《畅学英语阅读教程2》 课件 Unit 8 Life and Success

LifeandSuccessUnit8ENJOYINGENGLISHREADINGBookTwo2cussionUnit8LifeandSuccess1TextA

Warming-upNewWords2TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionWarming-upNewWordsWarming-upNewWordsGroupDiscussionQuotesReadingthroughWarmingupNewWordsTextAAppreciationofMusicTextA1《真心英雄》2“WhenYouBelieve”Question:

Istherea“successpersonality”？WarmingupNewWordsTextA1.Howwouldyoudescribeyourcharacter?competitive

helpful

curioushavestrongself-confidencehaveteamspiritTextAWarmingupNewWordsTextA2.Whatkindoflifedoyouthinkisasuccessfullife?greatwealth

ahighpositiongoodhealth

truefriendshipanicefamilyTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAcommissiongrueling

efficientknowledgeablepersistentpenetratingscrupulouslyaccuratenightmareincredibly

prevention

revolutionary

crankygrimlyallybarracks

filthy outrightopponenthalveremedyspeciicationTextANewWordsReadingthroughTextAattheexpenseof以……为代价siton当委员；担任职务ratherthan而不是deathrate死亡率dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，传来fromtoptotoe从头到脚；全部TextANewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.commission[kəˈmɪʃən]n.委员会；调查团；考察团e.g.Thecommissionisregulatingcompetition.委员会正在规范竞争。2.grueling['grʊəlɪŋ]adj.非常累人的；折磨人的gruel的ing形式3.efficient[ɪˈfɪʃənt]adj.有效率的

e.g.Thisisahighlyefficientnewheatingsystem.这是个高效的新取暖系统。4.knowledgeable[ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl]adj.有丰富知识的

e.g.Sheisveryknowledgeableaboutplants.她对植物很在行。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA5.persistent[pəˈsɪstənt]adj.坚持的；执意的6.penetrating[ˈpenətreɪtɪŋ]adj.思维敏锐的e.g.penetratingblueeyes锐利的蓝眼睛7.scrupulously['skru:pjələslɪ]adv.极仔细认真地；一丝不苟地;小心翼翼地8.accurate[ˈækjərət]adj.(测量、计算、记录等)精确的，无差错的

e.g.anaccuratedescription/account/calculation

准确的描述/叙述/计算9.nightmare[ˈnaɪtmeə(r)]n.可怕或不愉快的经历

e.g.

Thetripturnedintoanightmarewhentheybothgotsick.这次旅行成了一场噩梦，他们俩都病了。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA10.incredibly[ɪnˈkredəbli]adv.极端地；非常地

e.g.Incredibly,shehadnoideawhatwasgoingon.令人难以置信的是，她当时对发生的事一无所知。11.prevention[prɪˈvenʃn]n.预防

e.g.thepreventionofdisease疾病的预防12.revolutionary[ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri]adj.革命性的；创新的13.cranky[ˈkræŋki]adj.奇怪的

e.g.crankyideas/schemes

离奇古怪的想法/计划14.grimly[ɡrɪmlɪ]adv.令人沮丧地15.ally[ˈælaɪ,əˈlaɪ]n.盟友；支持者16.barracks[ˈbærəks]n.兵营；营房NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA17.filthy[ˈfɪlθi]adj.肮脏的

e.g.filthylanguage/words下流的语言/言辞18.outright[ˈaʊtraɪt]adj.完全的；彻底的

e.g.Shewastheoutrightwinner.她是绝对的优胜者。19.opponent[əˈpəʊnənt]n.反对者20.halve[hɑ:v]vt.把(某物)减半

e.g.Thecompanyishalvingitsprices.该公司正将产品半价出售。21.remedy[ˈremədi]vt.纠正；补救

e.g.Thereisnosimpleremedyforunemployment.失业问题没有简单的解决办法。22.specification[ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]n.(usu.pl.)规格说明NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA1.attheexpenseof以……为代价

e.g.Thedealersprofitedshamefullyattheexpenseofmyfamily.这些经销商通过损害我家人的利益不光彩地赚钱。2.siton当委员；担任职务

e.g.Hewasaskedtositonnumerouscommittees.他受邀担任过许多委员会的委员。3.ratherthan而不是

e.g.It'sagoodjobithappenedhereratherthanontheopenroad.庆幸的是事故发生在这里而不是在公路上。4.deathrate死亡率

e.g.Deathratesfromheartdiseasehaverisenconsiderablyinrecentyears.近年来心脏病的死亡率大大上升了。

NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextA。5.dragone’sfeet故意拖沓或怠工

e.g.Comeon,stopdraggingyourfeet!We'vegotloadstodotoday.快，别再磨蹭了！我们今天有很多事要干。6.comethrough(信息、消息等)收到，传来

e.g.Amessageisjustcomingthrough.刚有消息传来。7.fromtoptotoe从头到脚；全部

e.g.Thegirlwasdressedinbrownfromtoptotoe.那女孩从头到脚穿着一身棕色的衣服。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAReadthetextquicklyandcompletethetask:analysethestructure.StructureMainidea:

Nightingalewasarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Thoughshedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Mainidea:

Nightingaleappliedherknowledgetocivilianhospitalsandtoday’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.Mainidea:FlorenceNightingalebecameamemberofCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservice.PartII:Para.2-8PartIII:Para.9-12PartI:Para.1TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextAForBloominginWards—Nightingale1InMay1857,aCommissiontostudythewholequestionofthearmymedicalservicebegantosit.Thepricewashigh.FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.Shehadchanged.Nowshewasmorebrilliantinargumentthanever,moreefficient,moreknowledgeable,morepersistentandpenetratinginherreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate—shewaspushingherselftotheverylimitsofhercapacityattheexpenseofalljoy.

1857年5月，一个研究军队医务全项问题的委员会成立了。为此付出的代价是巨大的。这项辛劳的工作交给了弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔，并不是因为她主动请缨，而是这任务至关重要。她开始变了。变得比以往更能言善辩，更注重实效，更有见地，在论理上也更加坚定和深刻。她作风严谨，精益求精——这所有一切是她用牺牲所有的娱乐换来的。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA2Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.

1857年的夏天对弗洛伦斯来说是一场梦魇——她不仅要夜以继日地说服参与委员会工作的政客们，还要就她的个人经历撰写述职报告。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA3IttookFlorenceonlysixmonthstocompleteherown1,000confidentialreport:NotesonMattersAffectingtheHealth,EfficiencyandHospitalAdministrationoftheBritishArmy.Itwasanincrediblyclear,deeply-consideredvolume.

弗洛伦斯只用了六个月的时间就独自完成了长达一千页的《关于英国军队保健、效率和医院管理事项的纪要》的机密报告。其阐述之清晰，考虑之深入令人难以置信。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的基本主张是防患于未然。这在当时是标新立异的，许多政客和军医都觉得这过于出格同时又是稀奇古怪的。他们顽固地反对弗洛伦斯和她的支持者们。4FlorenceNightingalewasbasicallyarguingforpreventionratherthancure.Itwasanewideathenandmanypoliticiansandarmymedicalmenfeltitwasrevolutionaryandpositivelycranky.TheygrimlyopposedFlorenceandherallies.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA5Shewasforcedtoprovethatthesoldiersweredyingbecauseoftheirbasiclivingconditions.Shehadinspecteddozensofhospitalsandbarracksandnowexposedthemasdamp,filthyandunventilated,withdirtydrainsandinfectedwatersupplies.Sheshowedthatthesoldiers’dietwaspoor.Shecollectedstatisticswhichprovedthatthedeathrateforyoungsoldiersinpeacetimewasdoublethatofthenormalpopulation.

她不得不尽力去证实士兵们的基本生活条件是造成他们死亡的原因。她调查了几十家医院和兵营从而发现这些地方潮湿、污秽而且通风不畅，排水管污浊并且供水系统受到污染。她指出病号饭欠佳。她根据收集的统计数据证明在和平时期年轻士兵的死亡率是普通人的两倍。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA

她证实了尽管军队只招募最健康的年轻人，但每年仍有1500人死于疏忽大意、缺乏营养的食物和疾病。她大声疾呼道“我们的士兵在军营里被死亡招募而去”，这成为她的支持者们的斗争呼声。6Sheshowedthat,thoughthearmytookonlythefittestyoungmen,everyyear1,500werekilledbyneglect,poorfoodanddisease.Shedeclared,“Oursoldiersenlisttodeathinthebarracks.”andthisbecamethebattlecryofhersupporters.TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA7Thepublic,too,wasonherside.Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.

公众们也站在了她的一边。反对改革的保守派越是拖后腿，改革的压力就越大。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA8Florencedidnotwinanoutrightvictoryagainstheropponents,butmanychangescamethrough.Soonsomebarrackswererebuiltandwithinthreeyearsthedeathratewouldhalve.

尽管弗洛伦斯没有取得对反对派的彻底胜利，但确已出现了许多变化。有些兵营被改建，三年内死亡率从预计的减少一半。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA9TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.

至此委员会的紧张工作告一段落，但弗洛伦斯仍要继续研究，计划及督促今后三十年的军队医疗改革。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA10Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.In1859shepublishedabookcalledNotesonHospitals.Itshowedtheworldwhypeoplefearedtobetakenintohospitalsandhowmatterscouldberemedied.

人们现在开始希望她能将自己的学识用在民用医院方面，这些医院的情况在她看来和军队医院“一样糟，甚至更糟”。1859年她出了一本叫做《医院纪要》的书。该书向全世界揭示了人们害怕去医院的原因以及如何改良。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA11Florencesoonbecameanexpertonthebuildingofhospitalsandallovertheworldhospitalswereestablishedaccordingtoherspecifications.ShewrotehundredsandhundredsoflettersfromhersofainLondoninquiringaboutsinksandsaucepans,locksandlaundryrooms.Nodetailwastoosmallforherconsideredattention.Sheworkedoutideasforthemostefficientwaytodistributecleanlinen,thebestmethodofkeepingfoodhot,andthecorrectnumberofinchesbetweenbeds.Sheintendedtochangetheadministrationofhospitalsfromtoptotoe.Livesdependedupondetail.

弗洛伦斯不久就成了医院设施方面的专家，全世界的医院都以她制定的细则进行设计。她坐在伦敦家里的沙发上，写了成百上千封的信件询问有关洗涤槽和平底锅、门锁和洗衣房的情况。对她来说事无巨细都予以细致入微的关注。她想出办法，最有效地来发放干净的被褥，最好地保温食物的方法，床与床之间最佳的摆放尺寸。她要彻底改变医院的管理制度。细节维系生命。TextAReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextA12FlorenceNightingalesucceeded.AllovertheworldNightingale-stylehospitalswerebuilt.AndFlorencecontinuedtoadviseonhospitalplansforover40years.Today’shospitalswiththeirflowersandbright,cleanandcheerfulwardsareadirectresultofherwork.

弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔成功了。全世界都要建立南丁格尔式的医院。同时弗洛伦斯将在今后的四十多年里继续为医院的规划出谋划策。如今的医院鲜花盛开，窗明几净，病房干净和充满欢乐，所有这一切都应归功于她的工作。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA1Thatsummerof1857wasanightmareforFlorence—notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission,butshewaswritingherownreportaboutherexperiences.(Para.2)notonlywassheworkingdayandnighttoinstructthepoliticianssittingontheCommission是倒装语序。

e.g.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.他不仅讲话更正确了，而且讲得也更轻松了。1857年的那个夏天对弗洛伦斯来说是一段不愉快的经历——她不仅要夜以继日地指导委员会中任职的政客们，还要就她的经历撰写她自己的报告。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA2Themoretheanti-reformersdraggedtheirfeet,thegreaterthereformpressurebecame.(Para.7)反对改革的保守派越是故意拖沓，改革的压力就变得越大。句中“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构表示“越(是)……，越……”。

e.g.Thewarmertheweather,thebetterIfeel.天气越暖和，我感觉越舒服。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA3TheintenseworkontheCommissionwasover,butFlorencewastocontinuestudying,planningandpressingforarmymedicalreformforthenext30years.(Para.9)委员会的紧张工作告一段落，但弗洛伦斯未来30年仍要继续研究、计划并督促军队医疗改革。系动词was后的不定式tocontinue...在此处作表语。

e.g.Thewallistokeeppeopleoutofthegarden.这堵墙为的是不让人到花园里来。TextANotesGroupDiscussionTextA4Peoplenowbegantodemandthatsheapplyherknowledgetocivilianhospitals,whichshefoundtobe“justasbadorworse”thanmilitaryhospitals.(Para.10)人们现在开始要求她将自己的学识用在民用医院方面，这些医院的情况在她看来和军队医院“一样糟，甚至更糟”。句中demand后面的从句用了动词原形作谓语，是虚拟语气的用法。demand、insist、ask等动词后的宾语从句需要用should+动词原形，should可省略。

e.g.Theydemandedthattherighttovotebegiventoeveryadultman.他们要求给予每个成年男子以选举权。TextAGroupDiscussionTextA1WhywasFlorenceNightingaledoingthisgruelingworkin1857?

FlorenceNightingalewasdoingthisgruelingworkbecauseitwasvital,notbecauseshehadchosenit.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA2WhatcanyoulearnfromNightingale?

Tobeefficient,knowledgeable,persistentandpenetratinginreasoning,scrupulouslyjust,mathematicallyaccurate.

TextAGroupDiscussionTextA3Inyouropinion,whatissuccess?TextASuccessistheachievementofagoal.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.WarmingupNewWordsTextB1.Doyouwanttobeasuccess?

2.Haveyougotsomeideaoffactorsthatinfluencesuccess

?Directions:ThefollowingquestionsTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBpersonalitycombinationtraitinevitablyformulacultivateprominentcurrentpinpointrecurprevalentawardextraneouscoremagnatefirsthandnoteworthycapabilityencompassperseverecomprehendincisivelydiligencesummarizetenaciousTextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextBindepth

深入地；全面地atrandom

随机地attribute…to…

……

归因于……takeaction

采取行动atleast至少TextBNewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.personality[ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪtɪ]n.个性2.combination[ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃən]n.结合

e.g.

Thiscombinationofcharactersisuniqueinthesection.这种特征的结合在本组中是唯一的。3.trait[trei,treit]n.(某人性格中的)特性

e.g.Whatdoyoufeelisyourstrongestpersonalitytrait?你认为你最显著的个性特点是什么？4.inevitably[ɪnˈevɪtəblɪ]adv.必然地

e.g.Inevitably,anargumentensued.接着不可避免地发生了一场争论。5.formula[ˈfɔːmjʊlə]n.准则；方案；处方，配方；公式

e.g.Hedevelopedamathematicalformula.他提出了一个数学公式。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB6.cultivate['kʌltɪveɪt]vt.培养；养成e.g.

Tomtriedtocultivategoodstudyhabits.汤姆试着去培养良好的读书习惯。7.prominent['prɒmɪnənt]adj.杰出的

e.g.

Thatschoolisprominentinbaseball.那个学校以棒球著称。8.current['kʌrənt]adj.当前的

e.g.

Howlongwillshekeephercurrentjob?她现在这份工作能维持多久?9.pinpoint['pɪnpɔɪnt]vt.准确地说出(事实真相)

e.g.

It'sdifficulttopinpointthecauseoftheaccident.很难清楚地找到事故发生的原因。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB10.recur[rɪ'kɜː(r)]vi.再次发生

e.g.Whatdoyouwanttomakeitrecur?如果你能选择的话，你希望让什么重现？11.prevalent['prevələnt]adj.普遍的

e.g.Eyediseasesareprevalentinsometropicalcountries.在一些热带国家，眼疾很流行。12.award[ə'wɔːd]vt. 给予；授予

e.g.Thechampionwasawardedthegoldmedal.

冠军被授予了金牌。13.extraneous[ɪk'streɪniəs]adj.无关的

e.g.Icanchoosetoignoretheseextraneousthoughts.我可以选择无视这些无关的想法。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB14.core[kɔː]n.核心

e.g.Thecoreofourappealisfreedomofspeech.我们的要求的核心是言论自由。15.magnate['mæɡneɪt]n.大亨；巨头

e.g.Mcdonald’sisaglobalsnackmagnate.麦当劳集团是全球快餐业巨头。16.firsthand['fɜːst'hænd]adv.第一手地；直接地

e.g.Ilearnedthenewsabouthermother’sillnessfirsthandfromLena.我直接从丽娜那里了解到她母亲生病的消息。17.noteworthy[ˈnəʊtˌwɜːðɪ]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Ifoundnothingparticularlynoteworthytoreport.我没有发现什么特别值得报道的事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB18.capability[ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlɪtɪ]n.能力

e.g.awoman’sindependence,capability,andpower女人的自立、能力和权力19.encompass[ɪnˈkʌmpəs]vt.包含；包括

e.g.Thegroupencompassesallages.这个小组各种年龄的人都有。20.persevere[ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə(r)]vi.坚忍不拔；坚持不懈

e.g.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。21.comprehend[ˌkɒmprɪˈhend]adj.值得注意的

e.g.Hestoodstaringatthedeadbody,unabletocomprehend.他站在那里，盯着那具尸体，弄不明白是怎么回事。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB22.incisively[ɪn'saɪsɪvlɪ]adv.切中要害地；尖锐地

e.g.Hewasincisivelycritical.他受到了尖锐的批评。23.diligence[ˈdɪlɪdʒəns]n.勤奋

e.g.Sheshowsgreatdiligenceinherschoolwork.她上学非常用功。24.summarize[ˈsʌməraɪz]v.总结

e.g.Basically,thearticlecanbesummarizedinthreesentences.这篇文章基本上可以概述为3句话。25.tenacious[təˈneɪʃəs]adj. 坚持的；顽强的

e.g.She'satenaciouswoman.Shenevergivesup.她是个坚毅的人，从不放弃。NewWordsReadingthroughTextATextB1.indepth深入地；全面地

e.g.aninterviewconductedingreatdepth.一次深入的采访

2.atrandom随机地

e.g.Choseacardatrandomfromthedeck.从一副牌中任意选出一张。3.attribute…to…把……归因于……

e.g.Mr.Brownattributeshisgoodhealthtocarefulliving.布朗先生把自己的健康体魄归功于审慎的生活方式。4.takeaction采取行动

e.g.Wemusttakeactionbeforeitistoolate.我们必须趁早采取行动，否则来不及了。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB1Istherea“successpersonality”—somewinningcombinationoftraitsthatleadsalmostinevitablytoachievement?Ifso,exactlywhatisthatsecretsuccessformula,andcananyonecultivateit?世间可有“成功的个性”——也就是那些注定使人成功的优势组合？如果的确有，那么，其秘诀何在？每个人都能培养出“成功的个性”吗?TextBWhatSuccessfulPeopleHaveinCommonReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB2Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.ThemaincriterionforinclusioninWho’sWhoinAmericaisnotwealthorsocialposition,butcurrentachievementinagivenfield.Ourresearchpinpointsanumberoftraitsthatrecurregularlyamongtopachievers.Herearefiveofthemostimportant:

近来我们集中深入地对成功问题进行了研究，在美国《名人录》中随机选取了1500名杰出人物，研究他们的态度和性格特征。在《名人录》中选取人物的重要标准是他们在其所属领域作出了被公众接受的贡献，而不是财富和社会地位。我们的研究将高成就者身上频繁出现的几种性格特征准确地显示出来。以下是最重要的5条：TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB3First,commonsense.Thisisthemostprevalentqualitypossessedbyourcorrespondents.Seventy-onepercentawardthemselvesatopscoreinthiscategory.And61percentsaythatcommonsenseisveryimportanttotheirsuccess.第一，良好的判断力。这是被调查者所拥有的最普遍的品质。79%的人在这一项上都得了高分。并且61%的人说判断力为他们的成功立下了汗马功劳。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB4Commonsensemeanstheabilitytorendersound,practicaljudgmentsoneverydayaffairs.Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.ATexasoilandgasmagnateputitthisway,“Thekeyabilityforsuccessissimplifying.Inconductingmeetingsanddealingwithindustryregulators,reducingacomplexproblemtothesimplesttermsishighlyimportant.”

对多数人来说，判断力是指合情合理地解决日常事务的能力。要做到这一点，就该扫除无关主题的思想的羁绊，确定事情的核心。一名得克萨斯的石油和天然气业的巨头如是说：“简单化是获取成功的一个重要能力。在主持会议和处理工业规定时，将一个复杂问题变成最简单的条款非常有必要。”TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB5Iscommonsenseatraitapersonisbornwith,orcanyoudosomethingtoincreaseit?Theoilman’sansweristhatcommonsensecandefinitelybedeveloped.Heattributeshisstoreofcommonsensetolearninghowtodebateinschool.Anotherwaytoincreaseyourstoreofcommonsenseistoobserveitinothers,learningfromtheirandyourownmistakes.

良好的判断力是一个人与生俱来的特征，还是后天提高的呢？那位石油大亨回答说，良好的判断力肯定可以培养出来。他把自己的这种能力归功于在学校学习辩论的技巧。增强判断力的另一种方法是观察别人，从别人和自己的错误中学习。

TextBReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

6Second,knowingone’sfield.Aftercommonsense,specializedknowledgeinone’sfieldisthesecondmostcommontraitpossessedbythecorrespondents,withthreefourthsgivingthemselvesanAinthiscategory.

第二，对你所在的领域了如指掌。在良好的判断力后，拥有某一领域的专业知识是被调查者的第二个普遍特征，3/4的人在这一项上给自己打了满分。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

7GeologistPhilipOxleyattributeshissuccesstohavingworkedintheoilfields.By“sittingonwellsandbirddoggingseismiccrews,”helearnedthetricksofthetradefirsthand.“People,whoaregoingtobegoodmanagersneedtohaveapracticalunderstandingofthecraftsintheirbusiness,”hesays.Todayhisexpertiseearnshimasix-figuresalary.Hesaysthat“understandingwhymyequipmentperformsthewayitdoes”ispartofhissuccessformula.Anoteworthypointisthatheobtainedhisspecializedknowledgethroughself-educationandnotthroughformalschooling.

地质学家菲利浦奥克斯勒把曾在油田工作过作为自己成功的一大原因。通过“在油井边坐着，观察地质队员”，他学到了第一手成功秘诀。“要成为出色的管理者需要对自己的事业所处的行业有切实的了解。”他说。如今，他的专业知识为他赢得了六位数的年薪。他说“了解自己设备的工作方式”是他成功秘诀的一部分。值得注意的是：他不是通过正规的学校教育获得专业知识的，而是自学成才的。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

8Third,self-reliance.Topachieversrelyprimarilyontheirownresourcesandabilities.Seventy-sixpercentgivethemselvesanAratingforthistrait.Self-relianceisnothowyoufeelorhowgoodyouare;rather,itiswhetheryouhavethegumptiontotakedefinitiveactiontogetthingsmovinginyourlife.Itincludesplain,oldwillpowerandtheabilitytogetgoals.

第三，依赖自己。成就大事业的人基本是依赖自身的资源和能力。76%的被调查者给自己的这一特点打A。依赖自己并非你感觉如何或认为你有多好就可以了；而要看你是否有魄力采取实际行动，并在生活中真正实施这些事情。这包括人们通常所说的意志力以及实现目标的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

9Twothirdsofthecorrespondentssaytheyhavecleargoalsfortheirlivesandcareers.AndhalfofthoseweinterviewedgivethemselvesanAinwillpower.Amongothercapabilities,willpowerencompassestheabilitytobeaself-starterandtopersevereafteraprojecthasbegun.

被调查者中有2/3的人说他们曾有确定的生活和职业目标。其中半数人给自己的意志力打A。与其他能力相比，意志力是一种主动开展一个项目并持之以恒的能力。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

10Fourth,generalintelligence.Thisisessentialforoutstandingachievementsbecauseitinvolvesyournaturalabilitytocomprehenddifficultconceptsquicklyandtoanalyzethemclearlyandincisively.Atleastthat’sthewayourrespondentsseeit—43percentsayitisaveryimportantingredientoftheirsuccess,andanother52percentsayitisfairlyimportant.

第四，一般智能。这是做出突出成就不可缺少的，因为它包括对困难的概念迅速理解并能清晰、准确地对其进行分析的自然能力。至少在我们的被调查者眼中是这样的——43%的人说这是他们取得成功的一个非常重要的因素，另有52%的人肯定了它的重要性。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

11Last,abilitytogetthingsdone.Asforaccomplishingtasks,nearlythreefourthsofourhighachieversrankthemselves“veryefficient.”Andtheyagreethatatleastthreeimportantqualitieshavehelpedthemtodoso:organizationalability,goodworkhabitsanddiligence.

最后，完成任务的能力。高成就者中几乎有3／4的人认为他们“非常有能力”完成任务。他们普遍认为，至少有三个重要的品质有助于他们这么做，即组织能力、良好的工作习惯和勤奋精神。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

12Aphysicsprofessorsummarizeshissuccessformulathisway,“Sheerhard,tenaciouswork,withtheabilitytopaceoneself.”

一位物理学教授在总结他的成功模式时这样说：“全力以赴，紧张工作，使自己有规律地匀速前行。”他坦言一周的工作时间总计有100小时。ReadingthroughGroupDiscussionTextB

13Besidesthefivelistedhere,thereareotherfactorsthatinfluencesuccess:leadership,creativity,relationshipswithothers,and,ofcourse,luck.Ifyoucultivatethesetraits,chancesareyou’llsucceed.AndyoumightevenfindyourselflistedinWho’sWhoinAmericasomeday.

除此5条，影响成功还有其他诸多因素，比如领导能力、创造能力、协调能力，当然，运气也不可缺少。如果具有了这些特点，你就可能获得成功，甚至在某一天，你会突然发现《名人录》中有自己的名字。NotesGroupDiscussionTextB1Werecentlyfocusedindepthonsuccess,examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica.(Para.2)近来我们集中深入地对成功话题进行了研究，在《美国名人录》中随机选取了1,500名杰出人物，考察他们对事物的看法和性格特性。句中examiningtheattitudesandtraitsof1,500prominentpeopleselectedatrandomfromWho’sWhoinAmerica是现在分词短语作伴随状语。e.g.Iphonedagain,makingsureIhadtherightnumber.我又打了一次电话，确保号码是对的。TextBNotesGroupDiscussionTextB2Todothis,onehastosweepasideextraneousideasandgetrighttothecoreofwhatmatters.(Para.4)要做到这一点，一个人就不要考虑无关的想法，确定要紧事的核心。句中Todothis是不定式作状语，表示目的。e.g.IwenttoliveinFrancetolearnFrench.我到法