高中英语阅读之推理判断题的解题技巧

PAGEPAGE4高考阅读理解专题：推理判断题的解题技巧推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题:一.推断隐含意义或深层意义1.这类题干中通常含有learn(),infer(),suggest(),imply(),conclude（）,indicate()等标志性词语,常见的提问方式有：1)．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________．2).Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________．3)．Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______．4)．Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________．5)．Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________2.解题技巧①针对细节推断:在原文中找到相关的信息源对具体内容分析--推理判断得出结论实例1：Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled“thedeathwatchbeetle."1.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatthesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.②针对主题思想:以主题为核心分析逻辑关系得出结论实例2：IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoaccumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn’thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.B.ChildrenshouldbeforbiddentowatchTV.C.TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms.D.Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone.二、推断作者观点或态度

1.题干中通常含有attitude,view,opinion,,intheauthor’sopinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式:1)．Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against______．2)．Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________．3)．What'stheauthor'sopinionabout...?4)．Intheauthor'sopinion...?2.解题技巧注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。如overestimate(高估),luckily,unexpectedly,pity,certain等。表达作者态度和观点的形容词常有：objective（），subjective（)，neutral（）；positive（）negative（）approval（），disapproval（），ironic（）indifferent（），critical（），cautious（）optimistic（），pessimistic（）等。3.实例3：Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform三.推断文段作用或作者写作意图1.提问方式:1)．Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________．2)．Thepassageismeantto________．3)．Theauthor'spurposeistoshow________．4)．Thepurposeofthearticleisto________．2.解题技巧①不同的文段在全文中可能会起到：引言/介绍（introduction），举例(example)，对比(comparison)，反衬（contrast）,结论（conclusion）,评论（comment）,背景（background）,论证（demonstration）等作用。②作者的写作目的通常有娱乐读者、说服读者接受某种观点和告知读者某些信息三种。解答此类题时主要有两种方法：1．主旨推断法：写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题，因此可根据主旨推断作者的写作目的。2．文体推断法：根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的。如记叙文，特别是个人的有趣经历或幽默故事类的文章，其目的是娱乐读者；夹叙夹议的文章，其目的是让读者得到某种启示或教育；广告和议论文的目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普说明文或新闻报告，其目的是告知读者某些信息。3.实例4：“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.

1B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor’simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem6.Coldweathercanbehardonpets，justlikeitcanbehardonpeople.Sometimesownersforgetthattheirpetsarejustasusedtothewarmshelter(住所)astheyare.Someownerswillleavetheiranimalsoutsideforalongperiodoftime，thinkingthatallanimalsareusedtolivingoutdoors.Thiscanputtheirpetsindangerofseriousillness.Therearethingsyoucandotokeepyouranimalwarmandsafe.Keepyourpetsinsideasmuchasyoucanwhentheweatherisbad.Ifyouhavetotakethemout，stayoutsidewiththem.Whenyou'recoldenoughtogoinside，theyprobablyaretoo.Ifyoumustleavethemoutsideforalongtime，makesuretheyhaveawarm，solidshelteragainstthewind，thickbedding，andplentyofnonfrozenwater.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosolveaproblem. B．Togivepracticaladvice.C．Totellaninterestingstory. D．Topresentaresearchresult.7.Itisnotjustunkindbutalsodangeroustosayafour-hourlyfeedingschedulewillmakeababysatisfied.ThefirstoftheexpertstoadvocateastrictclockwatchingschedulewasDr.FredericTrubyKingwhowasagainstfeedinginthenight.I'veneverheardanythingsoridiculous.Babyfeedingshouldn'tfollowatimetablesetbythemum.Whatisimportantisfeedingababyinthebestway，thoughitmaycausesomeinconvenienceinthefirstfewweeks.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutDr.FredericTrubyKing?A．Heisstrict. B．Heisunkind.C．Hehasthewrongidea. D．Hesetsatimetableformothers.8.Thepositionwasofferedatthelastminute，andIwasgiventwoweekstoprepare，aperiodIspentsearchingforbriefcase(公文包)andstandingbeforemyfull-lengthmirror，repeatingthewords，“Hello，class.I'mMr.Davis.”SometimesIwouldgivemyselfanaggressivevoice.SometimesIwouldsoundexperienced.Butwhenthedayeventuallycame，mynerveskickedinandthetrueMr.Daviswasthere.Isoundednotlikeathoughtf