英语六级模拟试卷二及答案详解

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledTheValueofDetailsbycommentingontheremark“Oneant-holemaycausethecollapseofathousand-lidam.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewantstogettheheatingfixedinhisroom.B)Hewantstocallroomservice.C)Hewantstopraisethehallporter.D)Hewantstogethismoneyrefunded.2.A)Heistoooldtoknowhowtorespecttheothers.B)Heistreatedunjustlybyallcustomers.C)Hedoesn’tknowhowtorespectthecustomers.D)Heisverymuchqualifiedforhisworkinthehotel.3.A)Heissatisfiedexceptthebadfood.B)Heisn’tsatisfiedwiththerestaurant.C)Hethinksthewaitersarehelpful.D)Hefeelsbeingcheatedbythemanager.4.A)Heisn’tsatisfiedwiththemoneycharged.B)Helikestothrowhisweightaround.C)Heiscriticaloftheothers.D)Helosespatiencewiththewoman.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Isishotnow.C)Iswashotandsunnythismorning.B)Iswascoldthismorning.D)Isissunnynow.6.A)Surprised.B)Skeptical.C)Disgusted.D)Alarmed.7.A)Theycanusethelightmoreeffectively.B)Theyarestrongerthanthecommonmaterials.C)Theycanstoreandreleaseheat.D)Theycanabsorbwaterifnecessary. 8.A)Theybecomelighterwhenthetemperatureislow.B)Theirchemicalcompositionchangeswiththetemperature.C)Theircolordarkenswhenthetemperatureishigh.D)Theirstructuresarerearrangedasthetemperaturefluctuates.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itguaranteesfederalinvestmentinschools.B)Itisauniversallawthatappliestoeveryuniversity.C)Itstopsgenderdiscriminationinmanyschools.D)Ithelpstosavefederalmoneyoneducationprograms.10.A)TitleNinemakesgirlsjoininsportsprograms.B)TitleNinehasaverygoodeffectonsports.C)TitleNineisveryeffectiveinhighschools.D)TitleNineiswellobeyedbyhighschools.11.A)Participationinsportsisrelevanttopositiveeffects.B)Participationinsportsincreasefemalecollegeattendance.C)Participationinsportspreventsobesityamongadults.D)Participationvaryamongdifferentstatesandages.12.A)Theygivegirlsachancetoleveltheplayingfield.B)TheyrevealthatTitleNineisaseffectiveaspeoplethink.C)Farmoreboysthangirlsjoinsportsteams.D)Theyshowthetrendofgirls’participationinsports.PassageTwoQuestions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Setalimittothemoneyspenteachdaybychildren.B)Makesurechildrendon’tspenditatonce.C)Learnaboutwhatchildrenwanttopayforwiththemoney.D)Teachchildrentomakeabudgetfromtheirexperience.14.A)Childrencanlearnhowabusinessworksinsociallife.B)Childrenmayunderstandwhatanormalfamilylifeis.C)Childrenmaylearntosavemoneyratherthanspendit.D)Childrencan’texpectanotherallowanceinashorttime.15.A)Theywillbemorecarefulinbuyingpresents.B)Theywilllearnhowtobudgetandinvestinthefuture.C)Theywillbemorelikelytosetgoalsfortheirlife.D)Theywillknowhowtobargainwhendoingbusiness.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre. Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyareaboutphilosophyinlife.B)Theyadvisepeopletolearnphilosophy.C)Theyintroducesomedifficultjargons.D)Theyteachsomejargonsusedinlife.17.A)Everybodywillfeelcentered.B)Nobodywillgetbored.C)Everybodywilltalkalot.D)Everybodywilltalkalot.18.A)Othersmayfollowyourstep.C)Otherswillloseinterestinphilosophy.B)Othersmaynotunderstandyou.D)Otherswillnotdiscussphilosophywithyou.19.A)Explainenoughaboutwhatwethought.B)Sumupourthoughtsandletotherstalk.C)Letotherstalkfirstandwegivecomments.D)Keepourwordsquickandsimple.Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.20.A)Lookinthemirroranddotheself-talk.B)Getwellpreparedbeforemakinganychange.C)Makelittlechangesintheirlifestyle.D)Changeanythingthatmakesthemunhappy.21.A)Helpothersfornothinginreturn.C)Trytomakemoremoney.B)Savemoneytohelpothers.D)Gethelpfromtherichones.22.A)TheycaretoomuchaboutpeopletheyloveB)Theyaretroubledbywhatotherssay.C)Theyaremoreeasilytoberatedbyothers.D)Theytendtobetheobjectofenvy.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Therightbrainhemisphereremainsawakeallnightlong.B)Bothhemispheresofthebrainremainactiveallnightlong.C)Theleftbrainhemisphereremainsawakeduringdeepsleep.D)Onebrainhemisphereremainsmoreawakethantheotherduringdeepsleep.24.A)Sixtimes.C)Fourteentimes.B)Twotimes.D)Seventomes.25.A)Therewasnothingdifferentinalertnessoractivityineitherhemisphere.B)Therewasnoobviousdifferencebetweenbothbrainhemispheres.C)Thelefthemisphereremainedactiveindeepsleepphase.D)Therighthemisphereremainedactiveindeepsleepphase.SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Untilrecently,themedicalcommunitybelievedthatmosthearinglosswascausedbyhearcellsintheeardegradingasweage.Butevidenceisemergingthatsoundlevelsatsportingevents,concerts,nightclubsandonpersonaldevicescancauselastingdamagetotheconnectionsbetweenhearcellsintheearandthenervesthat__26__soundstothebrain.Over1.1billionteenagersandyoungadultsworldwidecouldbeatriskofhearinglossasaresultof___27___tounsafelevelsofrecreationalnoise,accordingtoarecentWorldHealthOrganizationreport.Tomakemattersworse,thiskindofhearinglossdoesn’tshowupon__28__tests.Researchersarecallingitahiddenepidemic.“Wethinkthisproblemis__29__prevalent,butit’sdifficulttomeasurebecausethetoolswehaveavailabletodayarenotsensitiveenough,”saysKonstantinaStankovic,anauditoryneuroscientistandsurgeonatMassachusettsEyeandEar,andHarvardMedicalSchool,inBoston.StankovicisnowworkingwithcolleaguesattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausannetodevelopimaging___30__thatwouldallowustoseethiskindofneuraldamageinlivingbrains.Thiscouldhelpwithearlydiagnosis.Othersaredevelopingdrugsthatcouldhelp__31__theconnectionsbetweentheearandthebrain.Toproperly__32__ourears,loudnoisesshouldbebannedinmanypublicplacesjustassmokingisnow,saysStankovic.Somecountrieshavelawsinplacetoprotect__33_inbarsandclubsbymonitoringnoiselevels.Lastyear,MinneapolisCityCouncilmadeit__34__forbarsandclubstoofferfreeearbudstopatrons.Stankovicthinksmorewillneedtochange__35__acceptednormsaroundrecreationalnoise.“Ithinkitwillrequireapublichealtheffortsimilartotheeffortsforlimitingsmoking,becauseofthepeerpressureassociatedwithloudmusicandnoisyenvironments,”shesays.A)compulsoryB)condenseC)exposureD)incrediblyE)independentlyF)protectionG)restoreH)safeguardI)sociallyJ)standardK)techniquesL)transmitM)treatN)uneasyO)workersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhyDepressionNeedsaNewDefinition[A]Manypsychiatristsbelievethatanewapproachtodiagnosingandtreatingdepression—linkingindividualsymptomstotheirunderlyingmechanisms—isneededforresearchtomoveforward.InhisAphorisms,Hippocratesdefinedmelancholia(忧郁症)，anearlyunderstandingofdepression,asastateof“fearsandlosingcourage,iftheylastalongtime.”Itwascaused,hebelieved,byanexcessofbile(胆汁)inthebody(theword“melancholia”isancientGreekfor“blackbile”).[B]Eversincethen,doctorshavestruggledtocreateamorepreciseandaccuratedefinitionoftheillnessthatstillisn’twellunderstood.Inthe1920s,theGermanpsychiatristKurtSchneiderarguedthatdepressioncouldbedividedintotwoseparateconditions,eachrequiringadifferentformoftreatment:depressionthatresultedfromchangesinmood,whichhecalled“innerdepression”,anddepressionresultingfromreactionstooutsideevents,or“reactivedepression”.Histheorywaschallengedin1926,whentheBritishpsychologistEdwardMapotherarguedintheBritishMedicalJournalthattherewasnoevidencefortwodistincttypesofdepression,andthattheapparentdifferencesbetweendepressionpatientswerejustdifferencesintheseverityofthecondition. [C]Today,Schneider’ssubtypeshavelargelyfallenoutoffavor,butovertheyears,manymoredefinitionswereofferedintheirplace.In1969,theAmericanpsychologistRolloMaywroteinhisbookLoveandWillthat“depressionistheinabilitytoconstructafuture,”whilethecognitivepsychologistAlbertEllisarguedin1987thatdepression,unlike“appropriatesadness”,stemmedfrom“irrationalbeliefs”thatleftsufferersill-equippedtodealwithevenmildsetbacks.[D]In1952,theAmericanPsychiatricAssociationtriedtostandardizethedefinitionsofmentalillnesses,includingdepression,bycreatingataxonomy(分类法)ofmentalillnesses.InthefirsteditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManual,depressionwaslistedunderthebroadcategoryof“disorderswithoutclearlydefinedphysicalcause”.TheDSM-III,publishedin1980,wastheAPA’sfirstattempttoclarifythedefinitionsofspecificdisordersbylistingtheirsymptoms;theneweditionincludedguidelinesfordifferentiatingdepressionfromotherdisorders,andoutlinedeightsymptomsofdepression,included“poorappetiteorsignificantweightloss”and“complaintsorevidenceofdiminishedabilitytothinkorconcentrate”.Ifanadultmetfouroftheeightsymptoms,themanualcounseled,heorshewouldmeetthecriteriaforclinicaldepression.IntheDSM-V,publishedin2013,depressivedisorderswerefinallyallocatedtheirownchapter.Thediagnosticcriteriaweremostlyunchanged,withtheexceptionofoneadditionalsymptom:“Depressedmoodmostoftheday,nearlyeveryday,asindicatedbyeithersubjectivereport(e.g.,feelssadorempty)orobservationmadebyothers(e.g.,appearstearful).”[E]SomescientistsbelievethattheDSM-Vdefinitionisstilltoovague.AsthepsychiatristDanielGoldbergnotedinthejournalWorldPsychiatryin2011,manyoftheDSMsymptomsareopposites,whichcanmakeitdifficultforresearchersworkingtodevelopamorepreciseunderstandingofthecondition.“Apatientwhohaspsychomotorretardation(精神运动性阻滞)，hypersomnia(嗜睡)，andgainingweightisscoredashavingidenticalsymptomsasanotherwhoisagitated,sleepingbadly,andhasweightloss,”Goldbergwrote.[F]ManyrecentstudieshaveverifiedGoldberg’sconcerns.In2000,forexample,agroupofresearchersatJohnsHopkinsUniversityattemptedtoidentifysubtypesofdepressionbystudyingthesymptomsofnearly2,000patients.However,theresearcherswereunabletofindmuchofapatternconnectinggender,familyhistory,symptoms,andthedegreeofthecondition(mildtosevere).“Depressionisofdifferentkind,”theyconcluded,addingthat“theseverityofanepisodeappearstobemoreinformativethanthepatternofsymptoms.”Andin2010,researchersinGermanytestingthevalidityoftheDSM-IVdefinitionfoundthatthecriteriacapturedahugepopulationofpatientswith“widelyvaryingassociationswiththepatternofco-morbidity(共病)，personalitytraits,featuresofthedepressiveepisodeanddemographiccharacteristics.”Theresults,theyargued.“challengeourunderstandingofmajordepressionasasimilarcategoricalentity.”[G]Partoftheproblem,saidScottMonroe,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNotreDame,isthatinmedicalterm,depressionisconsideredasyndromeratherthanadisease.Whileadiseaseisaspecificconditioncharacterizedbyacommonunderlyingcauseandconsistentphysicaltraits,asyndromeisacollectionofsignsandsymptomsknowntofrequentlyappeartogether,butwithoutasingleknowncause.InapaperpublishedinJuneinthejournalCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalScience,Monroecalledforscientiststobegindefiningdepressionwithmoreprecision.“Itisinthisvagueandimpreciserealmthatproblemscanarise,”hewrote,“andvagueinsightsbasedonimperfectsimilaritiesanddifferenceseventuallymayprovetobeclearoversights.”[H]Partofthereasonthatscientistsarestillworkinginthe“vagueandimpreciserealm”.asMonroeputit,isbecausetheystilldon’thaveaclearanswerforwhatcausesdepression.Inthe1960s,thedominanthypothesiswasthatitstemmedfromachemicalimbalanceinthebrain,specificallyfromlowerlevelsoftheneurotransmitterserotonin(血清素).Asaresult,drugcompaniespouredresourcesintodeveloping“selectiveserotoninreuptakeinhibitors”(SSRIs),drugsthatincreasedtypeofantidepressant—despitethefactthatresearchhasshownthatlowerofserotonindonotnecessarilycausedepressionforallindividuals.Andin2010,areviewofthreedecades’worthofstudiesonantidepressantsfoundthatwhileSSRIscanbehelpfulforseverelydepressedpeople,theireffectiveness“maybeminimalornonexistent”inthosewithmildormoderatedepression.[I]BruceCuthbert,thedirectorofadulttranslational(平动)researchandtreatmentdevelopmentattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth(NIMH),thinksthatpartoftheproblemisthatresearchershavelargelyfocused theirattentiononfindingaone-size-fits-alltreatmentthatdoesn’texist.“Whenyoudoaclinicaltrial,you’regettingabunchofpeoplewhoare‘depressed’,butthey’reactuallyverydifferent,”hesaid.“It’slikecomparingapples,pears,andoranges.You’renotgoingtoseeasignificanteffect.You’renotgoingtobeabletosay,‘Thistreatmentworksforfruits.’”Tryingtocreateasingulartreatmentfordepression,Cuthbertsaid,isliketryingtocreateoneforcancer:toounspecifictoactuallybehelpful.“Ourcurrentdiagnosticsystemisrunningoutofsteamforresearch,”“WhileDSMhasbeendescribedasa‘Bible’forthefield,itis,atbest,adictionary,creatingasetoflabelsanddefiningeach,”theNIMHdirectorTomInselwrotein2013.[J]In2010,InselinvitedCuthbert,whowasthenworkingasapsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesota,tohelptheNIMHdevelopanewframeworkfordefiningmentalillness.Theresult,unveiledin2013,wastheResearchDomainCriteria(RDoC),asystemcreatedtoflipthewayresearchersthinkaboutmentaldisorders.UnliketheDSM,RDoCisn’torganizedbydisorder;instead,it’sorganizedaroundspecificsymptoms,likefear,anhedonia(theinabilitytofeelpleasure),andwillingnessorunwillingnesstowork.Thesystemalsoliststhegenes,neuralcircuits,physicalresponse,andself-reportedbehaviorassociatedwitheachsymptom.[K]ThetheorybehindthisRDoCsystemisthattreatingaspecificsymptomwillproducebetterresultsthantreatingabroadcategoryofillness.Manydepressionpatientsexhibitanhedonia,forexample,butmanyothersdon’t.Butifresearcherstookagroupofpatientswhoalldisplayedanhedonia,regardlessoftheirdiagnosis(it’salsoacommonsymptomofschizophrenia)andtestedtreatmentsforthatveryspecificsymptom,theywouldgetbetterresultsfortreatinganhedonia.[L]Thecurrentdefinitionofdepression,Cuthbertexplains,haslargelystemmedfromscientistsobservingpatientsandthendevelopinglistsofsymptomsbasedonwhattheysaw.“Thebeliefwasthatifyoudescribedthedisorderwellenough,youwouldbeabletodefineit,”hesaid.Butit’sbecomingincreasinglyclear,hesaid,thatbyrelyingondescribingthedisorder,scientistsareonlyskimmingthesurfaceintermsofunderstandingit.CuthberthopesthattheRDoCsystemwillchallengeresearcherstolookatthemechanicsofeachsymptommoreclosely,andintheprocess,comeupwithmorewell-informedideasaroundhowtodiagnosementalillness.“We’restartingoverwithhowwethinkaboutmentaldisorders,”Cuthbertsaid.“Ourcurrentdiagnosticsystemisrunningoutofsteamforresearch.”“Ourcurrentconceptofdepressionisleftoverfromtimeswhenwedidn’treallyunderstanditverymuch,”headded.“Weknowsomuchsomuchmoreaboutitnow—physically,genetically,neurochemically—andweshouldbeusingthat.”36.Aparticularpsychiatristbelievedthatthereweretwodistincttypesofdepressionwhichshouldbetreateddifferently.37.Ithasbeenconfirmedthatantidepressantsareeffectiveinacutedepressionbutoflittleornoeffectivenessinmildormoderatedepression.38.Itwasimpossibleforresearcherstofindsimilarcharacteristicsinpatientssufferingthesamedegreeofdepressionintheearly21stcentury.39.Oneauthoritativefigurethinksthatresearchersarelookinginthewrongdirectionintreatingdepression.40.Scientistsonlyscratchthesurfaceoftheprobleminunderstandingdepressionbecauserelyingonmeredescriptionoftheillnessisinsufficient.41.Onetheorygoesthatseekingtreatmentsforaspecificdiseaseismoreeffectivethanseekingtreatmentsforacategoryofdisease.42.Thedefinitecauseofdepressionstillremainsunknown,whichisinpartwhyscientistsarestillworkingonit.43.Classifyingdepressionintosubtypeshasalreadybeenindisfavorandreplacedbymanymorenewdefinitions.44.ThedefinitionofdepressionintheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualwentthroughseveraleditionsoverthepastsixdecades.45.Farfrombeingthepsychiatrists’authoritativemasterpiece,DSMisconsideredasalexiconatbest.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Gulliverhasafriendwhorecentlygaveuphisjobtostudyfor“TheKnowledge”,thenotoriouslydifficultprogrammethatLondon’sblack-taxidriversmustpassthroughbeforegettingalicense.Would-becabbiesmustfirstgainanencyclopedic(百科全书式的)knowledgeofthecapital’scentraldistrict—some25,000streetsandapproximately20,000landmarks—andbeabletorecitethebestwayofnavigatingbetweenthem.Studyingfor“TheKnowledge”typicallytakesfromtwotofouryears.Thesacrificeusedtobeworthit.Althoughdrivingataxiforalivingisundoubtedlyhardwork,cabbiesearnadecentwage,choosetheirownhoursandusuallymanagetospendafewweeksayearattheirholidayvillasinSpain.Alas,forGulliver’sfriend,itisnolongerajobwithprospects.Leavingasidethatlearningroutesbyroteinaneraofsatellitenavigationisawasteofeveryone’stime,thereasonthatcabbiesputthemselvesthroughsuchatoughselectionprocessissotheycanearntheprivilegeofpickinguppassengersoffthestreet,whichonlytheyarelegallyallowedtodo.Uberismakingthisprivilegeincreasinglyirrelevant.Thefirmusesasmartphoneplatformtobringpassengersanddriverstogether.Itisonitswaytocorneringtheworldtaximarket—although,likemanycabbies,itistakingacircuitous(迂回的)route.SeveralAmericancities,includingPortland,haveorderedthefirmtosuspendoperations,wholecountries,suchasGermany,haveoutlawedit.Still,thesearemerebumpsintheroad.ThelatestreportbyCertify,whichtracksbusiness-expenseclaims,foundthatforthefirsttimethemajorityof“groundtransportationreceipts”wereforridesinUbercars.Inthesecondquarterof2015,55%ofsuchbusinessexpensesemanated(起源)fromthatsinglecompany,comparedwith43%onallothertaxiservices.AccordingtoCertify,whoserespondentsareoverwhelminglyAmerican,thecitiesinwhichbusinessmenaremostlikelytouseanUbercarareSanFrancisco(79%),followedbyDallas(60%)andLosAngeles(54%).Itiseasytoseewhy.Uberischeap,reliableandeasytouse.Youknowwhichdriveriscomingforyouandthedriverknowsyou.Thereisnoneedtoplayagameofhailingleapfrog(交替前进)withcompetitorsalongbusystreets,inthehopeoffindingataxiwithalighton.OnarecenttriptoNewYork,Gulliver’syoungdaughterwasdesperatetotakearideinayellowtaxibecauseshehadseenthemonposters.Sowetookarideasatouristattraction.WhenitcametopullingoursuitcasesbacktoJFK,though,itwasmuchmoreconvenienttocallanUbercar.Gulliverworriesforhisfriend’schoiceofnewcareer.HowlongwillitbebeforehebecomeslittlemorethanacuriosityforthosewantingtoexperienceyeoldeEngland?46.Whatdoweknowabout“Theknowledge”?A)ItisanencyclopediaaboutLondonstreets.C)Itisanavigationbetweenthelandmarks.B)Itisanexamwould-becabbiesmustpass.D)Itisalicensefortheprofession.47.Accordingtothepassage,“Thesacrifice”(Line1,Para.2)refersto.A)theexpenseofspendingluxuriousholidaysinSpainB)thewasteoftimetorememberingLondonstreetsC)theeffortsofgraspingthetransportationknowledgeD)thehardshipoflivingasaLondontaxidriver48.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutUberisTRUE?A)Ithasaprivilegetouseasmartphoneplatform.B)ItprovidesillegalserviceinAmericancities.C)Itmaybecompletelysuspendedinthenearfuture.D)Ithasmetsomeobstaclesinitsfastbooming. 49.ThedatamentionedinParagraph4impliesthat.A)Uber’smarketsharehasalreadysurpassedthatofallothertaxicompaniesB)UberismostpopularwithbusinessmeninAmericancitiesC)UberhasboughtmostofthegroundtransportationreceiptsD)Uberisprovidingclientswithcheapandconvenientservices50.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetraditionaltaxiservice?A)ItwillbereplacedbyUbersoon.B)Itwillbecomeatouristattraction.C)Itwillnotbeapromisingcareeranymore.D)ItwillbecomeasymboloftheoldEngland.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicum(少量)ofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolpupilsareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate’sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.specialrapporteur(报告人)oneducation,KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,this