英译汉长篇翻译(七)

英译汉（七）12.27Exercises2Howcananyonehopetobeaqualifiedteacher,whodoesn’tknowwhatthestudentsarethinkinganddemanding?Einstein,whoworkedoutthefamousTheoryofRelativity,wontheNovelPrizein1921.Itisbelievedthatworrycanmakeaperson’shairturngrayovernight.ImustmakefulluseofthetimelefttomeanddoasmuchasIcanforthepeople.Electroniccomputers,whichhavemanyadvantages,can’tcarryoutcreativeworkandcompletelyreplacepeople.Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenraged(激怒)allofus.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.Iknockedatthedooroftheredhouse,whichopenedrightaway.Mymotherdiedinher88thyear,amightyage(高龄)foronewhoat40wassodelicateofbodyastobethoughtaninvalid(体弱多病的)destinedto（注定）passaway.Kantwasfondoftalking,butpreferredtotalkalone,andifinterruptedorcontradicted(反驳)wasaptto(倾向于)showdispleasure;hisconversation,however,wassoagreeablethatnonemindedifhemonopolized(垄断)it.复合句（从句）翻译A.名词性从句的翻译（主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句的翻译）：名词性从句的翻译相对简单，其位置在汉语中可以不用改变。Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.他告诉我的只是半真半假的东西而已。Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.

他参不参加会议都没多大关系。Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified,butIfeelthatheneedsmoreexperience.我知道他完全够条件，但我觉得他需要更多的经验。Thisiswheretheshoepinches.

这就是问题的症结所在。HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.他表示希望能再来中国访问。Yet,fromthebeginning,thefactthatIwasalivewasignored.然而从一开始，我仍活着这个事实却偏偏被忽视了。Exercises:Whateverhesawandheardonhistripgavehimaverydeepimpression.Whoevercomestoourpublicreferencelibrarywillbewelcome.Itdoesn’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.

他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。什么人到我们公共图书馆来参观都可以。他参不参加会议都没多大关系。驾驶员在飞机坠毁后竟能生还，真是不可思议。真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。Itakeitforgrantedthatyouwillcomeandtalkthematteroverwithhim.IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.Wehavenodefiniteinformationyetastowhichroutehewilltake.Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.Shehadnoideawhyshethoughtofhimsuddenly.Theywereverysuspiciousoftheassumptionthathewouldratherkillhimselfthansurrender.

我理所当然地认为，你会回来跟他谈这件事的。我被选参加会议，感到十分荣幸。关于他走那条路线，我们还没有确切消息。他对新闻界的看法是，记者们不是支持他，就是反对他。她不明白自己为什么突然想到了他。对于他宁愿自杀也不投降这种假设，他们是很怀疑的。名词性从句的翻译小技巧：一个翻译名词从句的常用方法是使用冒号来引导，或有这个含义的词如“即”“这样”“这种”等：Butconsideringrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.

但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不承认这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。Andtherewasthepossibilitythatasmallelectricalsparkmightaccidentallybypassthemostcarefullyplannedcircuit.而且总是有这种可能性---一个小小的电火花，可能会意外地绕过了最为精心设计的线路。Hepouredintohiswritingallthepainsofhislifeandtheconvictionithadbroughttohimthattheworldcouldbemadeabetterplacetoliveiniftheexploitedwouldriseup.他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛苦个他带来的一种信念：如果被剥削的人们起来反抗，世界就会变得美好。Thefactthatthegravityoftheearthpullseverythingtowardsthecenteroftheearthexplainsmanythings.Notlongagothescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscoverythatthis“waste”materialcouldbeturnedintoplastics.Therehaslongbeenasuperstition（迷信）

amongmariners（海员）

thatdolphinswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharksbysurroundingthemincircles.地球引力把一切东西都吸引向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。不久前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。很久以来，海员中有一种迷信，认为海豚会把快死的人推到水面把他们救起，或者在溺水人周围形成圆圈，保护他们不受鲨鱼伤害。定语成分、从句的翻译定语句子A.译成前置定语(合译法)把定语从句译成汉语带“的”的定语短语，放在被修饰词之前，从而将复合句译成汉语简单句。例如：Thepeoplewhoworkedforhimlivedinmortalfearofhim.

在他手下干活的人对他都怕得要死。Pollutionisapressingproblemwhichwemustdealwith.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。“HowcouldagreatpaperliketheWashingtonPost,fullofbrillianteditors,getsoinvolvedinitsownconceitandarrogancetopursueastorywhichitsownstaffwassayingwasfabricatedfromthebeginning?”像《华盛顿邮报》这样一家拥有许多出色编辑的大报，为何自以为是和高傲自大到如此地步，竟然追求一篇连自己的编辑人员从一开始也认为是虚构的报道？”Exercises:Hewroteabook,whichisabouteconomics.ThisisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevising(修改)theplan.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingandsleeping.Thesun,whichhadhiddenallday,nowcameoutinallitssplendor(光芒).ButMiggle’slaugh,whichwasveryinfectious(有感染力的),brokethesilence.他写了一本经济学方面的书。这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。他常常聚精会神地做工作，这时他会废寝忘食。整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。但密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了寂静。B.译成并列分句（分译法）如果定语从句太长，译成前置定语显得太长而且不符合汉语表达习惯，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。Afuelisamaterialwhichwillburnatareasonabletemperatureandproduceheat.燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.我们把郊游推迟到下星期，到那时我们不会这么忙了。Nearlyeveryoneknowsthestoryof“thedogthatworriedthecatthatcaughttheratthatatethegrainthatlayinthehousethatJackbuilt.”几乎人人都知道这个故事：“杰克盖了房，房里堆了粮，耗子把粮吃光，猫把耗子抓伤，狗又把猫逼上房。”Exercise:Newtoninventedapaperlantern(灯笼)illuminated(照亮)byacandlewhichhecarriedwithhimtolighthiswaytoschoolondarkwintermorning.Wewillputofftheoutinguntilnextweek,whenwewon’tbesobusy.Inpowerstations,coaloroilisburnedandchangedintoelectricity,whichisthensentovertohomesandfactories.Shewasnotunconscious,ascouldbejudgedfromhereyes.ThetyphooninlastAugustfromwhichsevencountriessufferedagreatlosshasarousedgreatattentionamongscientiststhroughouttheworld.牛顿发明了一只点蜡烛的纸灯笼，在昏暗的冬天早晨上学时便带着它照路。我们把郊游推迟到下星期，到那时我们不会这么忙了。在发电站里，煤和油燃烧变成电，然后电沿着导线输送到住家和工厂。她没有失去知觉，这从她的眼睛可以看出来。去年八月一场台风使七个国家受灾。目前它已引起全球科学家的高度重视。C.混合译法有时根据汉语的表达习惯，可以把原句中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立的句子。这种方法比较适合翻译限制性定语从句和“Therebe”结构中含有的定语从句。Therearemanypeoplewhowanttoapplyfortheposition.有很多人想应聘这个岗位。Fortunatelytherearesomechemicalfuelsthatarecleanandsmokeless.幸好有些化学燃料是洁净无烟的。Weusedaplaneofwhichalmosteverypartcarriedsomeidentificationofnationalidentity.我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。D．译成状语从句英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状语关系，说明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等关系。翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑关系，然后译成汉语各种相应的偏正复句。Mancan’tliveonthemoon,wherethereisnoairorwater.人不能在月球上生活，因为那里没有空气和水。（译成原因状语从句）Electricalenergythatissuppliedtoalampcanbeturnedintolightenergy.

当把电供给电灯时，它就会变成光能。（译成时间状语从句）Nothingisdifficultintheworldforanyone,whodarestoscaletheheight.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。（译成条件状语从句）Exercises:Themanufactureofthisequipmentisaverycomplexone,whichtookusalotoftime.Hewishestowriteanarticle,whichwillattractpublicattentiontotheairpollutioninthiscity.HelikesMissNancyverymuch,whodespises(鄙视)him.Theharshtestisexpectedtocometodayorearlynextweekwhenabill(法案)goesbeforetheU.S.CongressforapprovalofthesaleofUS$60millionworthofsparepartstoTaiwan.这一仪器的生产非常复杂，结果花了我们很多时间。他想写一篇文章，以此来引起公众对这座城市空气污染的关注。尽管南希小姐很讨厌他，他却很喜欢她。出售价值六千万美元的零件给台湾的法案将在今天或下周初提交美国国会批准，届时严峻的考验就要到来了。E.特种定语从句的翻译特种定语从句主要是指由which或as引导的