输电。〔表示原因〕编辑课件PracticeTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese,payingattentiontoattributiveclauses.编辑课件EvenyoungstudentswhoplanonstayingintheUnitedStatesjustlongenoughtofinishtwosemestersofhighschoolhavedifficultyfindingahostfamily.(Para.5,L.16)即使是那些只方案短期留居美国，一完成两学期高中课程就离开的年轻学生也很难找到一个愿意收留他们的家庭。编辑课件Attheendofeachsemester,aslongasthestudentspassfinalexams,Americanauthoritiesgrantacertificate,whichisrecognizedinBrazil.(Para.3,L.8)每学期末，只要学生通过期末考试，美国当局就会颁发一个证书，这个证书在巴西是成认的。EveryyeartheUnitedStatesishosttoanaverageof78,000foreignhighschoollevelstudents,ofwhich3,000areBrazilian.(Para.3,L.5)每年，美国平均要接待7.8万名高中水平的国外留学生，其中3,000人来自巴西。编辑课件Manycollegesanduniversitieshaveaccommodationofficers,whosejobistohelpyoufindsomewheretolive.许多大学都有住宿管理人员，他们的工作就是帮你找到住的地方。编辑课件Oneimportantregulationoftheforeignstudyprogramhastodowiththetime,establishedbythehost“parents〞,bywhichtheteenagersmustarrivehomeonweekendnights.国外求学方案中一个重要的规定是关于时间的，“临时父母〞规定周末晚上到某个时间必须回家。编辑课件Helikeshissister,whoiswarmandpleasant,buthedidnotlikehisbrother,whoisaloofandarrogant.他喜欢妹妹而不喜欢哥哥，因为妹妹热情愉快，哥哥冷漠傲慢。〔表示原因〕Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.饭