大学英语综合教程BOOK4Unit 5

Unit5

NeverJudgebyAppearances编辑课件Howcanweseethroughaperson?编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件编辑课件DiscussionCanyouseethroughapersonwhilehe/sheistellingalie?Isthereanysignortrace?编辑课件20個說謊破綻：

1.用手触面

为掩饰谎话，说谎者会不自觉地抓鼻、用手掩口或用食指掩着上唇、抓面颊或耳朵。

2.假笑假笑笑得较慢，而且笑容不对称；双眼完全没有表情。〔我有个朋友就有这个习惯，每次说完谎，就会不自觉地打哈哈。当我直指他讲大话，他便会不自然地说只是和我说笑来遮掩过去。〕

编辑课件3.眼神闪缩说谎时，因为脑部要集中在谎话上，双眼会望向别处，或经常眨眼；跟对方没眼神接触，表现不安或闪缩。〔所以，不看着他人的双眼，不单代表没有礼貌，或没有自信，也表现出你自己也不相信自己的说话！〕

4.视线说谎者不时望向房门，双脚指向门口；这是因为潜意识想摆脱谎话，因而想离开房间。〔其实在开会时，你常选近门口的位置坐下，也表示你想逃避开会。〕

5.表现犹豫为怕前后矛盾，说谎时说话会比平时慢，小心用字遣词，脑海中会先「预演」一次。〔当然，如果你在说谎前已在脑内预演了千百篇，我相信「反响」应该还是颇快的。〕编辑课件6.晃脚想尽快说完谎话，不耐烦感觉或会出卖说谎者，坐下时不自觉「脚印印」或摇脚。〔老人家说：「人摇福薄，树摇叶落」，原来还有其它暗示的。〕

7.跷手跷脚经典的自我保护象征，显示说谎者担忧谎话最终被揭穿，因此作此守势。〔除此之外，这也代表了不要烦我，我有自己的意见、思维；我就是我！〕

8.面部抽搐面部表情肌肉是不随意肌，偶然一次抽搐，即使过程缺乏一秒，或已露破绽。编辑课件9.面红

说谎时心跳往往加速，血液涌进毛细血管，人就会觉得热，继而可能面红。〔测谎机也是利用心跳的突然变化，来确定被测者是否说谎。〕

10.微细表情一个人假设不想对方知道自己已早知一个消息，他会先做出一个惊奇表情，但很快就回复原貌。〔所以，变面不要太快啊！

11.说话离题

担忧对方不相信自己的谎话，说谎者会胡扯，提供很多不必要的数据。〔时常胡扯的朋友，要留意了。〕编辑课件12.转话题假设向说谎者提问，他们或不能实时提供合情合理的答案，唯有转话题，通常是讨好对方的话

13.坐立不安说谎者有时会触碰耳珠、啪手指关节、转动指环或拨弄头发，似乎要先自我鼓励。

14.矛盾信息

假设有人边说快乐边摇头，有可能他并不是百分百坦白。

15.声调改变假设突然大声、高音或表现紧张，他可能正说谎。编辑课件16.说话快速

说谎时话速加快，好让尽快说完。

17.冒汗

说谎时肾上腺素上升，会觉得热和冒汗。

18.大口吸气

担忧谎话被揭穿，胸口或绷紧，气管收窄，出现缺氧或呼吸较急速。K

19.口干说谎者或不停吞口水及舔口唇。20.过份友善为博对方信任，说谎者会扮熟、过份热情。〔当然，友善是应该的；过份就假。〕编辑课件GR_PredictionPredictwhatthetextisaboutorwhatkindsofplotarepossibleundersuchatitle.Youmaythink:astoryabouthowpeoplehelpedtheirfriendinneed.Anentirelydifferentstory:Thosewhoappeartobefriendlymayturnouttobesoevil-mindedastobereadytostrikeacruelblowatafriendinneed.TextA AFriendinNeed编辑课件Britishnovelist,playwright,short-storywriter,highestpaidauthorintheworldinthe1930s.Despitehispopularity,Maughamdidnotgainseriousrecognition–hestood“intheveryfirstrowofthesecond-raters〞.Maugham,W.Somerset(1874-1965)

编辑课件OFHUMANBONDAGE(1915)?人性的枷锁?THEMOONANDSIXPENCE(1919)?月亮和六便士?THETREMBLINGOFALEAF(1921)?叶之颤抖?ONCHINESESCREEN(1922)?中国见闻录?THEPAINTEDVEIL(1925)?彩色的面纱?CAKESANDALE(1925)?寻欢作乐?…威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆

编辑课件GR_PartDivisionoftheText1

PartDivisionoftheTextPartPara(s)

MainIdeas1122~3Itisnoeasyjobtojudgepeople,fortheyaren’talwayswhattheyappeartobe.Kindandgentle,EdwardBurton,awealthymerchant,appearedasifhecouldnotbeartohurtafly.34~51Asitturnedout,Burtonwascold-bloodedenoughtosendafriendtocertaindeath.编辑课件LanguagePointsdeceptive:

likelytodeceive;misleading

欺诈的，迷惑的，虚伪的e.g.Appearancesaredeceptive.Thenewspaperspromisednottorundeceptiveadsinthefuture.编辑课件Deceive:impliesimposingafalseideaorbeliefthatcausesconfusion,bewilderment,orhelplessness

Thesalesmantriedtodeceivemeaboutthecar.Undeceivevt.使醒悟Mislead:vt.误导

impliesaleadingastrayfromthetruththatmayormaynotbeintentional Iwasmisledbytheconfusingsign.Compare:编辑课件Delude:

[di‘lu:d]vt.迷惑；逃避impliesdeceivingsothoroughlyastomakeoneafoolortomakeoneunabletodistinguishthefalsefromthetruth Weweredeludedintothinkingweweresafe.deludeoneselfinto自欺欺人

Beguile:

[bi'ɡail]vt.欺骗；使着迷

stresstheuseofcharmandpersuasiontodeceive Hisingratiatingwaysbeguiledusall.[in'ɡreiʃieitiŋ]adj.逢迎的，讨好的；迷人的，吸引人的编辑课件Heshrugged(hisshoulder)sayinghedidn’tknowanddidn’tcare.Tr.对你上司的提问，如果只是耸耸肩，似乎不妥当。Toshrugyourshouldersatsupervisor'squestionmayseeminappropriate.toshrug(one’s)shoulders:

toraise(one’sshoulder)esp.asanexpressionofdoubtorlackofinterest编辑课件Vanity:

excessiveprideinone’sownappearance,abilitiesorachievements虚荣，自负Manypeopledietforreasonsofvanityevenwhentheweightlossisbadtotheirhealth.VanityFair

名利场；浮华世界vanityproject

形象工程Tr.Theleastdefensiblemotiveisvanity.最牵强的理由就是虚荣心。Tr.本地的商家的行为被认为不仅是真诚地关心别人，还是虚荣。Localgooddeedsoftenoweasmuchtovanityastogenuineconcernforothers.编辑课件forsb.’s(own)part/thepartof:

asfarassb.isconcerned

至于…;对…来说FormypartIpreferlivinginthecountry.Tr.对我来说，不管我的精神要遭受多大的痛苦，我都甘于了解整个真相——了解最坏的真相，并准备好去了解它。Formypart,whateveranguishofspirititmaycost,Iamwillingtoknowthewholetruth--toknowtheworstandtoprovideforit.编辑课件DR_word_definite1definite:adj.clear;thatcan’tbedoubted我们要求给一个确切的答复。Wedemandadefiniteanswer.It’sdefinitethathe’llcome.Collocation:adefinitesuccess绝对的成功definiteperiodoftime确切的时间编辑课件DR_word_definite2Thedoctorisquitedefiniteaboutthepatienthavingdevelopedalungcancer.医生非常肯定病人是患了肺癌。Thechairmanaskedthespeakertobemoredefiniteinhisstatements.主席让发言的人把话说得更明确些。definite表示某事界限清楚,以至于就其意义或范围不会产生任何疑问、误解。例如：definite&definitive这两个词均有“明确的〞、“确定的〞的意思。CF:编辑课件DR_word_definite3ThisisadefinitivejudicialdecisionbytheSupremeCourt.这是最高法院的最终判决。ShehaswrittenadefinitivebiographyofByron.她写了一本很具权威性的拜伦传。definitive[di'finitiv]表示某事确定、明确无误，常含“决定性的〞、“最后的〞意思。例如：编辑课件DR_S_Hereifever…1.Paraphrasethissentence.Hereifthereeverwasamanwhoisthesameashelookslike.Hereifeverwasamanallofapiece.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.要说真有表里如一的人的话，那就是此公了。编辑课件(all)ofapiece:

thesameinallparts;thesameassth.else

浑然一体的，完全一致的

e.g.Thestyleofthebookisallofpiece,inboth

illustrationsandtext.

Theessayshecompletedinthelatterpartofhislifeareofapiecewithhisearlierwork.

allofapiece=allofonepiece

Otherusagesofpiece:

masterpiece杰作;杰出的事

teartopieces撕碎;彻底摧毁;痛斥编辑课件

wrinkle:

tightentheskinofthefaceintolinesorfolds

e.g.Thewomanwasforty,butlookedfifty.Hercheeksweresunken凹陷的andherskinwaswrinkledandyellow.Mydresswrinkleseasily.Otherusages:wrinkledhernoseindisdain.

皱鼻子以示不屑编辑课件 n.[of+U](lit.)one’spositioninlife;socialrank:

身份 Shemarriedbeneathherstation (=someoneoflowerrank) peopleinhumblestations 地位低下的人们 allstationsoflife社会各阶层station编辑课件DR_S_Heplayed…Paraphrasethesentence.Heplayedwellanddiditinagracefulway.Heplayedagoodgameandagenerousone.编辑课件evidently:

obviously;itappearsthate.g.Evidentlyourlivingconditionsaremuchbetterthanbefore.Thestrangerapproachedthemicrophone,evidentlyintendingtospeak.selfevident不言而喻的；不证自明的编辑课件beaffectionateto/withsb.affectionatefilm：爱情片伦理片

ethicalfilm灾难片

disasterfilmAffectionateCoffee：港式鸳鸯咖啡Tr.我们用一种近乎友爱的语言交谈，就象经过苦斗的老战友最后重逢一样。

Wespoketoeachotherinnearlyaffectionateterms,likeveteransofbitterbattlesatalastreunion.affectionate[ə'fekʃənət]

fullofaffection,tenderandloving

adj.

深情的；充满深情的编辑课件 1)havingorshowingakindorgentlenature: abenignteacher/expressionabenignsmile仁慈的微笑 2)med.(ofdisease)notdangeroustolife,notmalignant: Abenigntumorcanusuallybecured.良性肿瘤 3)favorable,beneficial:thebenignsky温和的天空thebenigninfluenceofpureair纯洁空气的有益影响malign[mə'lain]vt.诽谤，污蔑;中伤adj.有害的；恶意的，恶性的benign[bi'nain]

adj.良性的；吉利的；和蔼的，亲切的编辑课件Translation:他那双温和的蓝眼睛有种令人愉快的神情，他说话的声音轻柔；你无法想像他会提高嗓门大发雷霆；他的笑容和蔼可亲。这个人吸引你，是因为你从他身上感到他对别人的真正的爱。编辑课件spicy:

exciting,esp.becauseofbeingslightlyindecent;containingortastinglikespicee.g.Youcanoftenreadspicystoriesaboutfilmstarsinthelocalnewspapers.PeoplefromSichuanprovinceliketoeatspicyfood.spicycriticism辛辣的批评编辑课件somethingof:tosomedegree有几分，在某种意义上somethingofexceptionalquality上品creatingsomethingoutofnothing无中生有Knowsomethingofeverythingandeverythingofsomething样样都要懂，专业须精通。Theyhaven’tgotaloanfromthebank,whichissomethingofdisappointment.编辑课件DR_word_instinct相信你的直觉，你认为对的就去做。Trustyourinstinctsanddowhatyouthinkisright.instinct:n.atendencythatoneisbornwithtobehaveinacertainwaywithoutreasoningortrainingSomeanimalshuntbyinstinct.编辑课件actoninstinct

凭直觉行动

byinstinct

出于本能haveaninstinctfor生来就有...的本能,生性爱好instinctwith充满着...;受...的鼓舞编辑课件Departurelounge候机室toloungethesummeraway闲散安逸地度过夏天

loungeaboutthedoor闲散过日loungesuit;businesssuit男式常服Tr.

如果都说完了，到休息室去喝咖啡好吗？

Shallweadjourntotheloungeforcoffeeifwe'veallfinished?编辑课件oddlyenough:usedtosaythatsth.seemsstrangeorsurprising说来奇怪e.g.oddlyenough=strangelyenoughOddlyenough,someofthestudentsdon’tknowhowtologontheinternet.Tr.奇怪的是，你会在过度自信及自我疑心中摇摆。Oddlyenough,yousee-saw〔玩跷跷板〕betweenoverconfidenceandself-doubt.编辑课件DR_word_sipsip:v.drink(sth.),takingaverysmallamounteachtimeShesippedpolitelyatherdrink.他把玻璃杯内饮料呷干。Hesippedtheglassdry.Pattern:sip(at/from)sth.编辑课件inaway:toacertainextentbutnotentirelye.g.Iagreewithyouinaway,buttherearestillsomeareasonwhichIcan’tseeeyetoeyewithyou.c.f.inabig/greatway大规模地;豪华地;隆重地inafamilyway不拘礼节地,家常随便地;怀孕inageneralway一般说来,大体上inagoodway兴盛地,富裕地inahundredandoneways千方百计地编辑课件with(a)bad/goodgrace:unwillinglyandrudely/willinglyandhappily勉强地/欣然地e.g.AfterItalkedtohimforanhour,headmittedhismistakewithbadgrace.Mymentoracceptedmyinvitationtodinnerwithgoodgrace.c.f.goodgraces好意,友意;宠爱getintosb.goodgraces博得某人的欢心havethegraceto(do)有...的雅量,有勇气...insb.'sgood/badgraces受某人照顾[白眼]makeone'sgraces行礼withaneasygrace态度自假设编辑课件stroke:

passthehandgentlyover(asurface)usu.severaltimes轻抚，抚摩

e.g.Ireachedoutandstrokedthebaby’scheektenderly.

Otherusages:

atthestrokeofmidnight.午夜钟声

astrokeoflightning.一个闪电

编辑课件shave:

cut(hair)offone’sface,etc.witharazor;cutorscrapethinslicesfromthesurfaceof

e.g.IntheQingdynastymenshavedthefrontoftheheadandworethehairatthebacktiedinaqueue[kju:]辫子orpigtail.Otherusages:shaveameadow.修剪草坪

Thebusjustshavedmebyaninch.擦过编辑课件transparent:allowinglighttopassthroughsothatobjectsbehindcanbeseenclearlye.g.Thecupismadeoftransparentcoloredplastic.Transparentplasticisoftenusedforpackagingfoods,enablingtheconsumertoseetheproductinside.编辑课件DR_S_Hestrokedhis…1.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?Hewasveryfrail.Hisappearancesuggestsnohurt.ThisdescriptionofhishandisaproofofwhathasbeenmentionedinLL.34-36thathewasveryfrailandcouldeasilyarouseothers’instinctsofprotectionandseemedtobeamanwhowouldnotbeartohurtafly.2.

TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.他用瘦小的手摸了摸剃得光光的下巴；手上青筋鼓起，手白得几乎透明。Hestrokedhisshavenchinwithhisthinhand;theveinsstoodoutonitanditwasalmosttransparent.编辑课件gobroke:havenomoney;gobankrupt破产

e.g.Manymultinationalcompanieswentbrokeduringthefinancialcrisis,nottospeakofsmallbusinesses..c.f.goforbroke全力以赴;孤注一掷

clean/dead/stone/stony/flatbroke身无分文,一文不名

编辑课件hitherto[hiðə'tu:]

:迄今(fml)untilnow;untilaparticulartimee.g.TheHopeProjectsentmoneytostudentshithertounabletoaffordtheirtuitionfees.ahithertounnoticeddetail一个迄今未有人注意的细节编辑课件DR_word_sticktostickto:refusetoabandonorchange(sth.)Themotheraskedhersonjusttotellthecopswhathesawandsticktohisstory.Theoldmanstucktojoggingeverymorningalthoughhewaseightyyearsold.Collocation:sticktoone’sword遵守诺言sticktothepoint紧扣要点编辑课件trim:

v.defeated;make(sth.)neatorsmoothbycuttingawayirregularpartse.g.Theyweretrimmedby3goalsto2.Myfriendtrimmedmyhairlastweek.n.ingoodtrim.

状况很好编辑课件1)tobreakintopieces;fallapart

Theshipwenttopiecesontherock.Theeconomyofthatcountrywenttopieces.2)toloseall-self-control,morallyoremotionally

ShenearlywenttopieceswhensheheardthatherhusbandwasamongthoseburiedintheruinsoftheWorldTradeCenter.ofa(one)piece(with)一致的；与…同类的pickupthepieces收拾残局pick(pull)topieces切成碎片，严厉批评…bealltopieces

崩溃，垮掉编辑课件DR_word_driveatdriveat:betryingtosayTheteacherdidn’tmentiontheword“cheating〞butIknewwhathewasdrivingat.我不知道你到底什么意思。Ihavenoideawhatyou’redrivingat.NB:用ing形式表示非正式编辑课件Translation:我听出了一点他话里的意思。上大学时自以为了不起的人我见得多了，我才不吃这套呢。

编辑课件-becauseof

由于，因为 resignonaccountofageonaccount-onachargeaccount:

记帐，分期付款 Heowed$50andsentme$10onaccount.onnoaccount-alsonotonanyaccount

notunderanycircumstances:决不 Onnoaccountshouldyougo.on/forsomeone’saccount-forsomeone’ssake

Ihopeyoudidn’tbringbeertothepicnicjustonmyaccount.onaccountof编辑课件DR_word_current1current:1.

n.continuousflowofwaterorairinaparticulardirectionSwimmingagainstthecurrentisenergy-consuming.Undernormalconditions,theoceancurrentsofthetropicalPacifictravelfromeasttowest.2.adj.ofthepresenttime;happeningnowThecurrentsituationinthisareaisquitedifferentfromthatinthe1990s.他不喜欢现在的工作，正打算辞职。Hedoesn’tlikethecurrentjob,andisplanningtoquitit.编辑课件DR_word_current2Collocation:currentfashions时装currentevents时事currentprices现价编辑课件DR_word_betakenabackbetakenaback:beshockedorsurprisedHewastakenabackwhenawomanansweredthephone.当我发现电脑不见了时我大吃一惊。IwastakenabackwhenIfoundmycomputerwasgone.编辑课件DR_word_turnupturnup:arrive;makeone’sappearanceHedidn’tturnupuntiltheendoftheexamination.她干什么都迟到。Sheturnsuplateforeverything.编辑课件DR_word_funkfunk:vt.(infml)avoidbecauseoffear畏缩Hewasgivenachanceoftakingpartinthespeechcontest,buthefunkedit.Hepromisedtoclimbthemountainwithus,buthefunkeditatthelastmoment.Collocation:funkwater怕水funkridingahorse怕骑马编辑课件DR_word_constitutionconstitution:n.conditionofaperson’sbodywithregardtohealth,strength,etc.Aboxermusthaveastrongconstitution.Havingbeenillforseveralyears,hehasaparticularlyfragileconstitution.Collocation:anoldmanwithaweakconstitution一位体弱的老人buildupastrong/toughconstitution练出强健的体格编辑课件DR_word_trifletrifle:n.athing,amatteroranactivitythathaslittlevalueorimportance我女儿总是把钱浪费在小玩意儿上。Mydaughteralwayswasteshermoneyontrifles.Thecoupleoftenquarreledaboutsomepetty[‘peti]a.琐碎的；小气的trifleconnectedwiththehousework.NB：atrifle：slightlyGeorgewasatrifleawkwardwithgirlsbutfondofdancing.Shewasatriflebreathlessaftertherun.编辑课件DR_word_candid1candid:adj.nothidingone’sthoughts;frankandhonest老实同你说，你的工作做得不够好。Letmebeabsolutelycandidwithyou:yourworkisnotgoodenough.NancyiscandidabouttheproblemssheishavingwithSteve.Pattern:

becandidabout/withCollocation:直言acandidopinion编辑课件candid既指言辞坦白直接，也指态度坦率真诚的，直抒

胸臆的。例如：DR_word_candid2那位政治家曾容许要做到坦率公正，但我们对此感到疑心。candid,frank&open这三个词均有“直率的〞、“坦白的〞之意。CF:Tobecandidwithyou,yoursonisnottrustworthy.不瞒你说，你儿子是靠不住的。Thepoliticianpromisedtobecandid,butwewondered.编辑课件frank

较常用，一般指人在言辞或供述方面的坦白。例如：DR_word_candid3Hegaveaveryfrankreply.他坦率地作了答复。Tobefrankwithyou,Idon’tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.老实讲，我不知道你们在谈些什么。open

强调事物的公开性，指不加遮掩的、公开的。例如：Sheisaveryfriendly,openperson.她是个非常友好、坦率的人。Shetoldhertroubleswithanopenheart.她坦率地说出了自己的困难。编辑课件rub:moveone’shand,anobject,etc.backwardsandforwardsrepeatedlyonasurfacewhilepressinge.g.Coattheshoeswithpolish,thenrubhardwithasoftclothtogiveashine.Helookedtiredandsatrubbinghiseyes.Otherusage:Toirritate;annoy惹怒:e.g.Hislazinesswasbeginningtorubme.编辑课件DR_S_Well…‘Well,Ihadn’tgotavacancyinmyofficeatthemoment.’Whatdoesthesentenceimply?He’dnevertakenseriouslythefriend’sneedforhelp,oractuallyhehadneverthoughtofgivinghispoorfriendahand.编辑课件DR_word_vacancyvacancy:n.unfilledpositionorpost这家公司的财务部有一个空额。Thecompanyhasavacancyintheaccountsdepartment.Therearethreevacanciesinthisapartmenthouse.编辑课件AR_UsefulExpressions1UsefulExpressions

1.耸耸肩2.自大3.让某人大吃一惊4.听某人亲口讲述5.衣着整洁素雅shrugone’sshouldersgreatvanitygivesb.agreatsurprisefromone’sownlipsbeneatlyandquietlydressed编辑课件AR_UsefulExpressions26.符合某人的年龄和身份

7.玩桥牌

8.和睦恩爱的一家人

9.年轻时inaccordancewithone’sageandstationplaybridgeaunitedandaffectionatefamilyinone’syouthnodagreeting10.点头致意编辑课件AR_UsefulExpressions311.对…有一种本能12.两颊白里透红13.和蔼地咯咯一笑14.勉强地/欣然地15.一文不名haveaninstinctabout…pink-and-whitecheeksgiveakindlychucklewithabad/goodgracegobroke编辑课件AR_UsefulExpressions416.穷困潦倒17.自杀18.由于19.吃一惊20.身体状况不好/好bedownandoutcommitsuicideonaccountofbetakenabackinbad/goodcondition编辑课件AR_UsefulExpressions521.祝某人好运22.临阵脱逃23.喝酒作乐把身体搞垮24.对付不了wishsb.goodluckfunkitatthelastmomentruinone’sconstitutionbydrinkanddissipationmorethanonecanmanage25.拿我自己来说26.红红的脸上布满皱纹formyownpartaredfacemuchwrinkled编辑课件Discussion:

Doyouthinkit'snatureornurturethatcreatesaserialkiller?Oracombination?编辑课件1.Ithinkthatgeneticsplaysahugeroleinthementalcapacityofaperson,andsocietydoestherest....natureandnurturecombined.2.IamcurrentlyreadingabookbyJohnDouglas,atopFBIcriminalprofiler,whosaysthatwhileapersoncan'tblametheirmistakesontheirupbringing,itdoesplayapartinshapingus.Thenofcourse,there'sgenetics.3.Ibelievestronglythatnurtureismoreprominentthannaturewhenitcomestocasessuchasthese.

编辑课件Ifyoulookatadoption/twinstudies(twinsandsiblingswhowereraisedbydifferentfamilies)theseresultsputnurtureintofavor.

If2siblingshavetendenciesofanaggressivepersonality,ifhe/sheisplacedinacaring,positiveinfluentialfamily,thischildwillhaveahigherlikelihoodofnotdevelopinganaggressivepersonalitydisorder.However,ifthesamepersongrewupinanaggressivehousehold,well,weallknowhowthatwouldplayout.Thispersonwouldhaveahigherlikelihoodofdevelopinganaggressivepersonalitydisorder.

编辑课件4.Itisboth.We'reallborn