高中英语作文写作-议论文专题

高中作文写作：议论文(专题二）基本类型:

记叙文写事记叙文、写人的记叙文

议论文对比观点议论文、说明利弊议论文

说明文事理类说明文、事物类说明文

应用文书信、通知、日记、海报、便条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词、广告议论文（一）定义：

议论文又叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过

摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。

三要素论点，论据和论证是议论文的三要素，论点是作者对所论问题所持的见解和主张；论据是用来证明论点的事实和道理的根据；论证就是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。一般来说，议论文每段应有主题句（topicsentence）来确定论点。文章结尾往往提出自己的看法、意见或建议，表示对某一现象或论点的赞成或反对。论证有立论和驳论两种，作者证明自己的论点正确，是立论；反之，证明别人的论点错误，是驳论。议论文的注意事项1.论点要鲜明，不可含糊其辞；论据要充分，要能充分证明观点的命题性，论据过程要条理清晰。2.文章安排逻辑性要强，推理要严密。3.重在说理，以理服人。4.主要使用现在时态。5.中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文，是一种限定性的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确，有的文章提出问题，如：……为什么？/……怎么办？/……该采取什么措施？考生可以结合题目要求阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。★议论文模板一、正反观点式议论文模板导入：第1段：Recentlywe’vehadadiscussionaboutwhetherweshould…（导入话题）Ouropinionsaredividedonthistopic.（观点有分歧）正文：第2段：Mostofthestudentsareinfavorofit.（正方观点）Herearethereasons.First…Second…Finally…（列出2~3个赞成的理由）第3段：However,theothersarestronglyagainstit.（反方观点）Theirreasonsareasfollows.Inthefirstplace…What’smore…Inaddition…（列出2~3个反对的理由）结论：第4段：Personallyspeaking,theadvantagesoverweighthedisadvantages,foritwilldousmoregoodthanharm,soIsupportit（个人观点）二、“A”或者“B”类议论文模板：导入：第1段SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.Others,however,arguethatBismuchbetter.Personally,IwouldpreferAbecauseIthinkAhasmoreadvantages.正文：第2段TherearemanyreasonswhyIpreferA.Themainreasonisthat…Anotherreasonisthat…(赞同A的原因)第3段：Allthesefactorsareconsidered,AismuchbetterthanB.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayfinallydrawtheconclusionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways.…(得出结论)三、观点论述类议论文模板：导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题Asastudent,Iamstronglyinfavorofthedecision.(亮明自已的观点是赞成还是反对)Thereasonsforthismaybelistedasfollows.（过渡句，承上启下）正文：第2段：Firstofall…Secondly…Besides…（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）结论：第3段：Inconclusion,Ibelievethat…(照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构)四、连贯地连接信息（1）常用的过渡词（组）1.表示并列what’smore,inaddition,too,aswell,besides,furthermore,moreover,what’sworse.2.表示因果therefore,forthisreason,thus,consequently.3.表示转折but,however,onthecontrary,instead,ononehand…ontheotherhand4.表示时间顺序later,afterwards,fromthenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,atthesametime,afterawhile,atpresent,afterthat,finally5.表示列举first,tobeginwith,secondly,firstofall,then,next,finally6.举例说明suchas,forexample,forinstance,take…forexample7.表示让步nevertheless,still8.表示对比onthecontrary,incontrast,similarly9.陈述事实infact,actually,asamatteroffact,totellyouthetruth10.表示总结inaword,inshort,tosumup,inconclusion,onthewhole,toconclude,inbrief,insummary,ingeneral,allinall11.表示意义重复that’stosay,inotherwords,toputitinanotherway,toputitdifferently12.表示强调aboveall,moreimportantly,indeed,withoutanydoubt(2)常用的过渡句式有：1.Idoagreewith…2.Insomeway,Iagreewith…,but…3.Thispointsoundsright,but…4.However,Ithink…5.Idefinitelybelieve…6.Inmyopinion/view,…7.Personally,Ifeelthat…/Personally,Iagreewith…8.AsfarasI’mconcerned,…9.Ican’tagreemorewiththefather.Suchcasesareoftenseeninourlife10.Attitudestowards…arevarious.11.foronething.…..foranother12.lastbutnottheleast….(3)表达观点认为Think/feel/consider/say/holdthat/holdtheviewthat/insist/believethat依我看Inmyopinion/inmyview/inmyeyes/asfarasIamconcerned就我所知AsfarasIknow我有理由如下Myreasonsareasfollows我的观点如下Herearemyopinions赞成/支持Agree/befor/beinfavorof⑩Infact,________.11.Thatisbecause______.12.Inaword,________.⑧Soitishightimeforusto_____.⑨Thatisbecause_______.⑩Secondly,_____.11.Thirdly,_________.12.Inconclusion,_________⑧Inspiteofallthese,therearestillmanyways_________.⑨Firstofall,_______.⑩Inaddition,_________.11.Thirdly,_______.12.Onlyinthisway,_________.[写作模板]问题解决型对某一问题/话题进行分析,找出解决办法,表达自己的看法.第一段：Nowadays，wehavetofaceaproblemthat…(问题)/Nowadays，moreandmorepeopleareconcernedabouttheproblem…(问题)/Itisimportantforusto…(问题).Forinstance_____________________(例一)First，_________________________(原因一).Moreover，_____________________(例二)Second，_______________________(原因二)第二段：Peoplehavefiguredoutmanywaystosolvetheproblem．/Confrontedwith…(问题)weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation．Firstly，________________________(解决方法一)Secondly，______________________(解决方法二)第三段：1)Personally，Ibelievethat_______________(我的方法)/Tome，Iamtakingtwowaystosolvetheproblemof…(问题)Oneofthemis________________________(我的方法)Theotherwayis_______________________(方法二)Bynowwayshavebeenworkingperfectlyandefficient1y…(结果)2)Inconclusion/Inaword/Tosumup/Insummary/Obviously/It’sclearthat…/It’snodoubtthat….现象解释型作文模板现象解释型模板一现象解释型模板二现象解释型模板三TOPIC①Recently,_____________.②Whatamazesusmostis_____.③Itistruethat___________.TOPIC①Asisknowntoall,_________.②___seemtogetaccustomedto_____.③Infact,__________.TOPIC①Nowadays,_________.②Foronething,_____.③Foranother,_____________④Itisobviousthat________.④Therearemanyreasonsexplaining____.⑤Themainreasonis________.⑥Whatismore,____________.⑦Thirdly,______________.⑧Asaresult,_____________.④Thereasonsof_______lieinseveralaspects.⑤Firstly,______.⑥Secondly,_________.⑦Thirdly,________.⑧Finally,_________⑤Manyremarkablefactorscontributeto__________⑥Firstofall,_______.⑦Inaddition,_________.⑧Finally,_________.⑨Consideringallthese,___.⑩Foronething,_________.11.Foranother,_____________.12.Inconclusion,___________.⑨Asamatteroffact,_______.⑩Ontheonehand,_____.11.Ontheotherhand,______.12.Therefore,__________.⑨Astome,________⑩Asweknow,_________.11.Besides,_________12.Inaword,___________.现象解释型叙事类模板现象解释型图表类模板一现象解释型图表类模板二TOPIC①Itsohappenedthat_____.②Justatthemoment,_____.③Itimpressedmemostbecause____.TOPIC①Asisclearlyshowninthechart/table/figure/graph,______.②Especially_______.③Therearethreereasonsfor_______.TOPIC①Thetable/graph/figure/chartshowsthat___________.②Itisself-evidentthat_____.③Threepossiblereasonscontributeto_________.④Whathappenedwas_______.⑤Atfirst,_______.⑥Almostatthesametime,_______.⑦What’smore,________.⑧Asaresult,_________.④Tobeginwith,_______.⑤Inaddition,________.⑥Forexample,_________.⑦Lastbutnotleast,_________⑧Inshort,__________.④Onereasonisthat____.⑤Anotherreasonisthat_______.⑥Forinstance,__________.⑦What’smore,_________.⑧Asaresult,_________.⑨AsIunderstand,________.⑩Ontheonehand,_______.11.Ontheotherhand,______.12.Therefore,___________.⑨AsfarasIamconcerned/Asforme/Formypart,___________.⑩Ononehand,___________.11.Ontheotherhand,________.12.Inbrief,___________.⑨However,inmyopinion,_____.⑩Foronething,_________.11.Fortheotherthing,_________.12.Tosumup,Inconclusion,____.对比论述型作文模板对比论述型模板一对比论述型模板二对比论述型模板三TOPIC①Thereisaheateddebateover__.②Itiscommonlyacceptedthat__.③Incontrast,others_______.TOPIC①Recently,wemayhearquitedifferentopinions___________.②Mostpeopletakeitforgrantedthat______.③However,othershold__________.TOPIC①Differentpeoplewillofferquitedifferentideas__________.②Manypeopleassert________.③However,othersbelieve_____.④Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionsuggest__________.⑤Intheirview,________.⑥However,othersthink_____.⑦Theyarguethat_______.④Adominantideaisthat_______.⑤Inthisview,_______.⑥Nevertheless,theobjectorsthink____.⑦Theyarguethat_______.

④Somemayproclaim________.⑤Theymaintainsuchasideabecause_______.⑥Incontrast,theobjectorsthink____.⑦Theyarguethat________.⑧Consideringoneafteranother,Istandonthesideof____.⑨Firstofall,_________.⑩Furthermore,______.11.Thirdly,________.12.Therefore,___________⑧Astome,Iprefer_________⑨Ontheonehand,_______.⑩Ontheotherhand,________.11.Therefore,__________.12.Inconclusion,____________.⑧AsfarasIamconcerned,Iagreeto_________.⑨First,_______.⑩Second,________.11.Lastbutnotleast,________.12.Inaword,__________.[写作模板]对比选择型不同观点对比列举理由然后自己的观点.第一段：Somepeopletendtothinkthat_________________________(观点一)Theypointoutthat__________________________________(理由一)Additionally，_____________________________________(理由二)Acaseinpointis___________________________________(举例)Therefore_________________________________________(小结)第二段：Onthecontrary，otherpeopleholdtheviewthat_____________(观点二)Theyarguethat_______________________________________(理由一)What'smore________________________________________(理由二)Asanillustration，__________________________________(举例)Accordingly，_____________________________________(小结)第三段：AsfarasIamconcerned，(Ithink)________________________(我的观点)Thereasonisthat_______________________________________(理由一)Andalso，____________________________________________(理由二)So，_________________________________________________(总结自己的观点)[写作模板]说明利弊型某观点/某件事/某现象有利(列举好处),也有弊(列举弊端),应如何正确对待第一段：[某观点/某件事/某现象有利(列举好处)]Wheneverwehearpeoplesaythat_____(主题)we'llinstantlyhavetheideathatitisagood／badthingfor_______(某人)Indeed，_________(主题)haveadvantagesto_____________(某人)Wecantake_____________________(举例)asanexample…．Itwillbenefit____________________(好处一)Inaddition______________________(好处二)第二段：[也有弊(列举弊端)]Inthemeantime，wemustrealizethosedisadvantagesof____(主题)Firstofall，_______________(坏处一)Second,___________________(坏处二)第三段：[应如何正确对待]Tosumuptheabovearguments，Ithinkaproperattitudetowards__________(主题)isthat_______________________(我的观点)对立观点式

A．有人认为X是好事，赞成X，为什么？

B．有人认为X是坏事，反对X，为什么？

C．我的看法。

SomepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofdoingX.Theypointoutthefactthat_______________________支持X的第一个原因。Theyalsoarguethat_____________________________支持X的另一个原因。

However,otherpeoplestandonadifferentground.TheyconsideritharmfultodoX.Theyfirmlypointoutthat________________________反对X的第一个理由。Anexamplecangivethedetailsofthisargument:________________一个例子。

Thereissometruthinbotharguments.ButIthinktheadvantagesofXoverweighthedisadvantages.Inadditiontotheabove-mentionednegativeeffectsitmightbringabout,XalsomayX的有一个坏处。批驳观点式

A．一个错误观点。

B．我不同意。

Manypeoplearguethat____________________错误观点。Bysayingthat,theymean_________________对这个观点的进一步解释。Anexampletheyhavepresentedisthat_______一个例子。（AccordingtoasurveyperformedbyXonagroupofY,almost80%ofthem________赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。

Theremightbesomeelementoftruthinthesepeople’sbelief.Butifweconsideritindepth,wewillfeelnoreservationtoconcludethat_______与错误观点相反的观点。Thereareanumberofreasonsbehindmybelief.主题型议论文[写作模板]阐述主题型第一段：Afamoussayinggoesthat_____________________(名言或谚语).Itmeansthat_______________________________(释义).Anexampleofthiscaseis____________________(举例，解释).第二段：Anothercaseinpointis_______________________(例二)/Secondly,_______第三段：Ilikethesaying____________(名言)whichencouragesme____________(理由)议论文作文例句参考：

Beginning(开头):

1.Contrarytogenerally(commonly)acceptedideas(views),Iarguethat...

2.Asopposedtowidelyheldbeliefthat

,Ibelievethat...

3.Althoughmanypeoplebelievethat...,Idoubtwhethertheargumentcanbearmuch(further)analysis(closeexamination).

4.TheadvantagesofBoutweighanybenefitwegainfromA.

5.Althoughitiscommonly(widely/generally)accepted(held/agreed)that...,itisunlikelytobetruethat...

6.(Indeed)Thereisanelement(someelements)oftruthinthisargument(statement),butitignoresadeeperandmorebasic(important/essential)factthat...

7.Itistruethat(True,Tobesure,Admittedly,)...,butitisunlikely(itwon'tbethe

case/itdoesnotmean)that...

8.Themain(obvious/great)problem(flaw/drawback)with(in)thisargument(view)is

that

9.Itwouldbepossible(natural/reasonable)tothink(believe/taketheview)that...,butit

wouldbeabsurd(wrong)toclaim(argue)that...

10.Inallthediscussionanddebateover...,oneimportantfactisgenerallyoverlooked(neglected).

11.Toomuchemphasisplacedon(attentionpaidto)..,mayoverlook/neglectotherfacts...

12.Howeversound(logical/valid)thisargumentmaybe,itonlyskimsthesurfaceoftheproblem.

13.AlthoughIappreciatethat...,Icannotagreewiththetitlestatement.

14.AsfarasIamconcerned,however,Ibelievethat...

15.Amongthemostconvincingreasonsgiven(cited/offered/identified)bypeoplefor...,one

shouldbestressed(emphasized/mentioned)...

16.Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof

Thosewhoobjectto...arguethat...Butpeoplewhofavor

ontheotherhand,arguethat...

17.Currently(Inrecentyears/Inthepastfewyears/Formanyyears),thereis(hasbeen)a(an)general(widespread/widelyheld)feelingtowards(concernover/attitudetowards/trendtowards/awarenessof/realizationof/illusionof/beliefin)...

18.Thesedaysweareoftentoldthat(hearabout)

butisthisreallythecase?

19.Itisignorantofthebasicfactthat...

20.Thearguermayberightabout...,butheseemstoneglect(fail)tomention(takeintoaccount)thefactthat...

Paragraph(正文起承句):

1.Althoughthepopularbeliefisfact,acurrentstudy(survey/investigation)indicatesthat...

2.Theincreasefailure(success/change)in...mainly(partly/largely)resultsfrom(arise

from)...

3.Asthesayinggoes

4.Whatisalsoworthnoticingisthat...

5.Onemaycontributetheincrease(decrease/change)to...,but..,isnotbyitselfanadequateexplanation.

6.Accordingto(Ascanbeseenin/Asisshownin)thefigure(statistics/findings/data)released(provided)by...,itcanbelearned(seen/predicted)that...

7.Aseverycoinhastwosides,thedisadvantagesofitcannotbeignored

Concluding(结尾)

1.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove(Tackingintoallthesefactors/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered),wemaydrawtheconclusionthat...

2.Alltheevidence(analysis)supports(confirms/warrants/pointsto)a(an)unshakable(sound/unmistakable)conclusionthat...

3.Thereisnoimmediate(effective)solution(approach/answer/remedy)totheproblemof...,but...mightbeuseful(helpful/beneficial).

4.Itishightimethatweplacegreat(special/considerable)emphasisontheimprovement(development/promotion)of...

5.Itisnecessary(essential/fundamental)thateffective(proper)action(measures/steps/remedies)shouldbetakentopreventthesituation.

6.Forthereasonsgivenabove,Ifeel(recommend)that...

7.Itishoped(suggested/recommended)thatgreat(corporate/persistent)effortsshouldbemadetocontrol

五、写作模板（优缺对比）Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)（作文主题）.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin（题目议题）.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,(优点一).Andsecondly（优点二）.Justasapopularsayinggoes,“everycoinhastwosides”,(讨论议题)isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,(缺点一).Inaddition,(缺点二).Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof(讨论议题)intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe(讨论议题)关于：Shouldsmokingbebanned?写一篇议论文优点缺点smoking1.taxoncigarettes2.makepeoplerefreshed3……..Banning1.goodtohealthsmoking2.savemoney3…….1.harmfultohealth2.costmoneytotreatdiseases3.wastemoneytobuycigarettes4…….1.Losemoneyfromtaxoncigarettes2.Manypeoplewilllosejobs.3.feelbadwithoutit典型错误：1.Therearemanypeopledieofsmoking.Government论据不充分时态混乱条理不清，段落不分范文一：Shouldsmokingbebanned?Shouldsmokingbebanned?Theanswertothisquestionvariesgreatly.Somepeopleareinfavoroftheideaofsmoking.Theyalwayssaythatitcangetridofthetirednessandmakethemrefreshed.Andtheyalsosaythatgivingandbeinggivencigarettesisasignoffriendship.Therefore,theycarrycigaretteswiththemwherevertheygo.Butotherpeopleconsideritveryharmfultopeople’shealth.Theyhaveheardtheofficialreportsthatonepersonintheworlddiesfromsmokingeverysecond.Andtheyhaveheardthedoctors’warningthatsmokersaremorelikelytohavelungcancerandincreasetheirchancesofhavingheartattack.Inaddition,smokingpollutestheairandmaycausefireaccidents.Thusithasbecomeamajorthreattopeople’slifeandproperty.Thereissometruthinbotharguments.Inmyopinion,human’slifeandpropertyoutweighsanythingelse.Ifsmokingbringsusillnessanddeath,whynothaveitbannedbythegovernment?Withoutcigarettes,can’twecomeupwithbetterwaytoexpressourfriendshipandtomakeusrefreshed?范文二：Shouldsmokingbebanned?TobaccowasintroducedtoEuropeafterthediscoveryofAmerica.Fromthenon,moreandmorepeoplebecomesmokers.Peoplearealsoarguingwhethersmokingshouldbebanned.Generally,theadvantagesanddisadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.Ononehand,therearemanyadvantagesofbanningsmoking.Tobeginwith,smokingisharmfultohealth.Manypeopledieofsmokingorpassivesmoking,whichcanworsenlungdiseases.Abanonsmoking,however,ishelpfultostopsmoking.Inaddition,itcostsalotofmoneytotreatsmokerswhogetdiseasesbecauseofsmoking,suchasheartdiseaseorlungcancer.Forfamilies,ifabanonsmokingwerecarriedout,theywouldavoidsufferingtoomucheconomicdifficulty.Ontheotherhand,iftheybannedsmoking,thegovernmentwouldlosealotofmoneyfromtaxesoncigarettes.What’smore,farmerswhoplanttobaccotomakealivingwouldbepoorifsmokingwerebanned.Sowenaturallycometotheconclusionthatitisdifficulttosaywhetheritisgoodtobansmoking.提高英语写作分数的88个词组1.经济的快速发展therapiddevelopmentofeconomy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/steadygrowthofpeople’slivingstandard3.先进的科学技术advancedscienceandtechnology4.面临新的机遇和挑战befacedwithnewopportunitiesandchallenges5.人们普遍认为Itiscommonlybelieved/recognizedthat…6.社会发展的必然结果theinevitableresultofsocialdevelopment7.引起了广泛的公众关注arousewidepublicconcern/drawpublicattention8.不可否认Itisundeniablethat…/Thereisnodenyingthat…9.热烈的讨论/争论aheateddiscussion/debate10.有争议性的问题acontroversialissue11.完全不同的观点atotallydifferentargument12.一些人…而另外一些人…Somepeople…whileothers…13.就我而言/就个人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally,14.就…达到绝对的一致reachanabsoluteconsensuson…15.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons16.双方的论点argumentonbothsides17.发挥着日益重要的作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…18.对…必不可少beindispensableto…19.正如谚语所说Astheproverbgoes:20.…也不例外…benoexception21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/negativeeffectson…22.利远远大于弊theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages。23.导致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin24.复杂的社会现象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon25.责任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/senseofachievement26.竞争与合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation27.开阔眼界widenone’shorizon/broadenone’svision28.学习知识和技能acquireknowledgeandskills29.经济/心理负担financialburden/psychologicalburden30.考虑到诸多因素takemanyfactorsintoaccount/consideration31.从另一个角度fromanotherperspective32.做出共同努力makejointefforts33.对…有益bebeneficial/conduciveto…34.为社会做贡献makecontributionstothesociety35.打下坚实的基础layasolidfoundationfor…36.综合素质comprehensivequality37.无可非议blameless/beyondreproach39.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…40.应当承认Admittedly,41.不可推卸的义务unshakableduty42.满足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof…43.可靠的信息源areliablesourceofi