英文apa格式要求

英文apa格式要求

APAformatiscommonlyusedincitingsourcesandwritingresearchpapersinvariousdisciplines.ItstandsforAmericanPsychologicalAssociationandprovidesguidelinesfororganizingandformattingacademicpapers.Inthisarticle,wewilldiscusstherequirementsofAPAformatforreferencesandprovideexamplesofdifferenttypesofsources.

InAPAformat,referencesshouldbelistedalphabeticallybythelastnameoftheauthor(s).Ifthereisnoauthor,thenthetitleoftheworkshouldbeused.Onlytheinitialsoftheauthor'sfirstnameshouldbeincluded.Thetitleofthearticleorbookshouldbeinsentencecase,meaningonlythefirstwordandpropernounsarecapitalized.Thenamesofjournalsandbooktitlesshouldbeitalicizedorunderlined.

Forbooks,thebasicformatforcitingabookinAPAformatisasfollows:

AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.(Year).Titleofbook.Location:Publisher.

Forexample:

Smith,J.M.(2005).TheBookofKnowledge.NewYork,NY:RandomHouse.

Ifthebookhasmultipleauthors,theformatisslightlydifferent:

AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.,&AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.(Year).Titleofbook.Location:Publisher.

Forexample:

Smith,J.M.,&Johnson,A.B.(2005).TheBookofKnowledge.NewYork,NY:RandomHouse.

WhencitinganarticlefromajournalinAPAformat,thebasicformatisasfollows:

AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.(Year).Titleofarticle.TitleofJournal,Volume(Issue),PageRange.

Forexample:

Johnson,A.B.(2007).TheEffectsofExerciseonMentalHealth.JournalofPsychology,32(4),123-135.

Ifthearticlehasmultipleauthors,theformatisslightlydifferent:

AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.,AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.,&AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.(Year).Titleofarticle.TitleofJournal,Volume(Issue),PageRange.

Forexample:

Johnson,A.B.,Smith,J.M.,&Williams,K.L.(2007).TheEffectsofExerciseonMentalHealth.JournalofPsychology,32(4),123-135.

WhencitingawebsiteinAPAformat,thebasicformatisasfollows:

AuthorLastName,AuthorInitials.(Year,MonthDay).Titleofwebpage/document.RetrievedfromURL.

Forexample:

Smith,J.M.(2010,April15).TheEffectsofClimateChange.Retrievedfrom/climate-change.

ItisimportanttonotethatinAPAformat,onlythefirstletterofthefirstwordofthetitleandanysubtitlesarecapitalized.Therestofthetitleshouldbeinlowercase.

Inconclusion,APAformatrequirestheuseofspecificguidelineswhencitingsourcesinaresearchpaper.Theformatforbooks,articles,andwebsitesdifferslightly,butthebasicelementssuchastheauthor'sname,publ