中考复习人教新目标八年级下册3-4单元讲解

第一页第二页，共44页。1．relation(n.)→

(n.)关系；联系2．cloud(n.)→

(adj.)多云的3．fold(v.)→

(反义词)(使)展开；打开4．sweep(v.)→

(过去式/过去分词)扫；打扫5．throw(v.)→

(过去式)→

(过去分词)扔；掷6．lend(v.)→

(过去式/过去分词)供给；借出→

(反义词)借；借用7．develop(v.)→

(n.)发展；发育；成长→

(adj.)发展中的→

(adj.)发达的relationshipcloudyunfoldsweptthrewthrownlentborrowdevelopmentdevelopingdeveloped第二页第三页，共44页。8．drop(v.)→

(过去式/过去分词)落下；掉下9．communicate(v.)→

(n.)交流；沟通10．argue(v.)→

(n.)争论；争吵11．explain(v.)→

(过去式/过去分词)解释；说明→

(n.)解释；说明12．compete(v.)→

(n.)比赛；竞赛；竞争13．fair(adj.)→

(n.)公正性；公平性→

(反义词)不公平的；不公正的14．ill(adj.)→

(n.)疾病；病15．proper(adj.)→

(adv.)正确地；适当地droppedcommunicationargumentexplainedexplanationcompetitionfairnessunfairillnessproperly第三页第四页，共44页。16．clear(adj.)→

(adv.)清楚地；清晰地；明白地17．typical(adj.)→

(adv.)典型地18．quick(adj.)→

(adv.)很快地19．usual(adj.)→

(反义词)不寻常的；与众不同的→

(adv.)通常地；一般地20．two(num.)→

(序数词)第二→

(adv.)第二；其次clearlytypicallyquicklyunusualusuallysecondsecondly第四页第五页，共44页。1．倒垃圾2．频繁，反复3．一……就……，尽快4．目的是，为了5．依靠，依赖6．照顾，处理7．快速查看，浏览8．重要的事takeouttherubbishallthetimeassoonasinordertodependontakecareoflookthroughbigdeal第五页第六页，共44页。9．成功地发展，解决10．和睦相处，关系良好11．删除，删去12．比较，对比13．依……看14．吃惊地，惊讶地15．过来，顺便拜访workoutgetonwithcutoutcompare...withinone'sopinioninsurprisecomeover第六页第七页，共44页。1．—

sweepthefloor？“你能扫一下地板吗？”—Yes，．“好的，当然可以。”2．Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolwork

getgoodgradesand

agooduniversity.他们应该将时间花在学业上，为的是取得好成绩并考上好大学。3．Also，whentheygetolder，theywillhavetodohousework，so

forthem

now.而且，当他们长大后，他们将不得不做家务，所以他们现在没必要做家务。4．Ithink

isnotsodifficult.I

them.我认为做家务并不是很难，我并不介意做家务。Could

you

pleasesurein

order

toget

intothere

is

no

needto

do

itdoing

choresdon't

mind

doing第七页第八页，共44页。5．Ifoundmysister

mythingsyesterday.昨天我发现我的妹妹在翻阅我的东西。6．Insteadhewatches

untillateatnight.相反，他想看什么就看什么，一直看到深夜。7．

kidslearntobeindependent，

itisfortheirfuture.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。8．

thesefeelingswithyourfamily？你为何不与你的家人谈谈这些感受呢？9．People

theirkidssohard.人们不该把自己的孩子逼得太紧。10．Theyarealways

them

otherchildren.他们总是把他们和其他孩子作比较。looking

throughwhatever

he

wantsThe

earlierthe

betterWhy

don't

you

talk

aboutshouldn't

pushcomparingwith第八页第九页，共44页。11．I'mstill

her.我还是生她的气。12．Althoughshe'swrong，it'snota

．尽管她不对，但这并不是什么大不了的事。13．Hopethings

．希望事情会好起来。14．MaybeIcould

afewoftheiractivities，butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildren'sfuture.或许我可以舍弃(放弃)他们的几个活动，但是我相信这些活动对我孩子们的未来是重要的。15．Doctorssay

pressureisn't

achild'sdevelopment.医生们说太多的压力对一个孩子的发展不好。angry

withbig

dealwork

outcut

outtoo

muchgood

for第九页第十页，共44页。1．—Youlookunhappy，John.

？—Well，Ifoundmymotherlookingthroughmymobilephoneyesterday.(2015，山西29题)A．Youwanttorest

B．What'swrongC．Howdoyoudo2．—

？—Sorry.ThereisnoonenamedGary.Youmusthavethewrongnumber.(2014，山西28题)A．CanIhelpyouB．What'sthematterC．IsthatGaryspeaking3．AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatejustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentstolearnhowto

eachother.(2013，山西18题)A．getonwithB．comeovertoC．stayawayfromBCA第十页第十一页，共44页。4．Nobodybelievesa90­year­oldcouldrunamarathon

shepassedthefinishingline.Peopleofallagescanchallengethemselves.(2012，山西22题)A．if

B．since

C．until5．—Ineedacostumefortomorrow'sperformance，butit'stooexpensive.—Whynot

one？(2011，山西18题)A．buyB．rentC．lend6．Driversshouldn'tbeallowed

afterdrinking，ortheywillbreakthelaw.(2011，山西23题)A．driveB．drivingC．todrive

CBC第十一页第十二页，共44页。►compare【典例在线】Ifyoucomparethetwobooks，youwillseethatthisoneisbetter.如果你比较一下这两本书，就会发现这一本更好。Compareyouranswerswiththose，youwillseeiftheyareright.把你的答案与那些对照一下，你就会知道它们是否正确了。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。【拓展精析】compare此处作及物动词，意为“比较”，compare...with...“把……与……作比较”，常用于同类比较。而compare...to...“把……比作……”，常用于异类比较、比喻。【活学活用】1)Whenyou

yourselfwithothers，youmissthewonderofwhoyouare.(2015，扬州)A．compare

B．communicateC．contactD．connectA第十二页第十三页，共44页。►inorderto【典例在线】Inordertogetacompletepicture，furtherinformationisneeded.为了掌握全面情况，还需要详细资料。【拓展精析】inorderto意为“目的是；为了”，比单纯的todo更强调“目的”，可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。其否定形式为inordernottodo。【活学活用】2)ManypeoplegivemoneytoProjectHope

helpthepoorchildrentogotoschool.A．assoonasB．eventhoughC．sothatD．inordertoD第十三页第十四页，共44页。►while【典例在线】Iwastakingabathwhilemymotherwaspreparingdinner.我妈妈准备晚餐的时候，我正在洗澡。TomwaswatchingTVwhile(hewas)eating.汤姆边吃边看电视。【拓展精析】while作从属连词，意为“当……的时候；在……期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。当while所引导的从句与主句的主语相同，且该从句的动词为be动词时，从句的主语和be动词有时可以省略。【活学活用】3)

thechildrenhavefun，parentscantakedancinglessonsonthebeach.A．ThoughB．IfC．WhileD．Once4)Bobtookaphotoofhisgirlfriendwhileshe

attheparty.(2015，资阳)A．dancesB．wasdancingC．hasdancedD．isdancingCB第十四页第十五页，共44页。►mind【典例在线】DoyoumindifIopenthewindow？我打开窗户，你会介意吗？—Wouldyoumindparkingyourcarthere？你介意把车子停到那边吗？—Notatall.不介意。【拓展精析】mind动词，意为“介意；在乎”，后常接从句或动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。Wouldyoumind...？是交际用语中表示“请求”的常用句型，意为“你介意……吗？”其肯定回答(即不介意对方做某事)常用：Notatall./Certainlynot./Ofcoursenot.等。否定回答(即介意对方做某事)常用：I'msorry，but.../I'mafraidyoucan't./Yes，you'dbetternot.等。第十五页第十六页，共44页。【活学活用】5)—It'stoocoldtoday.Wouldyoumind

thewindow？(2015，安顺)—Certainlynot.Goahead.A．tocloseB．closingC．closeD．closed6)—Wouldyoumindworkinginthecountryside?—

．Iwillbegladtoworkthere.(2015，重庆)A．OfcoursenotB．I'mafraidsoC．Idon'tthinksoD．You'dbetternotBA第十六页第十七页，共44页。►allow【典例在线】Whoallowedyoutoleavethecamp？谁允许你离开营地的？Theyallowedsmokinginthisroomonly.他们只允许在这个房间里抽烟。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.这里不允许吸烟。【拓展精析】allow动词，意为“允许；准许”。allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事allowdoingsth.允许做某事beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事【活学活用】7)Myparentsdidn'tallowme

totheparty.(2015，天津)A．go

B．togo

C．goes

D．went8)Inourschool，boysarenot

(allow)tohavelonghair.Ballowed第十七页第十八页，共44页。►assoonas【典例在线】Thebabybegantocryassoonasshesawhermother.那个婴儿一看见她妈妈就开始哭。We'llgotoplaybasketballassoonastherainstopstomorrow.明天雨一停我们就出去打篮球。【拓展精析】assoonas意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。在使用时，要注意主、从句时态一致。当主句是一般将来时或过去时时，从句应使用对应的一般现在时或过去时。【活学活用】9)—Wouldyoupleasegivethisnewly­publishednoveltoJack？(2015，泰安)—Certainly，

hecomesback.A．beforeB．assoonasC．untilD．unlessB第十八页第十九页，共44页。►Foroneweek，shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI．有一个星期，她没做任何家务，我也没做。【典例在线】Shedoesn'tliketea.NeitherdoI．她不喜欢茶，我也不喜欢。Shecannotswimandneithercanhersister.她不会游泳，她的妹妹也不会。—Theywillplaysoccertomorrow.他们明天去踢足球。—Sowillwe.我们也去踢。—SheknowslittleEnglish.她英语懂得不多。—Soshedoes.她的确如此。【拓展精析】neither作副词，意为“也不”。NeitherdidI．是一个倒装句。“neither＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”，表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合另一个人或物。“So＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示与上述肯定情况相同。“So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词”表示强调，即对前面所说的情况加以肯定。

第十九页第二十页，共44页。【活学活用】1)—Ilikevegetablesandfruit.(2015，广元)—

．InfactIeataloteveryday.A．SodoIB．SoamIC．SoIdo►Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent，thebetteritisfortheirfuture.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【典例在线】Themoreyoueat，thefatteryouwillbe.吃得越多，你就越胖。Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。【拓展精析】“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意思是“越……，越……”。“比较级＋and＋比较级”意思是“越来越……”。A第二十页第二十一页，共44页。【活学活用】2)Boysandgirls，believeinyourselves.The

youare，thebettergradesyou'llget.(2015，哈尔滨)A．morecarefulB．morecarefullyC．mostcarefully3)Theweatherisbecoming

．(2014，兰州)A．hotterandhotterB．morehotandhotC．hoterandhoterD．moreandmorehot►Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents？你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢？【典例在线】Whydon'tyoubuyasuitforyourhusband？你为什么不给你丈夫买一套西服呢？WhynotlearnsomeChinesepopsongs？为什么不学一些中国的流行歌曲？What/Howaboutgoingforawalk？去散步怎么样？AA第二十一页第二十二页，共44页。【拓展精析】Whydon'tyoudosth.？＝Whynotdosth.？是提建议的一种表达方式。类似的表达方式还有：What/Howaboutdoingsth.?Shallwedosth.?Let'sdosth..You'dbetterdosth..其肯定答语为“Goodidea！/OK./Wonderful！/Great！/Soundsgood！”等；其否定答语为“Sorry，but...”等。【活学活用】4)—WhatshouldIgetmymomforherbirthday?—Why

getherascarf?A．don'tyouB．doyouC．notyouD．don't5)—Look！It‘srainingheavily！

takearaincoatwithyou?—Well，I'lltakeonerightnow.(2014，阜康)A．WhynotB．Whydon'tC．WouldyoumindD．WouldyoulikeAA第二十二页第二十三页，共44页。►borrow，lend与keep【典例在线】IborrowedabookfromJackyesterday.昨天我从杰克那里借了一本书。Jacklentmeabookyesterday./Jacklentabooktomeyesterday.昨天杰克借给我一本书。HowlongcanIkeepthebook？这本书我可以借用多长时间？【拓展精析】borrow指“借入”或“借他人的东西供自己使用”。固定短语borrowsth.fromsb.意为“向某人借某物”。lend指“(把自己的东西)借出”。固定短语lendsb.sth.或lendsth.tosb.意为“借给某人某物”。keep意为“保存；保留”，可引申为“借用”，此时常与一段时间或howlong等连用。第二十三页第二十四页，共44页。【活学活用】1)—Jim，canI

yourcar?—Sorry，I

ittoStevenjustnow.—Howlongwillhe

it?—Twodays.2)这本书你可以借阅一周。(2015，白银)Youcan

thisbook

aweek.borrowlentkeepkeepfor第二十四页第二十五页，共44页。►provide与offer【典例在线】Theyprovidedthechildrenwithgoodfoodandclothing.他们给孩子们提供了衣服和食物。Themanageroffersajobtomeinhiscompany.那个经理在他的公司里给我提供了一份工作。【拓展精析】provide意为“提供；供应”，常用于providesb.withsth.或providesth.forsb.固定搭配中。offer意为“提供；给予”，常用于offersb.sth.或offersth.tosb.固定搭配中。另offertodosth.意为“(主动提出)做某事”。【活学活用】3)Thatcompany

(提供)uswith3，000dollarsin2015.4)Parentsoften

theirchildrensomegoodadvice.(2014，兰州)A．offer；withB．offer；/C．provide；withD．bothBandCprovidedD第二十五页第二十六页，共44页。►instead，insteadof，ratherthan【典例在线】LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerI'mgoingtoDalianinstead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将改去大连。Weshoulddosomethinginsteadofjusttalkingaboutit.＝Weshoulddosomethingratherthanjusttalkaboutit.我们不应该只是谈论，而应该做点什么。【拓展精析】instead作副词，意为“代替；而不是”，常位于句首或句末。insteadof和ratherthan都可以表示“而不是”，常位于句中，两者都可接名词、代词等作宾语。若后接动词时，insteadof后接v.­ing，ratherthan后常接动词原形。【活学活用】5)Ifyou'rebusy，youmaycomeanotherday

．6)Hewouldplaycomputergames

dohishomework.7)Youshouldtryyourbesttofinishit

givingup.insteadratherthaninsteadof第二十六页第二十七页，共44页。一、单项选择。1．—Ithinkrunningisaneasywaytokeephealthy.—

，butBilldoesn'tthinkso.(2015，山西中考考前适应性训练)A．Noproblem

B．Iagree

C．I'mafraidnot2．Theaimofourschoolistoprepareusforthefuture

wecanfaceallthechallengeswithconfidence.(2015，山西百校联考一模)A．nowthatB．eversinceC．sothat3．—Hey，Dave.CanyougobikeridingonSaturday?—

．I'mnotavailable.Imustgotocelebratemygrandma'sbirthday.(2015，山西百校联考一模)A．Yes，I'dlovetoB．It'suptoyouC．I'msorryBCC第二十七页第二十八页，共44页。4．It'shelpfulto

agoodhabitofreadinginourdailylife.(2015，山西百校联考二模)A．takeB．showC．develop5．Man'sunderstandingofnatureisdeveloping

．Itneverstaysatthesamelevel.(2015，山西百校联考二模)A．fromtimetotime

B．forthefirsttimeC．allthetime6．—Remembertousebothsidesofthepaper.—

．It'sourdutytosavetrees.(2015，山西百校联考二模)A．WelldoneB．Me，tooC．I'sureIwillCCC第二十八页第二十九页，共44页。7．—CanIhelpyou?—Thankyouforyour

，butIwanttotryitbymyself.(2015，山西百校联考三模)A．adviceB．newsC．offer8．Atschool，somestudentsareactive

someareshy，yettheycanbefriendswithoneanother.(2015，山西百校联考四模)A．whileB．althoughC．since9．Thishotel

usalargehouse.(2015，晋城模拟)A．provides；forB．offers；toC．provides；withCAC第二十九页第三十页，共44页。10．Ourgovernmenthastriedmanywaysto

thesmog(雾霾)problem.Maybewe'llhaveaclearskyinthenearfuture.(2015，哈尔滨)A．putawayB．workoutC．comeup11．—Whichwouldyoulike，acupoftea，acupofcoffeeoraglassofmilk？(2015，米泉)—

．IthinkI'lljusthaveaglassofwater.A．BothB．NeitherC．None12．TheBeltandRoadInitiative(一带一路倡议)willhelpChinaimprove

withthoserelatedcountries，especiallyPakistan.(2015，龙岩)A．relationshipB．agreementC．environmentBCA第三十页第三十一页，共44页。二、完形填空。Insteadofpapertowels，manypublicrestroomshaveputinhot­airhanddryers.Ithinkourschoolwouldbenefitby1thesehanddryers.Firstofall，ahot­airhanddryerisvery2

．Asweknow，apapertowelholderisbeingpassedbyalargenumberofstudentseveryday.Someof3arelikelytocatchdiseasescausedbythegerms(细菌)

4thepapertowelholder.Whenhot­airhanddryersareputinatourschool，studentscanjuststicktheirhandsunderthem，

5touchinganything.Thespreadofdiseaseswillbe6

．Secondly，ifwebuythishot­airhanddryer，wecan7theschool'smoney.Ihavenoticedthatthereisaterriblewasteofthesepapertowels.Manystudentsoftengetmore8thantheyreallyneed.9

，thepapertowelholdersoonbecomes10andourcleaneriscalledalotoftimesadaytobringinnewtowels.Whatawasteoftime!第三十一页第三十二页，共44页。Finally，ourbathroomisapapertowelmess！Thereare11pilesofpapertowelsonthefloor.Manytimeskidsturntheirusedtowelintoaballand12fora“basket”．Butifthey13tothrowitintothewastepaperbasket，thepaperballstaysonthefloor.Thenwecangetvery14thefloorlitteredwithdirtypaper.However，ahot­airhanddryercansolvetheproblem.Keepingkidshealthy，savingmoney，andhelpingourschoolstaycleanarethreegood15forthehanddryers.Let'schangethemassoonaspossible!第三十二页第三十三页，共44页。()1.A.using

B．finding

C．inventing()2.A.interestingB．dangerousC．healthy()3.A.youB．themC．us()4.A.waitingfor

B．livingonC．preparingfor()5.A.withoutB．byC．after()6.A.continuedB．preventedC．encouraged()7.A.spendB．collectC．save()8.A.waterB．towelsC．dryersACBBABCB第三十三页第三十四页，共44页。()9.A.AsusualB．BythewayC．Asaresult()10.A.popularB．dirtyC．empty()11.A.neverB．alwaysC．still()12.A.aimB．lookC．Ask()13.A.stopB．failC．refuse()14.A.angryabout

B．nervousaboutC．afraidof()15.A.memoriesB．excusesC．reasonsCCBABAC第三十四页第三十五页，共44页。三、阅读理解(一)。(2015，晋城模拟)Anewtermmightbethebesttimetomakenewfriends，butitcanbehardtobeginthefirstconversation.Belowarefourusefulways.Takealook.Searchforcommoninterests.Talkingaboutsharedinterests，suchassportsandpopulartalentshows，istheeasiestwaytomakeasuccessfultalkwithsomeone.Welcomethesilence.Infact，sometimessilenceisneededinordertocontinueaconversation.Rememberthatifyousaysomething，theotherpersonmayneedtimetounderstandit.第三十五页第三十六页，共44页。Keepitpositive(积极的)．Tomakegreatsmalltalks，youshouldkeepthingsfun.Youshouldbecheerfulandabletolaughoverthingsthataren'tveryinteresting.Thesewillmaketheotherpersonwanttokeeptalkingtoyou.Takeitasalearningexperience.Everytimeyoumeetsomeonefromotherplaces，it'sagoodchancetolearnsomethingnew.Youcanlearnmoreabouttheirculturesandnations.Thesemakeyouamoreinterestingpersontotalktoaswell.第三十六页第三十七页，共44页。1．Howmanywaysarementionedtostartaconversationinthereading？

A．Onlyone.B．Three.C．Four.2．Youcanstartameaningfulconversationby

accordingtothereading.A．travellingtoothercountriesB．studyingveryhardintheclassC．talkingaboutthesameinterests3．Ifsomeoneistalkingaboutsomethingyoudon'tlike，youshouldaccordingtothereading.A．stoptheconversationatonceB．becheerfulandrelaxedC．keepsilentallthetimeCCB第三十七页第三十八页，共44页。四、补全对话。(2015，呼和浩特)A：Hi，everybody.I'mBecky.Welcomebackto“TheProblemLine”．Today，we'regoingtotalkaboutproblemswithparents.Okay，it'stimeforanothercall.1.

B：Hello.Myname'sDavid.A：Hi，David.Welcometo“TheProblemLine”.2.

B：Well，I'mhavingproblemswithmymom.Everytimewetalkaboutsomething，weargue.A：3.It'simpolite.B：Iknow.Butshealwaysarranges(安排)everythingforme.Ican'tevendecidewhattowearonweekends.A：That'stoobad.4.

B：Itried，butsheneverlistenedtome.ShethinksIshouldlistentoherbecauseI'mherchild.A：Well，that'sadifficultproblem.5.

C：Hello，I'mVera.IthinkDavidshouldaskhisteacherforhelp.Perhapshismotherwilllistentohisteacher.BGFED第三十八页第三十九页，共44页。B：OK.I'llhaveatry.Thankyou.A．Hi，where

are

you

from?B．Hello，who's

calling?C．You

should

learn

from

them.D．Dear

listeners，who

can

give