Unit2词汇短语语法知识点梳理及拓展2022-2023学年人教版英语八年级下册

八下unit2知识精讲及拓展词汇拓展cheer(v/n)—,快乐的)volunteer(n.&v.adj)—(adj.自愿的)strong(adj.)—(n.体力，优势)—(v.加强)feeling(n.)—(v.感觉)satisfaction(n.)—(v.使满足)—(adj.满意的)joy(n.)—(近义词)—/(adj.高兴的)owner(n.)—(adj.&v.自己的；主人)journey(n)—/(近义词)repair(v.)—(近义词)broken(adj.)—(v.打破)—（过去式）disabled(adj.)—(v.使残疾)—n.（无能，没有能力）—_____________adj.能的，能够的—（adj.不能的，没有能力的）—（n.能力）imagine(v.)—(n.想象力)difficulty(n.)—(adj.困难的)—(adj.反义词)open(v.&adj.)—(反义词v.)—(反义词adj.)train(v.)—(n.训练)—（n.教练，教员）excited(adj.)—(adj.令人激动的)—(v.使激动)—(n.激动)kindness(n.)—(adj.善良的)clever(adj.)—(近义词)—/(反义词)understand(原形)—_____(过去式)—_____(过去分词)—_______________(adj.善解人意的)interest(n.&v.)—(adj.令人感兴趣的)—(adj.感到感兴趣的)21.change(v.)—(adj.可变的，易变的)—(adj.多变的，变化无常的)—n.—(v.交流，交换)二、短语复习1.关心；照顾____ 2.养老院___3.帮助解决困难__ 4.曾经…过去__5.在岁时_____ 6.打扫(或清除)干净7.(使)变得更高兴；振奋 8.分发；散发__9.想出；提出____ 10.制订计划__11.一种强烈的满足感 12.试用；参加…选拔13.为…工作；效力 14.实现___________15.建造；举起；张贴16.筹钱；募捐__17.与此同时____18.在某人空闲的时候19.打；召集___ 20.推迟；延迟____21.与相像；像____ 22.赠送；捐赠_ 23.修理；修补；解决 24.与……相似___ 25.影响；有作用___ 26.建立，设立__ 27.对…感到兴奋____ 28.能够做某事__ 29.自愿做什么____ 30.建起，设立__ 三、知识详解1.helpv帮助→___________adj有益的，愿意帮助的，→___________adj无帮助的常见短语有：1)._______________________.帮助某人做某事。2).helponeself（to）自用（食物等）。3)._______________________帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。4)._______________________在……帮助下。5).helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事。2.cleanup意为“把……打扫干净”（v.+adv.），若宾语是名词时，名词可以放在up的前后均可。若宾语是代词时，代词只能放在____________。如：cleanupthetable=cleanthetableupTheroomistoodirty.Pleasecleanitup.【拓展】cleanupn.意为“打扫；清洁”，如：thecleanupoftheriverCleanUpDaycleanadj.意为“___________”，如：Weshouldkeepourroomcleanandtidy.3.inthehospital与inhospital(1)inthehospital“在医院”指人在医院里，________________________________；inhospital“在医院；______________________________类似的短语：inthebed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上；inbed“在床上”指躺在床上4.cheerup使振奋，使高兴的（v.+adv）cheersb.up=________________________使某人高兴cheermeup使我高兴Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.【拓展】cheern.意为“____________________”如：Agreatcheerwentupfromthecrowd.注意：cheers意为“干杯”，常用于祝酒的时候。活学活用()—Mygrandfatherwasill_____lastweek.—I’msorrytohearthat.inahospitalB.inthehospitalC.inhospitalD.inhospitals()Youcouldvisit_____childreninthehospitaland_____them______.A.ill,set,upB.sick,clean,upC.sick,cheer,up5.giveout=___________________分发(v.+adv)giveoutsthtosb.分….给某人【拓展】giveout还可意为“发出（某种光、气味、热、烟雾等）”=_____________,如：Therosegivesout/offasweetsmell.【短语】：____________=return归还givesb.acall给……打__________赠送giveawaymoneytokids_________________=helpsb.帮助某人____________________=stopdoingsth放弃做某事givesb.sth=givesthtosb.给某人某物()ManysocialworkerswenttoYa’antohelpcleanwaterandfoodtolocalpeopletoreducetheirpainfromtheearthquake.A.putout B.eout C.workout D.giveout6.volunteern.__________v.__________（某事）______________________________自愿做某事，如：Eg:Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafterschoolstudyprogram7.eupwith=_______________想出____________________赶上追上【谚语】Thinkbeforeyouact_____________________________()①Weneed______________(想出)aplan.()②Mymothercameupwithagoodideawhichweallagreedto.A.thoughtaboutB.thoughtupC.thoughthard8.alone/lonely辨析：(1)alone=byoneselfadj.单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。______________________________他经常独自走路回家。______________________________andwritingsongshimself.这位音乐家喜欢独自居住和自己写歌。(2)lonely①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；带有很强的感情色彩，做表语或定语_______________________________________这个孤独的男孩心中不再孤独了。②也可指某个地方是荒凉的,如：alonelyhouse9.such、so解析词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰sucha/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数so程度副词修饰或so+形容词+a/an+可数名词复数so+many/few+可数名词复数【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many,much,few,little）都用so。()1.Thegirlis____anicegirl____weallwanttohelpher.A.such;thatB.too;toC.so;thatD.very;that()2.Somewordpuzzlesinthisbookare____difficultthat____studentscansolvethem.A.such;fewB.such;littleC.so;fewD.so;little()3.Theteacherspeaksveryloudly____allthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.sinceD.when()4.Heoffered_____valuable(有价值的）advicethat___peopledisagreed.A.such;afewB.Such;fewC.So;afewD.So;few()5..“I'masinger”is_____aninterestingTVshow______manypeoplelikewatchingit.A.so;that B.such;that C.so;as D.such;astryoutfor…参加…选拔，争取成为…ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.【短语】：tryout试用，试验tryon试穿____________________努力做某事【侧重尽力做】____________________试图做某事【侧重尝试做】____________________=doone’sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事11.journey/trip/travel辨析：（1）journeyn.尤指__________旅行，行程；tripn.多指_______________；traveln./v.通常泛指“旅行”，词义广泛，可以指长期、短期的，不论何种目的，不论使用何种交通工具的旅行，尤指长途的海外旅行。12etrue实现词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“_________”etrue否主语一般是“_________”①Wewanttoseeyoungpeople___________(实现他们的梦想)。②______________(实现)yourdreamthroughgreateffortisreallycool.【短语】eback回来eout____________eacross__________________________顺便来访________________想出eintobeing_____________Therearemanypeoplewhoarelessluckythanus.有很多没有我们幸运的人。13.homen家→homelessadj.无家可归的ahomelessboy一个无家可归的男孩【拓展】由home构成的合成词：__________n祖国__________n家乡homelessadj.无家可归的homemadeadj.自制的【短语集锦】____________________在某人回家的路上behometosb.=bethehomeofsb.是某人的家14.【解析】repairv“修理；修复”repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。__________________________________________________?谁把桌子的断腿修好了？2)mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。________________________________________.这件衣服太旧不能补了。fixup用于需要重新“调”物体的结构，把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。________________________________________?你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗?15.(1)takeafter=besimilarto在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像（v.+adv）【短语】takeback收回，接回__________写下takeoff____________________占去（时间或空间）__________小心__________照顾__________发生takeout____________________拿走(2)looklike只指在外貌上与…..相像16.besure(that)...=1\*GB2⑴______________________________，“确信……”；“对……有把握”。但在接名词时，besureof侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；besureabout则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。________________________________________．我肯定他是诚实的。=2\*GB2⑵besuretodosth，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断，“必定”、“必然会”、“准会”Itissuretorain．天一定会下雨。=3\*GB2⑶besure+宾语从句，意为“确信某事一定会……”。__________________________________________________．我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步【拓展】make

sure表示“_______________________”。make

sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。Make

sure

+

that从句意为“弄明白；确信”。Make

sure

+

of

+

代词/名词，意思也是“弄明白；确信”。

—

Make

sure

of

his

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before

you

set

off.

—

出发之前要确定他是否来。

—

I

make

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(that)

he

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—

我确信他会来。17.动词feel,find,make,think,believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是：主语＋feel/find/make/...it+adj.+todosth.使得某人有可能做某事如：1）Lemon发现学习英语并不难。Lemon______________________________________________English.2）你的帮助使他成功了。Yourhelp_______________________________________________________________.18.makesabigdifference影响；有作用，difference前可以用________________________等修饰，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hardworkingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.()Theheavysnowdidn’t___theinternationalairlines.A.payattentiontoB.addtoC.makeadifferencetoD.keepto19.imagine+n/ving/pronv想象()—Mymothercan’timagine____online.—Manypeopledon’tknowhowtodoit.A.shopB.toshopC.shoppingD.Shopped四、语法专题之动词不定式A.___________—为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。常用句型：It+be+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth./Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.B.___________—动词want,decide,hope,ask,agree,choose,learn,plan,need,teach,prepare…常接动词不定式作宾语。C.___________—常用于“have/has＋sth.＋todo”或“enough＋名＋todo”“It’stimetodosth.”等结构中。D.___________—tell,ask,want,invite,teach,like,call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成。【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listento,hear)，三让(let,make,have,，四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)，半帮助(help)”。E.动词不定式___________主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加inorder(to)或soas(to)“为了，目的是”。常用结构有too+adj./adv.+todosth.等。专项训练题一、选择适当答案。1._______isdifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.A.This B.ThatC.It D.Its2.Wedecided_______attheendofthismonth.A.travelB.notstartout C.toleave D.going3.Theyhavenopaper_______.A.towrite B.towritewithC.writeon D.towriteon4.Lethim_______arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.A.has B.have C.tohave5._______theputerisaproblem.A.Howtouse B.Whattouse C.Wheretouse D.Whichtouse6.Theteachertoldus_______inbed.A.don’tread B.readnotC.tonotread D.nottoread7.Theoldmanwas_______angry_______sayaword.A.so,that B.as,as C.too,to D.very,to8.Why_______hometomorrow?A.notgo B.notgoing C.nottogo D.didn’tgo9.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease_______?A.turndownit B.turnitdown C.toturnitdown10.It’scoldoutside.Youhadbetter_______yourcoat.A.toputon B.puttingon C.putson D.puton二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Ittookhalfanhour_______(get)totheWorldParkfromKitty’sschool.2.Itwasinteresting_______(see)somanyplacesofinterestfromallovertheworld.3.Theywant_______(save)timebyusingshorterwordsandphrases.4.Kitty’sclassmateDanieltaughthimselfhow_______(make)ahomepage.5.Things_______(do)inBeijing.6.Hemadethegirl_______(cry)yesterday.7.Heputhisphotosonitforeveryone_______(look)at.8.Helphim_______(put)thephotosinthecorrectorder.9.It’stimeforclass.Pleasestop_______(talk).10.I’dlike_______(go)totheTempleofHeaven.三、词形转换。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，每空格限填一词。1.Hehassome__________(difficult)inlearningmath.2.—Whyareyouso_________(exciting)?—Becauseourteamwonthegame.3.Wealllovetheoldwomanbecauseofher_________(kind).4.Igetsuchastrong_________(feel)ofsatisfaction.5.Let’smakesome_________(notice),too.6.Ihaveseveral__________(friend)atschool.7.Maryisthe_________(own)ofthedog.8.Hehastogetmuch_____________(train)onhowtoplaysoccerwelleveryday.9.Thevolunteerstrytohelpsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyfor_________(home)people.10.Luckymakesabig__________(different)tomylife.四、动词应用。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。1.Mybrotherlovesanimalsandhewants________(be)ananimaldoctor.2.Youaren’tallowed_______(put)upsignsonthewallwithoutspecialpermission.3.Ihop