巴克莱美股制造业技术入门连通与自动化时代

Equity22OctobermanufacturingTechprimerAgeofEquity22OctobermanufacturingTechprimerAgeofhyperconnectivityandEuropeanSoftware&ITServicesGerardusVos+44(0)203134Barclays,UKJames+44(0)203134Barclays,UKSven+44(0)203134Barclays,UKCorey+44(0)203134Barclays,UKU.S.RaimoLenschow,+1212526BCI,USSaketKalia,+1212526BCI,USEuropeanCapitalGoodsLarsBrorson+44(0)203134Barclays,U.S.Multi-IndustryJulianMitchell+1212526BCI,USBarclaysCapitalInc.and/oroneofitsaffiliatesdoesandseekstodobusinesswithcompaniescoveredinitsresearchreports.Asaresult,investorsshouldbeawarethatthefirmmayhaveaconflictofinterestthatcouldaffecttheobjectivityofthisreport.Investorsshouldconsiderthisreportasonlyasinglefactorinmakingtheirinvestmentdecision.ThisresearchreporthasbeenpreparedinwholeorinpartbyequityresearchanalystsbasedoutsidetheUSwhoarenotregistered/qualifiedasresearchanalystswithFINRA.每日每日免费获取报（增值服务关注公回复：研究报加入“起点财经”微信群Barclays|manufacturingTechBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerEXECUTIVE22October2Weareatthedawnofanewsupercycleinmanufacturing.Whileadvancesinartificialintelligenceandroboticsstealtheheadlines,itisthecombinationofthosetechnologieswithbetterandcheapersensors,internet-of-thingsplatformsandincreasinglycapablesoftwarethatwillshapemanufacturinginthedecadestocome.Thissupercycle–whichwearecallingtheAgeofHyperconnectivity,NanomanipulationandMachineAutomation–willresultinsignificantproductivitygains,adisaggregationofthemanufacturingvaluechainandtheabilitytomanufacturecustomisedproductsforthemassmarket.Itwillnotbewithoutcosts,withthepotentialformassunemployment,significantre-onshoringofmanufacturingcapitaltothedevelopedworldandconcentratedwealthaccumulation.Governmentsandsocietieswillneedtofindwaysofadaptingtothestructuralchangesthesetechnologieswillbring.Thisreport,adeepdiveonindustrialsoftware,isthefirstinaseriesofpublicationsthatwillshedlightonthetrendsunderpinningtheAgeofHyperconnectivity,NanomanipulationandMachineAutomation.ThisworklinkstoanumberofinitiativesacrossBarclaysResearch,includingRobotsatthegate:Humansandtechnologyatwork,11/4/18.Weidentifyfivewaveswithinthiscomingsupercycle,thefirstofwhichhasalreadybegun.Wecallthisthewaveofintegrationandconnectivity,whichisconcernedwiththeconvergenceofdisparatesystems,machinesanddatasourceswithinthemanufacturingITecosystem.Thistrendisalreadybenefittingcompanieswithinourcoverage,drivingITinvestmentandconsolidationofspecialistvendors,aswellaselevatingtheimportanceofsoftwarewithinmanufacturingThewavesthatfollowwillLocalisationandcustomisationofproduction,astechnologiesincluding3Dprintingbecomemainstream,forcingout-lowcostlabour.Modularanddistributedmanufacture,aswemovetowardoutsourcedmanufacturing-as-a-Autonomousandsynchronisedmanufacture,withlittleornohumaninteractionneeded–thebirthofdarkCompleterealisationofthisvisionismorethan25yearsaway,weestimate.Inthemeantime,weestimatethattheaddressableIndustrialSoftwaremarketis~€60bnandwillgrowata~10%CAGRtoFY20E.That’swellaheadofGartner’sestimateforoverallITspendgrowthof~4%.Theindustrialsoftwarelandscapeiscomplexandconsistslargelyofseparatefunctionalandverticalsilos.Inthisreport,wesegmentthecurrentvaluechaininto:Managementsystems(EnterpriseResourcePlanningandClientRelationshipDesign&engineeringsystems(ProductLifecycleManagementincludingComputerAidedDesign,ComputerAidedEngineering,ComputerAidedManufacturing,ProductDataManagementandDigitalManufacturing).Manufacturingcontrolsystems(ManufacturingExecutionSystems,ManufacturingOperationsManufacturingoperationssystems(SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition,ProgrammableLogicControllersandDistributedControlSystems),AllofwhichareunderpinnedbysensortechnologyandIoTplatforms.Pointintegrationbetweensubgroupsofthesecategorieshasbeenongoingforyears.However,thefirstwaveofthissupercycleisseeingmorestrategiccombinationsofassets(capitalgoodsfirmsbuyingintoProductLifecycleManagementcompanies)andwholesaledataintegrations(includingsoftwareandcapitalgoodscompaniesrushingtodeveloptheleadingIoTplatforms).Asexploredinouraccompanyingsectorcompanynote,weexpectthiswavetobeastructuraltailwindtotheindustrialsoftwarepeergroupatlargeoverthecomingdecadeatleast,asmanufacturingfirmsincreasetheirsoftwarespendtoremaincompetitiveandboostproductivity.TheAgeofHyperconnectivity,NanomanipulationandMachineAutomationwillfundamentallychangetheworldofmanufacturing,aswellastheworldofwork.TheindustrialsoftwaresectoroffersanBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerEXECUTIVE AGEOFHYPERCONNECTIVITY,NANOMANIPULATIONANDMACHINE Thinkbigbutstart SOFTWARE,SYSTEMSAND ManagementIT Design&EngineeringIT ManufacturingControlIT ManufacturingOperationsIT Field,SensorandIoTIT EXCITINGENDGAMEBUTPLUMBINGNEEDS Waveofintegrationandconnectivityneeds ASSESSINGTHEADDRESSABLE COMPANY APPENDIXI–INDUSTRIALSOFTWARESTACKINMORE ManagementITsystems–ERP, Design&EngineeringITSystems–PLM,CAD,CAE,CAM,PDM, ManufacturingControlITSystems–MESand ManufacturingOperationsITSystems–PLC,DCS, 22October3Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerAGEOFHYPERCONNECTIVITY,NANOMANIPULATIONANDBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerAGEOFHYPERCONNECTIVITY,NANOMANIPULATIONANDMachinestobecomeincrementallysmarterandautomatelargepartsofthemanufacturingcycleandourTechnologicaladvanceshavebroughtustothebeginningofthenextsupercycleinthemanufacturingsector.Thecombinationofindustrialsoftwaresystems,withadvancedsensors,IoTnetworking,AIandadvancedrobotics,willusherinwhatwearecallingtheAgeofHyperconnectivity,NanomanipulationandMachineAutomation.Rapidadvancementsintechnologicalcapabilitywillseemachinesbecomingincrementallysmarterandautomatinglargepartsofthemanufacturingcycleandourlives.Thiswillresultinsignificantproductivitygains,masscustomisationandareturntolocalisationinmanufacturing.Thevaluechainwillbecomedisaggregatedintodesign,manufacturing,marketplace,andlogistics.Theendgamewillbecompletelyindependent,adaptivefactories,offeringmanufacturing-as-a-service.Asmartfactoryisaconnectedandflexiblesystemwhichisabletoadjusttochangingdemandsandimprovethroughself-optimisation.Thiswillseeanewparadigmofmasscustomisationandthedisaggregationofthevaluechain,whichinturnislikelytoresultinenormouswealthconcentrationaroundmarketplacesandnetworks;somethingalreadyvisibleintheconsumereconomy.FIGUREKondratieffSource:SAP,BarclaysFormanufacturing,therestofthisdecadeislikelytobedrivenbyincreasinglyconnectedecosystemsandsmartcomputing.Inthisperiodandbeyond,manufacturingITsystemswillbeimpactedbythreekeydrivers:Dataintelligence,whichisdrivenbythecollapseinthecostofcreating,storing,accessingandanalysingdata.Thisiscombinedwithever-increasingconnectivity(hyperconnectivity)throughfastnetworksandconnecteddevices.Softwareadvancements,suchasmachinelearningandartificialintelligence,thatsmartVastlyimprovedmanufacturing-specifictechnologiesincluding3Dprintingandotheradditivemanufacturinginputs,advancedroboticsandvirtualandaugmentedreality.22October4Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerTherearebroadBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerTherearebroadandsignificantramificationsofthismanufacturingdigitalisationcycleforallpartsofsociety.Forthemanufacturers,theincreaseinconnectivity,data,artificialintelligenceandmachinelearningwillleadtofullautomationoftheproductionoflowvolumeandhighly-customisedproductsinrealtime.Withanincreaseinsmartermachinesandhighlyadaptivefactories,productionwillincreasinglybedecentralised.Disaggregationofvaluechainwillresultincompletelyindependentadaptivefactoriesormanufacturing-as-a-WhyproduceaphoneinChinaifaconsumercancustomiseandorderitonlinethenreceiveitfromtheirlocal3Dprintshop?Theconsequencesofthisvaluechaindisaggregation,inparticularthedropinlabourintensityofmanufacturing,couldhavemoresignificantramificationsforsocietythaninpreviousrevolutions.Thiscyclewillnotonlydriveproductionautomation,itwillchangetheuseofproductionresourcesandthebusinessmodelofmanufacturers.Adaptivefactorieswillbecomecommoditisedproductionfacilitiesthatarerentedoutas“manufacturing-as-a-service”tocompaniesthatdesignandcreateaproduct.Theworld’slargestmanufacturersmaynolongerneedtheirownfactories.Ontheconsumersidethisvaluechaindisaggregationisalreadyhappening;theworld’slargesttaxifirm,Uber,hasabusinessmodelnotdependentuponowningcarsandtheworld’slargestaccommodationprovider,Airbnb,needownnoproperty,andtherearemanymoreasset-lightmarketplaceexamples.ManufacturingwillbecontrolledbysuperaggregatorsthathavelimitedneedforcapitalorlabourUltimately,manufacturingmayendupbeingcontrolledbyalimitednumberofsuperaggregatorsormarketplacesthatcommandanetworkandhavelimitedneedforcapitalormanufacturinglabour.ThinkbigbutstartThepotentialforsmart,adaptivemanufacturingishugebutthetransitionto“manufacturing-as-a-service”willrequiremoreopenandstandardisedarchitecturetoenablesystemstocommunicate.Thismightsoundlogicalandeasyonpaper,butitwillbeacomplexupgradecycleastherehashistoricallybeenalackofstandardisationinmanufacturingITsystems.Opensourceisalmostunheardofinthesector,whichisdominatedbysupplier-specificprotocolsanddataformats.Giventhiscomplexity,weanticipatethatitwilltake20-25+yearstocompletethevisionofacompletelyadaptivefactory.Weseedifferentstagesoftechnologyadoption:22October5Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerFIGUREThefivewavesBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerFIGUREThefivewavesofthenext-generationofSource:Barclays1:WaveofintegrationandThisisthewavethatismostrelevanttoeventhemedium-terminvestmentcasesofthestocksthatwecover.It’scurrentlybuoyingourmanufacturingTechcoveragecompanies,andshouldcontinuetodosoforthecomingdecadeatleast.FIGURESource:BarclaysTakenasawhole,wearecurrentlystillonlyinearlystagesofautomationinlargepartsofthemanufacturingindustry.Manysystemsarestilloperatedinsilos,dataiseithernotcollectedatallorcan’tbeusedbyotherprograms,andmachinesthemselvesoftenworkinisolationandononlyasinglestep.Thefirstwaveisallaboutbringingthosesystemsintogreaterharmony.Manufacturersarewellawarethatthereisavalueindataandthisiscreatinganarmsracebetweenthemtocollect,store,analyseandcreatevalueoutofthatresource.Themainsoftwaresystemsinanenterpriseweredevelopedforaspecificdepartmentsuchasthefrontandbackofficetomanagethecommercialsideofthebusiness,theengineeringdepartmenttomanagetheproductdevelopmentortheproductionfacilitytoenablebasicautomationandqualitycontrols.However,thesesystemsdon’ttalktoeachotherandthiscreatesmissedopportunities.Examplesofimprovedintegrationincludebetterinterfacingofdesignandsimulationsoftware;improvedlinksbetweenaccountingandcostcontrolandthemanufacturingsoftware;hugeimprovementsinproductionsensorswithdatafeedingbackintotheproductionsystem,etc.Thiswillallbeunderpinnedbythematuringofenterprise-wideIoTplatformswhichcollect,aggregateandallowfortheanalysisofdatafromrightacrosstheorganisation,critically,22October6Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerconnectingnotonlysoftwaredata,butsensordata.Thisintegrationwilltakeplacethroughouttheenterprise,fromdesignsoftware,throughtotheBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerconnectingnotonlysoftwaredata,butsensordata.Thisintegrationwilltakeplacethroughouttheenterprise,fromdesignsoftware,throughtothemanufacturingcontrolsystemsthatmaketheproducts,tothecostingandinventorysoftwarethatrecordsbusinessperformance,throughinmanycasestotheproductsthemselvesoncetheyhavelefttheproductionfacility.Productsaregainingtheabilitytoreportbackaspectsoftheirperformance,iterativechangesindesignandsoWhilethisisasimplifiedvisionofthiswave,therealitywillinvolvethousandsofsmallpoint-to-pointintegrations.Itisalreadyhappeninginsomeareastoday.Manufacturingprocesseswillincreasinglybesimulated,resultinginzero-prototypeproduction,reducedwasteandhigherperformance.Productionfacilitiesthemselveswilltoobesimulated.2:WaveofacceleratedroboticFIGURESource:BarclaysThiswavewillseeusenteranageinwhichmachinesareabletoperformanyphysicaltaskahumancando,butwithincredibleefficiencyandaccuracy,andateverdecreasingunitcosts.Thesedevelopmentswilloccurconcurrentlywiththegreaterintegrationofsystems.Roboticsisalreadyadvanced.Justbecausecertainindustriescontinuecurrentlytorelyextremelyheavilyonlow-costhumanlabour,isnottosaythathumansremainmoreskilfulorcapable.Whoorwhatismoreimpressive,thehumanwhostillsewsshirtsbecausetheunitlabourcostisstillbelowthatatwhicharobotcoulddoit,ortheweldingrobotthatcancomplete88laserweldsin40seconds1?.Machineswillbedevelopedwithcapabilitiesakintohumansenses.Sightandhearingarealreadywelladvancedinmachines,yettouch(smellandtastetoo,butlessrelevantly)isbehind.Thiswillandischangingandultimatelywillmakemachinessuperiortohumanswhenitcomestotheprovisionofmanufacturinglabor.Thisshouldbeseenasatransitionalphase,orevenagoldenage,ofhumansandrobotsworkinginharmony.Inthelanguageoffuturists,thisiscalledmultiplicity,describingahybridworkforceofhumansandrobotsworkingsidebyside.Improvedsoftwareandsensortechnologyisimprovingroboticsafetysystems,meaningrobotsandhumanscanworkwithlessseparation,furtherreducinginefficienciesandcosts.Thiswavewillseelabour-intensiveindustries,mostnotablytextilesandclothing,accelerateintheiradoptionofautomation.Bytheendofthiscycle,theproductionofcarsandclotheswillnotlookasfundamentallydifferentasitdoestoday.Again,somedevelopmentisalreadytakingplaceinthisarea,notablyforexample,withAdidas,whichlastyearwasreportedtoplanthedailyproductionof800,000T-shirtsusingafullyautomatedSewbotassemblyline2.22October7Barclays|manufacturingTechprimer3:WaveoflocalisationandcustomisationBarclays|manufacturingTechprimer3:WaveoflocalisationandcustomisationofFIGURESource:BarclaysWeexpectthenextwavetobeallaboutatippingpointbeingreached,causingmassivere-onshoringofproductioninthedevelopedworld.Amajorconsequenceoftheshiftfromlabourtocapitalwillbethattheunitcostofproductionlabourhaslessandlessofanimpactonthetotalunitcostofaproduct.This,inturn,meansthatothercostsandfactorssuchasshipping,time-to-marketandlocalisedmarketingbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Wehavealreadyseenearlyexamplesofthis.WhenAdidasbuiltitshighlyautomatedtrainerSpeedfactory,itdidsonearitsheadquartersinGermanyratherthaninalow-costlabourlocation.Tosolvetheissueoflastmiledelivery,droneswillbeavailablewhileotherpartsofthesupplychainareincreasinglyautomatedwithsmartwarehousesandthedevelopmentofself-drivingtrucks.Asthesametime,directlinkagesbetweenorderingandproductionsystemsandincreasingly-automatedmanufacturewillenablemasscustomisationofconsumerproducts.Thiswillbeunderpinnedbythecomingofageof3Dprintingandotheradditivemanufacturingmethods.Thatmeanscustomisationwillevolvebeyondtoday’sselectingbetweenpre-definedoptions,intofree-formproductcustomisationandtheintegrationoftheconsumerintothedesignprocess.Insteadofaskingacardealerifyoucanhaveredstitchesonyoursteeringwheel,you’llsitinyourlivingroomwitha3Dmodelofthecarprojectedintothemiddleoftheroomandtellyourpersonalroboticassistantthatyouwouldlikeacouplemoreinchesofspacebetweenthefrontandthebackseats;thedesignsoftwareadjuststhemodel,recalculatesthepriceandshowsyoutheresults.Almostanyrequestcanbemadepossible.Clothescouldbecompletelydesignedoralteredandstillbedeliveredwithinadaybecauseassupplychainswouldbetightlyintegratedandproductionlocal.Furniturecouldbecompletelycustomisedtofitseamlesslyintoitsenvironment,anddeliveredshortlyafterwards.4:WaveofmodularanddistributedFIGURESource:BarclaysAsfactorytechnologybecomesevermorecapable,itwillbecomeincreasinglyflexible.Internationalstandardswilllikelydevelopthatmeanfactoriescanbecomponentisedandbuiltquickly,temporarilyoreasilyretaskedfordifferentpurposes.Plug-and-playproductionmodulesmaybedevelopedwhichareconfiguredinvariouscombinationsinfactoriesas22October8Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerneedsdictate.RoboticcapabilitieswillbeBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerneedsdictate.Roboticcapabilitieswillbesoadvancedastobebeyondourcurrentcomprehensionintermsofwhatcanbeproducedandhowthatisaccomplished.Themostfuturisticvisionsofthistrendincludewhatwemightcallswarmrobots;modular,mobilemachinesthatcanautonomouslyarrangethemselvestofacilitatewhatevermanufacturingactivityisrequiredatthatpointintime.Suchadaptivefactorieswillbecomecommoditisedproductionfacilitiesthatprovideon-demandmanufacturingforcompaniesthatdesignandconceptualiseproducts,muchlikeweseeinthesemiconductorfabricationworldtoday.WecallthisdistributedTheworld’slargestproducerswillnolongernecessarilyhaveanyfactoriesoftheirown.Ultimatelymanufacturingwilljustbecomepartofthe“sharingeconomy”.Thisdisaggregatedandautomatedsupplychainwillalsocreateopportunitiesfornewentrantswithnewideas.However,IPlawsmayneedtobeupdatedandstrengthenedasreplicationofproductswillbecomeeasier.5:WaveofautonomousandsynchronisedFIGURESource:BarclaysWhatweconsiderthefinalwaveofthissupercycleofmanufacturing,ortheendgame,isthatoffullyautonomousproductionfacilities–dubbeddarkfactories,sincehumanswillbeabletoswitchoffthelightsandlettherobotsgetonwiththejob–workingentirelyinsyncwithoneThankstomachinelearningandartificialintelligence,thesoftwarethatrunsthemachinesshouldbeabletodealwithanyissuesthatariseaspartoftheproduction.Robotswillbecapableofcomplexproblemsolvingtoachievetheirgoalsandthereforeshouldbeabletoadjustautonomouslyanyaspectofdesign.Atthispoint,wewouldnolongerexpectproductionfacilities,inwhateverformtheynowtake,tobestandaloneentities.Wewouldexpectcomplete,remoteintegrationgloballybetweenfactoriessuchthatproductioncanbecarriedoutinthemostappropriateandefficientway,acrossdistributedmanufacturingfacilities.Theglobalproductionsystem,andthefactorieswithinit,organisethemselves.Therewillsimplybenoneedforanyhumaninvolvementintheoperationofproductionfacilities.22October9Barclays|manufacturingTechprimerSOFTWARE,SYSTEMSANDTheindustrialsoftwarearchitectureiscomplexandautomationhasevolvedaroundfunctionaldepartments,suchasHR,designandmanufacturingcontrol.Manyofthesesystemshavebeenadaptedandcustomisedovertheyears,whichmakesthemdifficulttoreplace.Asaresult,themanufacturingBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerSOFTWARE,SYSTEMSANDTheindustrialsoftwarearchitectureiscomplexandautomationhasevolvedaroundfunctionaldepartments,suchasHR,designandmanufacturingcontrol.Manyofthesesystemshavebeenadaptedandcustomisedovertheyears,whichmakesthemdifficulttoreplace.Asaresult,themanufacturingindustrysitsonrelativelyoldcode.Finally,duetothediversityofmanufacturing,therearemanysoftwaresuppliersand,althoughsomeconsolidationhasoccurred,theunderlyingprogramshaverarelybeenfullyintegrated.WeshowbelowourmanufacturingTechstack.Fromafunctionalperspective,weconsiderfivemaingroups:management(i.e.frontandbackoffice);productdesign&engineering;control;operations.Underpinningthewholewehavesensors,intelligentdevicesandrelatedIoTFIGUREEnterprise&IndustrialITSource:BarclaysManagementITEnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)istheumbrellatermforsoftwaresystemssupportingmanagementinrunningtheday-to-daybusiness.Thisincludesmodulessuchasaccounting,HumanResourceManagement(HRM),SupplyChainManagement(SCM),inventorymanagement,procurementanddistributionmanagement,aswellasCustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM).CRMdealswithfrontofficefunctionsand,asthissoftwarehasahigherneedforinnovation,itisoftenseenasaseparatecategorytothemorestationaryback-officeERPsystems.22OctoberBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerAlthough,therearestillmanysuppliersaround,theenterprisesegmentisBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerAlthough,therearestillmanysuppliersaround,theenterprisesegmentisrelativelyconsolidatedandSAP,OracleandSalesforcedominatethespace.TheSMEspaceismorefragmentedwithmanylocalandmultiregionalvendors.FIGUREManagementITSource:BarclaysManagementITsystemsintegrationstarted25-30yearsagoandthisledtotheheydayofintegrationsoftware,ormiddleware.VendorsincludingTibco,webMethods(SoftwareAG),WebSphere(IBM)createdunifiedcommunicationlayerstolinkdifferentsystems.Enterprisesoftwarereactedtothisbymakingsystemsmoreopenandtherewasgreaterstandardisationwiththemovetothecloud.Thisresultedinthedemiseofthemiddlewareplayers,mostofwhichhavebeenconsolidatedsince.However,furtherdowntheindustrialsoftwarestackthisstandardisationhasnotoccurredyetandweexpectthatmiddlewarevendorsmightseeasecondwaveofdemandfortheirservices.Design&EngineeringITSimilartoERP,ProductLifecycleManagement(PLM)hasalsoalwaysbeenabitofamarketingtermratherthanacommondefinition,andweseeitasanumbrellatermtodescribetheengineeringandprocesslifecyclefromconceptionthroughdesign,manufacture,serviceandultimatelydisposal.PLMstartedtobecomepopularinthe‘90s,whenengineering-focusedsoftwarecompaniessuchasDassault,PTCandUGS(nowSiemensPLMSoftware)broadenedtheirmarketingmessagebeyondCAD/CAM(ComputerAidedDesignandComputerAidedManufacturing)toextendtheirreachbeyondtheengineeringdepartment.Assuch,PLMsoftwareisanaggregationandintegrationoftheindividualstagesinproduct/IPdevelopment:CADtodesigntheproduct;ComputerAidedEngineering(CAE)totestandsimulateit;CAMtomakeit:ProductDataManagement(PDM)tomanagetheproductdataandDigitalManufacturing(DM)toplanthedesign,productionandlayoutoftheactualmanufacturingprocess.FIGUREDesign&EngineeringITSource:Barclays22OctoberBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerMostPLMvendorsstartedoffinCAD/CAMandhaveevolvedandbroadenedtheirportfoliostoofferafullPLMoffering.Whilstthishasresultedinsomeconsolidation,thereisalotoffragmentationstill,particularlyasthissoftwareishighlyverticalised.InPLMBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerMostPLMvendorsstartedoffinCAD/CAMandhaveevolvedandbroadenedtheirportfoliostoofferafullPLMoffering.Whilstthishasresultedinsomeconsolidation,thereisalotoffragmentationstill,particularlyasthissoftwareishighlyverticalised.InPLM(CAD/CAE/CAM/DM),theleadingvendorsareDassault(CATIA,SIMULIA,SOLIDWORKS,DELMIA),Hexagon(Smart3D,VeroandMSC),Autodesk(FUSION360,AUTOCAD,INVENTOR),Siemens(NX,Tecnomatix,LMS,Fibersim),AVEVA(E3D,PDMS),AnsysandPTC(DiscoveryLive,CREO).FortheArchitectureEngineeringandConstruction(AEC)vertical,Nemetschek(Nevaris,Bluebeam,Solibri,SDS/2,andothers),BentleySystems,RIB(RIBTEC,RIBSTRATIS,iTWO)andAutodesk(REVIT,CIVIL3D,INFRAWORKS)aretheleadingvendors.LeadingPDMvendorsareDassault(ENOVIA),Siemens(Teamcenter),SAP,PTC(Windchill)andOracle.OthervendorsactiveinthespaceincludeAVEVA(AVEVANET)andHexagon(SmartPlant).ManufacturingControlIT(MOM)softwareincludefeaturessuchasproductionplanningandscheduling,workflowmanagement,equipmentefficiency,productionperformancecalculations,qualitymanagement,operationsmanagementandmanufacturingintelligence.MESandMOM,asmanufacturingscheduling,planningandcontroltools,arethereforethecommunicationbetweenthetopfloorandtheshopfloor.SuchsystemsareoftenlinkedtoPLM(fordesign),ERP(forinventoryandsupplychain)andtoSCADA(SupervisoryControlandDataAcquisitionsoftwarefortheshopfloor)–wediscussSCADAinthenextsection.FIGUREManufacturingControlITSource:BarclaysThetermsMESandMOMareusedlargelyinterchangeablyand,althoughtheyarecloselylinkedtomanufacturing,theyremainpartoftheenterpriseor“carpetedarea.”MES/MOMsystemswereintroducedinthe1990stobridgethegapbetweenSCADAandERP.WhileSCADAisinitstraditionalsenseresponsibleforthereal-timesupervisionandcontroloftheproduction,MESandMOMareallaboutanalysinghistoricalandtime-seriesproductiondataandforecastingfutureproduction.AsMES/MOMiscloselylinkedtoERP,PLMandSCADA,thetraditionalsoftwarevendorshaveallexpandedtheirofferingsintothisarea.LeadingvendorsinthisareaareAVEVA(Wonderware),DassaultSystemes(Apriso,DELMIA),Oracle,SAP(Visiprise),Siemens(Simantic)andRockwell(ProductionCentre).ManufacturingOperationsITmonitorandcontrolthemanufacturingprocessesthroughdevicessuchaspumps,valves,sensors,driversandrobots.Thereexistthreemainparts–SCADA,ProgrammableLogicControllers(PLC)andDistributedControlSystems(DCS)–whichhavebeenhistoricallyverydistinctive.Increasinglythereisconvergencebetweenthesecomponents.Generally22OctoberBarclays|manufacturingTechprimerSCAD