Unit+1+Words+and+Expressions+单词高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

PeopleofAchievementwordsandexpressionsUNIT1PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTTrytobecomenotamanofsuccess,buttryrathertobecomeamanofvalue.—AlbertEinstein努力不是为了功成名就，而是为了成为有价值的人。——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦PART1WordguessingphysiologyartemisininmalariacrucialobjectivebotanicalfleepropertyboilliquidrelativitypatentfleePART2KeywordsandExpressionsphysiology/ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi/n.生理学；生理机能

NobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine化学物理学和平奖生理\医学文学physicn.药剂;医术;医学v.给…用药;治愈physicaladj.物质的;身体的mentaladj.精神的；脑力的

physiciann.内科医师2.crucial

adj.

至关重要的；关键性的同：vital,significant,important

crucially

adv.

关键地；至关重要地

becrucialto/for

对...是至关重要的

playacrucialrole/partin...在...中扮演重要角色

Itiscrucialthat...(should)do

...是至关重要的①Itiscrucialthattheproblem__________________immediately.关键是要马上处理这一问题。②Thesupportofourfans______________ourwinningtheSuperCup.球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。(should)besolvediscrucialto/for3.malaria /məˈleəriə/ n. 疟疾get

developcatchsufferfrom

malaria患病

disease/illness疾病

4.vital

adj.必不可少的;极其重要的

vitally

adv.

极其;紧要地bevitalto/for

对…极重要

Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是很重要的

Itisvitalthat…(should)do…是极重要的(虚拟,should可省)①Perseverance_________success.毅力对成功是至关重要的.②Itisvitalthathumanbeings____________therulesofnature.重要的是人类应该服从大自然的规则。isvitalto(should)obey5.

commit

vt.承诺;保证vi.忠于;投入

commitmurder/amistake谋杀/犯错误

committosb./sth忠于…

commit...to...投入...到...commitoneself

to

do/doingsth.承诺/保证做某事

committedadj.尽力的;坚定的becommitted

to(doing)sth.承诺/致力(做)某事

commitment

n.承诺；献身；奉献

makeacommitmenttodo/doingsth.承诺做某事committed-committed-committing单句语法填空1)Doinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirable___________（commit）.2)Hequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument，andwas___________（commit）topracticingit.3)Hehascommittedhimself___________

thecauseofeducation.commitment

空前有an，所以应该填名词。committed

to6.objective①adj.客观的----__________adj.主观的②n.

目标；目的

同：_______________meet/achieveone’sobjectives达到/实现某人的目标setanobjectiveforsb./sth.为...确定目标withtheobjective/aim/goalof…以…为目标

objectn.物体；宾语

vi.不同意;反对objectto

doingsth

反对做某事

objectionn.反对，异议

goal/aim/target

subjective

7.evaluatevt.评价；评估evaluatesbon/by...根据...评估...evaluationn.评估；估算makeanevaluationof对...做评估Afterwards,they_______________________thehealthcaresystem.后来，他们对医疗保健制度进行了评价。makeanevaluationof8.distinct

adj.清晰的;有区别的

bedistinct/differentfrom...与...不同

Itisdistinctthat...很明显...distinctive

adj.（特征、外表）独特的，特别的distinctionn.区别,差别;优秀,卓越awriterofdistinction优秀作家make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandB区别对待A和Bdistinguish

v.区分；分清

①Thelearningneedsofthetwogroups_____________eachother.这两个组的学习需求是有区别的。②Philosophersuseto_______________betweenartsandscience.哲学家过去常常把人文科学与自然科学区别开来。③Thehanfu(汉服)isafemaledresswith____________Chinesefeatures.aredistinctfrommakeadistinctiondistinctive9.extractn.提取物;摘录

vt.提取;摘录;(用力)拔出extractedfrom选自...;从...选取【即学活用】语法填空(1)Languageteachersoftenextractexamples_________grammarbooks.(2)LiShizhendiscoveredavarietyofherbswhose_______(extract)cancurecertaindiseases.fromextracts________________water10.boil/bɒɪl/ ①vt.&vi.(使）沸腾；煮开；烧开

区分：boiledwater

boilingwater

②vi.发怒；发火eg:Hisrudenessmadeher

boilwithanger(满腔怒火）.boilingAwatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了热豆腐

solid固体

gas气体Theglassisfullof____________.liquid11.liquid/ˈlɪkwɪd/n.液体adj.液体的；液态的12.obtain

vt.(尤指经努力)获得;贏得=gain,get,acquire

vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行obtain...from/through...从...获得...obtainone’spermission得到某人许可obtainsb.

sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 给某人带来某物obtainmentn.取得obtainableadj.可获得的;可得到的1.Youshould__________________fromtheteacherbeforeyouleaveschool.2.Bothofthesebookscan___________(obtain)fromthelibrary.obtainthepermissionbeobtainedacknowledgementn.承认;感谢acknowledgesth./doing/havingdonesth.承认(做/做过)某事acknowledgethat…承认…acknowledge...as/tobe…承认...是/担任…Itisuniversally/generallyacknowledgedthat…公认...eg:It'sacknowledgedthatheisagoodman.acknowledgesb.with… 用…对...表示感谢13.acknowledge

vt.

①承认(属实、权威等)=admit②(公开)感谢练一练：1）TuYouyouisacknowledged______oneofthegreatestscientist.2）Withnoenoughevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge________(steal)thelady'spurse.3)Manyofthepoor_____________him______(承认...为)theirleader.tobestealingacknowledgedas14.defeat

n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜=beatabig/baddefeat大败anarrow/heavydefeat惜败/惨败suffer/accept/acknowledge(a)defeat遭受/接受/承认失败defeatsb.击败某人

eg:I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,but

itdefeatdme.我已经尝试去解决这个问题了，但它还是打败了我。Nomatterwhathappened,theyrefusedto______________.无论发生什么，他们拒绝承认失败。acknowledgedefeat辨析:

defeat/beat+某人或某个集体击败/打败…

win+game/match/race/election/prize【注意“赢某人”不能用win

sb.可用defeat/beatsb.】

winsb.sth.=winsth.forsb.为某人赢得某物【双宾语】defeat击败，强调过程和结果宾语是对手beat打败；(连续)击打宾语是对手win赢得；获胜宾语是game或prize等15.

apparentlyadv.显而易见;看来;显然

apparentadj.显而易见的；易懂的；表面上Itisapparentthat…显然...“显然”的表达还有：Itisclear/obvious/distinct/evidentthat...Clearly/Obviously/Distinctly/Evidently,...

16.insist

vi.&vt.坚持;坚决要求

insiston/upondoingsth.坚决要求做某事

insist+that从句时，有两种情况：

a.表示“坚持主张/强烈要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，从句用“should+动词原形”，should可省。

insist(that)...(should)do坚决要求;坚决主张

b.表示“坚持说/认为”时，从句用陈述语气,从句谓语按实际需要选择时态

insist(that)...坚持说;坚持认为(从句用陈述语气)

类似用法:

一坚持:insist二命令:order/command/三建议:advise/suggest/recommend四要求:desire/demand/request/require①Shewasstubbornandinsistedthatthework________________aheadofschedule.

她很固执，坚持要求工作要提前完成。

②Mysisterinsistedthat_____________.

我妹妹坚持说她是正确的。(should)befinishedshewasright17.scientificadj.科学(上)的;细致严谨的;科学的sciencen.科学scientistn.科学家18.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地=mostadj.大多数mainly

19.conclusionn.结论；推论；结束

makeaconclusion下结论draw/reach/cometo/arriveataconclusion得出结论inconclusion总之concludevt.推断出vi.结束；终止conclude...from...从…中推断出…conclude....with.../bydoing...以…结束…19.conclusionn.结论；推论；结束

“最后,总而言之”的其他表达：inawordinbrief

allinall

inshortonthewholeinclosing20.

fleeflee---_____---_____①Alltheanimalsfledfromthefire.

所有的动物都从火场逃离了②Whenthebombingstarted，thepopulationfledtosafeplaces.轰炸开始时，人们都逃到了安全地带。

fledfled从...逃离

逃至...fledaway逃离flee着重逃的动作,强调逃走时的急促或仓促。有时表示“破灭”escape强调逃跑的结果,即成功地跑掉了；有时用于引申义“逃避；躲避”。runaway多用于口语,含有“不辞而别”之意。辨析：21.circumstance

n.条件,情况;情形,形势in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下in/undernocircumstances绝不,无论如何都不(置于句首时,句子用部分倒装)eg:Under/Innocircumstancescanyougoout.

你绝对不可以出去。

21.circumstance

n.条件,情况;情形,形势【拓展】表示“绝不”,置于句首时,句子用部分倒装：innosense/wayatnotimeonnoaccount/conditionbynomeans22.foundvt.创建，创办;把…建立在

foundationn.基础

foundern.创办人，发起人

foundvt.建立=setup/establish动词过去式过去分词意思foundfoundedfounded成立findfoundfound发现、找到(1)ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawas_______(found)in1949.(2)Theyearof1949sawthe___________(found)ofthePeople’sRepublicof China.(3)Aftertheendofthecivilwar,thepoorboywasfinally_________(find)byhisfamily.foundedfoundationfound23.infer[ɪnˈfɜː(r)]vt.推断;推定infer-----referred----referredinferfrom从...推断inferencen.结论，推论refer,infer,prefer,occur,stir,star等要双写r后,再加ed/ing;offer,suffer不双写,直接加ed/ing24.politician从政者；政治家；政客politicaladj.政治的;政党的;对政治有兴趣的politicallyadv.政治上politicsn.政治;政治事务;政治观点表职业：musician(音乐家),clinician(临床医生),magician(魔术师)哪国人：Asian（亚洲人），Canadian（加拿大人），Australian（澳大利亚人），Indian印度人）25.theory[ˈθɪəri]:n.理论;学说putthetheoryintopractice:将理论付诸/用于实践intheory:理论上;按理说inpractice/reality/fact实践中/实际上/事实上theoristn.理论家theoreticaladj.理论上的theoreticallyadv.理论上theoryofrelativity相对论relativeadj.相对的；相关的

n.亲戚berelativeto相对于...;和...比较起来aclose/distantrelative近亲/远亲relativelyadv.比较而言；相对地relativelyspeaking相对来说

26.relativity/ˌreləˈtɪvəti/n.(物理)相对论；相对性27.geniusn.天才;天资;天赋pl:geniuses

辨析:genius,gift,talent1.genius程度最高,“最全面的天才”也指“有天才的人”ageniusat(doing)sth(做)...的天才2.gift侧重“天赋”3.talent侧重“才能”

haveagenius/gift/talentfor有…的才能

talentedadj.有才能的，天资高的betalented/giftedin在…有天赋28.passion

n.酷爱；激情developapassionfor

对...产生爱好；培养...的热情haveapassionfor(doing)sth酷爱(做)...withpassion充满激情地outofastrongpassionfor出于对...的热情

passionateadj.狂热的；热爱的；酷爱的bepassionateabout…对…狂热/酷爱28.passion

n.酷爱；激情①He________________music.他酷爱音乐。②Sheoftentakeshersontothegallery,tryingtohelphim______________________________.她经常带她儿子去画廊，试图帮助他培养艺术的爱好。hasapassionfordevelopapassionforart29.doctoraten.博士学位=doctor’sdegree博士学位bachelor'sdegree学士学位master'sdegree硕士学位take/receive/get/obtain/earna(one’s)doctorate(in...)

获得博士学位30.extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的extraordinarilyadv.格外，非常extra-表示“额外的，超过的”remarkableadj.非凡的;显著的anextraordinaryachievement卓越的成就atrulyextraordinarywoman.一位杰出的女性。It'sextraordinarythathemanagedtosleepthroughtheparty.真想不到他竟然从聚会开始一直睡到结束。31.cometopower

(开始)掌权;上台(可接时间点）powerfuladj.强有力的havethepowertodosth.有做某事的能力

beinpower执政;掌权(可接时间段）doall/everythinginone'spower竭尽全力做某事beyond/outofone'spower力所不能及cometoanend/anagreement/a(the)conclusion

结束/达成协议/得出结论Theparty_____________fouryearsago.=Theparty____________________forfouryears.

cametopowerhasbeeninpower(1)Couldyoutellmewhenthenewpresident_____________?你能告诉我新总统是什么时候上台的吗？(2)Shehadthepower___________(control)thesituation.。(3)Iamsorryit’s______________mypowertomakesuchadecision.对不起，我无权做此决定。(4)Thiskindofanimalshassome___________(power)teeth.tocontrolbeyond/outofpowerfulcametopower32.consequence

n.结果;后果;影响

consequent

adj.作为结果的;随之而来的

consequently

adv.

结果,因此asaconsequence=inconsequence/asaresult结果,因此asaconsequence/resultof=inconsequenceof因为...;由于…take/suffer/facetheconsequences(ofsth)承担…的后果1.Iamwillingto___________________.我愿意承担后果。2.Shewasovertheagelimitand,_____________________________,herapplicationwasrejected.超过了年龄限制，所以她的申请被拒绝了。taketheconsequenceinconsequence/asaconsequence(1)Thewarmingoftheearthandthe____________（consequence）climaticchangesaffectusall.地球变暖以及随之发生的气候变化影响着我们所有人。(2)agreatfire，thehousewascompletelydestroyed.由于一场大火，这个房子被完全烧毁了。(3)Mycarbrokedownand(consequent)Iwaslate.consequentlyAsaconsequenceof/Inconsequenceofconsequent33.takeupaposition

担任;任职搭配：outofposition 不在适当的位置inposition 在适当的位置翻译：他担任班长一职Hetakesuptheposition

asthemonitor.peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliə(r)/ adj.奇怪的；特别的takeup拿起；接受；开始从事；继续；占据[写出下列句子中takeup的汉语意思(1)Infact，surfingtheInternettakesupmostofhertime.____(2)Theteachertookupthelessonwhereheleftofflastweek.____(3)Peterwilltakeupthemanagementofthefinancedepartment.________占据继续开始从事

短语：takeoff

脱掉;起飞;休假;开始成功

takeon雇用;呈现

takeover

接管

takein收留;包括;理解;记住;欺骗

takedown

拆开;写下takeback收回(所说的错话)34.moustachebeard[bɪəd]n.胡须have/wear/growabeard/moustache

35.peculiarity[pɪˌkjuːliˈærəti]n.个性;特点;怪异的性质personalityn.性格;个性charactern.特点;特色;(汉)字;品格characteristic[,kærɪktəˈrɪstɪk]n.特点;特征;特色propertyn.(正式)特性;性质,所有物;财产;财物featuren.特色;特征;特点;特写，专题节目

v.以…为特色;由…主演;以…为主要组成;36.encounter

vt.偶然碰到;遇到n.邂逅;遭遇短语：encounterproblems/difficulties遇到问题/困难

haveanencounterwith与...相遇come/runacros