2021-2022学年湖北省京山市、安陆市等百校联考高三（上）月考英语试卷（10月份）（附答案详解）

2021-2022学年湖北省京山市、安陆市等百校联考高三（上）

月考英语试卷（10月份）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

SwimmingHolesinAmericaInAmerica,thesesecretswimmingholesarehiddenandhardto

reachbutwellworththeadventure.

CumminsFalls

LookingforthebestplacetoescapethesummerheatintheheartlandofAmerica?Formore

than100years,CumminsFalls,ascenic,75-footwaterfalllocatedinJacksonCounty,TN,has

beenatreasurefbrTennesseenatives.Butnow,thesecretisoutJAlthoughit'sabittoughtoget

to,onceinthepark,themountainsandriverprovideunmatchedbeautyonyourwaytotakinga

swiminTennessee*seighth-largestwaterfall.

SlidingRock

ApopularplacetocooloffduringthosehotNorthCarolinasummers,SlidingRockwaterfallis

locatedinthePisgahNationalForestinTransylvaniaCounty.Aflattenedrockabout60feetlies

inanearly7-foot-deeppoolatthebottom,makingthisnaturalwaterslideagreatplacetovisit

withpeopleofallages.

MooneyFalls

ItisthetallestwaterfeatureintheGrandCanyon,rising190feetabovethesurface.Namedafter

anexplorerinthe1800s,MooneyFallsisaccessibleonlybycrawling（爬）through2

undergroundpassagesandthenclimbingdownasheercliff（峭壁）facewithjustacoupleof

chainstoholdonto.Althoughitistoughtogetto,theviewandthecoolalonemakeitworththe

trip.

LihueEstate

AprivateswimmingholeattheoldLihueSugarFarmonKauai,HI,waschangedintoan

inner-tubewaterridebyKauaiBackcountryAdventuresin2003andopenedtoadults.The

watersforthis2.5-milejourney,whichcomefromnearthetopofMountWaialeale—oneofthe

wettestspotsintheworld-arechanneledthroughditches（沟渠）thatwerehand-dugbyfarm

workersoveracenturyago.

1.Whichholemaybethefavourabledestinationforfamilies?

A.LihueEstate.B.SlidingRock.

C.MooneyFalls.D.CumminsFalls.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutMooneyFallsfromthetext?

A.Itwasfoundbyanexplorer.

B.Itwashand-duginthe1800s.

C.Itisdangeroustoairivethere.

D.Itisthetallestfallintheworld.

3.WhatisspecialaboutLihueEstate?

A.Itisman-made.

B.Itisaprivatearea.

C.Itswaterisfromunderground.

D.ItliesonthetopofMountWaialeale.

B

Haveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimals,soitwouldbehardto

throw.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,"tothrowacamel"isa

wayofsaying"tomakeaspellingmistake".

Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrench

term.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythat

acceptstheideathatmanypeopleoutsideofFrancespeakthelanguage.Thelanguagehas

changedovertimeandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecin

Canada,comparedtohowitisinParis.

Anewonlinedictionary,calledtheFrenchspeakers'dictionary,includesnewFrenchwords

fromaroundtheworld.ltwasreleasedonMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrench

Speaker'sDayonMarch20.

SupporterssaythenewInternetdictionaryismoredemocraticthanearlierFrenchdictionaries

thatonlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.Thenewdictionaryincludes

unofficialwordslike"pourriel"，whichmeansanunwantedemailifyouareinCanada.ltisa

wordbasedon"courriel",whichjustmeansanemail.

FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronproposedtheideaofthedictionaryin2018.Itnow

containsabout600.000terms,RoselyneBachelotistheFrenchCultureMinister.Shesaidthe

dictionaryisnotjustforFrance's67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakers

worldwide.

第2页，共22页

Theaim,supporterssay,istorecognizethewaylanguagechanges.Wordsandexpressions

includedinthedictionarycomefromover50countries-evenfromtheUnitedStatesSome

peopleinthesouthernU.S.stateofLouisianaspeakFrench.

Peoplecanseethedictionaryonawebsiteorwithanapp.Userscanalsosendinnewwords

theythinkshouldbeincluded.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinParis

werefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.

4.Whatdowemeanifwesayaman"throwsacamel"inFrench?

A.Hetalksbig.B.Heisverystrong.

C.Hemakesajoke.D.Hemisspellsaword.

5.Whatisthepurposeofthepublicationdateofthenewonlinedictionary?

A.Tocelebrateanevent.B.Tohonorforeignusers.

C.Todrawmoreattention.D.Tomeetanurgentneed.

6.Wheredoestheword"pourriel”comefrom?

A.French.B.Anemail.C.Aholiday.D.Canada.

7.Whatcanpeopledowiththenewdictionary?

A.Updateitregularly.

B.Recommendnewwordstoit.

C.Changethemeaningofitswords.

D.Regarditasanofficialdictionary.

c

Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedto

survivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.

Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthat

warmerconditionsspedupthesharks*growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlier

andverytired.Thefindingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgive

birthtoliveyoung.

Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwater

temperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29

degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmest

temperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.Theyalsoshowed

reducedenergylevels.

Epaulettesharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotson

theirbodiesthatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.

OnestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofOceaniasharksandraysdroppedmore

than70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechange

andpollutionalsothreatenshark.

CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththe

ARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.She

wastheleadauthoroftheepaulettesharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,those

raisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.

Sheaddedthatifthesharksarebomsmallerthanusual"theyareprobablygoingtohavetostart

lookingforfoodsooner-andthey'regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.1'

Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementis

neededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.

8.Inwhataspectdothewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?

A.Theirfood.B.Theirbodyweight.

C.Theirlivinghabits.D.Theirmovingroute.

9.Howdidthescientistscarryouttheirstudy?

A.Bystudyingformerdata.

B.Bytrackingsharksinthewild.

C.Bycollectinginformationaboutclimatechange.

D.Bycomparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperatures.

10.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?

A.Theoriginofsharks'names.

B.Thesharks*appearance.

C.Thethreatstosharks*survival.

D.Thesharks'livingenvironment.

11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ScientistsRaiseSharkstoDealwithProblems

B.GlobalWarmingHasReducedSharkPopulations

C.BabySharksStruggletoSurviveinWarmingOceans

D.ScientistsAreStrugglingtoSaveSharksfromExtinction

D

第4页，共22页

Thermoelectricgenerators（热力发电机）turnwasteheatintoelectricitywithoutproducing

greenhousegasemissions,likeafreelunch.Butthehighcostofthesedeviceshasprevented

theirwidespreaduse.Now,researchershavefoundawaytomakecheapthermoelectricsthat

workjustaswell.Theworkcouldpavethewayforgreenercarengines,andother

energy-generatingdevices.

"Thislookslikeaverysmartwaytorealizehighperformance,"saysLi-DongZhao,amaterials

scientist.Henotestherearestillafewmorestepsbeforethesematerialscanbecome

high-performing.However,hesays,"Thiswillbeusedinthenottoofarfuture.'*

Thermoelectricsaresemiconductordevicesplacedonahotsurface.Thatgivesthemahotside

andacoolside.Ifadeviceallowsthehotsidetowarmupthecoolside,theelectricitystops

flowing.Adevice'ssuccessatpreventingthis,aswellasitsabilitytoconductelectrons,feeds

intoascoreknownasthefigureofmerit（优值系数），orZT.

ResearchershaveproducedthermoelectricmaterialswithincreasingZTs.Therecordcamein

2014whenMercouriKanatzidiscameupwithatinselenide（硒化物）withaZTof3.1.Yetthe

materialwastoofragiletoworkwith."Forpracticalapplications,it'sanon-star-ter,"Kanatzidis

says.

Gettingthroughthatdoorwillstilltakesometime.Thetinselenidetheteammakesismixed

withNa,creatinga"p-type"materialthatconductspositivecharges.Tomakeworking

devices,researchersalsoneedanHn-typenversiontoconductnegativecharges.

Zhao'steamisnowworkingonmakingann-typeversion.Oncesuccessful,researchersshould

haveaclearpathtomakinganewgenerationofsuper-efficientthermoelectric

generators.Thosecouldbeinstalledeverywherefromautomobileexhaustpipestowater

heatersandindustrialsmelterstoscavengesomeofthe65%offossilfuelenergythatwindsup

aswasteheat.

12.Thefirstparagraphwantstotellus.

A.Thewideuseofthermoelectricgenerators

B.Thedevicesofcurrentthermoelectricgenerators

C.Thereasonwhyresearchersmakecheapthermoelectrics

D.Thegreenercarenginesthatcontributetoenvironmentalprotection

13.HowdoesLi-DongZhaofeelaboutcheapthermoelectricgenerators?

A.Indifferent.B.Optimistic.C.Critical.D.Worried.

14.Whatdoyouknowabouttheresearchin2014fromparagraph4and5?

A.Itwasfarfromasuccessforpracticalapplications.

B.AtinselenidewithaZTof3.1canbeeasytoworkwith.

C.Researchersmadean''n-type**versiontomakeworkingdevices.

D.A"p-type"materialmadefromthetinselenideconductsnegativecharges.

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scavenge”inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Recycle.B.Produce.C.Clean.D.Increase.

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

SignsYouMightBeDehydrated(脱水的)Dehydrationisabigprobleminthesummer

months.Unfortunately,knowingwhenyoubegintodehydrateisn'talwayseasy.So,assummer

heatsup,hereareafewsecretsignsthatyouneedtodrinkassoonaspossible.

Yourbreathsmellsoryourmouthisdry.Thereisapotentialrelationshipthatlinksdehydration

andlessthan-pleasantbreath.Whenyou'redehydrated,youdon'tproduceasmuchsalivaC唾液).

(1)Soifyounoticeyourbreathisalittlesmelly,itcouldbearedflagthatyouneedtodrinka

glassortwoofH2O.

(2)Dehydrationcanactuallytemporarilyshrinkbraintissue,andthatshrinkagemaycause

pain.Suchpainisareallycommonsignofslighttomiddledehydration,anditcanbeeither

tolerableorserious.

Yourpee(尿液)isdark.Onewayhealthprofessionalsdiagnosedehydrationisbytestinga

patienfspeetoseeififstooconcentrated.Butitcanalsohelptodoaneasycheckat

home.Simplylookatthecolorofyourpee.Ifit'spaleyellow,you'rehydrated.Ifit'sadarker

yellow,ifstimeforaglassofwater.(3)

You'rehungry.Thirstandhungersignsalwayscometogether.(4)Soifyoufindthatyou're

feelinghungrysoonaftereating,ifsworthconsideringwhethertherealreasonisthirst.

(5)Stavinghydratedisareallykeypartofmaintainingenergythroughouttheday.Notgetting

enoughwatertosupportthebodytodotheirfunctionscanmakeyoufeellikeyou're

dragging.Plus,hydrationcanhaveadirecteffectonsleepquality.

A.YouYetired.

B.Youhaveaheadache.

C.Youfeellikeyouhaveasummer"flu".

D.Whilethisisn'taguarantee,itcouldbeasign.

E.Theyarebothproducedinthesameregionofyourbrain.

第6页，共22页

F.Theliquidhelpsbreakdownfoodandbringsitfromyourmouth.

G.Ingeneral,themoreyoudrink,thecleareryourliquidwasteshouldbe.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

Sevenyearsearlier,!stoodatthegoldengateofretirement.AsI(21)whatIwoulddonext,!

recalledavolunteerrolecalled"babycuddler"intheNICUatoneofthelocalhospitals.Ihad

long(22)tobeonebutjustneverhadthetime.Ihadalwayslovedthe(23)environment,bothin

workandvolunteersettings.WantingtobeanursewhenIwasyoungerbutneverrealizingthe

dreamonlyhelpedfuelmy(24).

Asabrand-newvolunteer,!startedoutalittleonthe(25)side,anditshowed.Myfirstday(26),

Iforgotwherethesinkswereforhandwashing-andIwalkedrightpastthem.IfababyIheld

cried,!wouldjustrockfaster.I(27)everynurseryrhymeIcouldremember,andthe

babies(28)mebycryinglouder.

Ithoughtbarktomyearliestbaby-holdingdayswhenIwasonlysixyearsoldand(29)myfirst

littlenephew.Iwasexcitedtobetrusted.Byagetwenty,!hadnineniecesandnephews.Pvehad

alotof(30)inholdingbabies.Anditseemedto(31).Thebabymightsensemy

confidence,quickly(32)andfellasleep.

Gonearemynerve-filled,(33)daysasanewvolunteer.Iamnowfrequentlyaskedtohaveanew

volunteershadowmeasIwork.IamhappytoshareallIhavelearned.!openlysharemy(34),

hopingthemnottodowhatIdid.AndIalsosharethejoys,tellingthemthisistheperfect

volunteerjobforme.I(35)lovevolunteeringhere!

21.A.realizedB.wonderedC.concludedD.doubted

22.A.hatedB.demandedC.desiredD.feared

23.A.educationB.growthC.healthcareD.production

24.A.ambitionB.kindnessC.prideD.enthusiasm

25.A.curiousB.romanticC.nervousD.patient

26.A.ondutyB.atpresentC.inhospitalD.online

27.A.wroteB.sangC.recordedD.taught

28.A.remindedB.rewardedC.supportedD.urged

29.A.heldB.raisedC.protectedD.trained

30.A.serviceB.dataC.experienceD.belief

31.A.failB.beginC.happenD.work

32.A.gaveupB.turnedaroundC.keptonD.settleddown

33.A.comfortableB.forgetfulC.relaxingD.peaceful

34.A.shortcomingsB.adventuresC.intentionsD.expectations

35.A.initiallyB.randomlyC.constantlyD.absolutely

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.MichaelCollins,theApollo11commandmodule(舱)pilotandfirstastronaut(1)

(travel)thefarsideofthemoonalone,hasdiedofcancerattheageof90.

"Todaythenationlostatruepioneerandlifelongadvocatefor(2)(explore)in

astronautics/'NASAAdministratorSteveJurczyksaidinastatementpublishedon

Wednesday.HAsthepilotoftheApollo11commandmodule一somecalledhim'the

loneliestmaninhisstory1-whilehis(3)(colleague)walkedonthemoonfor

thefirsttime,hehelpedournationachieveadefinitemilestone.',

Onthatfamousmission,Collinsworkedaloneinthecommandmodule“Columbia”for

21.5hours,during(4)themodulefloatedbehindthemoon,Spreviously

reported.Inthelastmomentsbeforehetemporarilylostcontact(5)Mission

ControlCentre,hewrote,"Iamalonenow,trulyalone,andabsolutelyisolatedfromany

knownlife.Iamit.Ifacountweretaken,thescorewouldbe3billiononearthplustwoover

ontheothersideofthemoon,andonewhoknowswhat'sonthisside.'*Hence,Collins(6)

(earn)thenickname"loneliestmaninhistory1'.He'salsobeencalledthe''forgotten

astronaut',sincehewasontheApollo11mission(7)neverwalkedonthemoon

asNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrindidthatday,NPRreported.

RegardingCollins'passing,hisfamilysaid,"Hespenthisfinaldays(8)(peaceful),

withhisfamilybyhisside,"accordingtotheNASAstatement.HPleasejoin(9)

第8页，共22页

(we)infondlyandjoyfullyrememberinghissharpintelligence,hisquietsenseof

purpose,andhiswiseinsight,gainedbothfromlookingbackatEarthfromthebestposition

ofspaceand(10)(stare)acrosscalmwatersfromthedeckofhisfishingboat,"

theywrote.

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.假定你是李华,你的美国网友Peter对"中国成人礼(Chinesecoming-of-ageceremony)

”很感兴趣。请用英语给他写一封信，以中国传统的“冠笄之礼”为例向他做一个简

要介绍，内容包括：

1.在18岁，中国男孩要行“冠礼GuanLi"，女孩行“笄礼JiLi”；

2."冠笄之礼"上，青少年要宣誓爱国家，爱人民，爱家人；

3.通过仪式，青少年感悟中国传统文化，提升个人精神素养。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearPeter,

Ithinkthecomingofagedependsentirelyonwherechildrenliveandwhatculturethey

growupin_.

LookingforwardtoyourletteraboutthecomingofageoftheUnitedStates.

Yours,

LiHua

38.阅读下面材料.，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Igrewupinalargefamilyoftwelvesiblings(兄弟姐妹).Weweren'tpoorbymost

standards,butthingsweredefinitelytightforus.Myparentsneversharedtheirfinancial

worries.Instead,theychosetoletushaveacarefreechildhood.Butdespitetheir

consideration,!knew,aschildrenoftendo,thatthereweretimestheywentwithoutandthat

certainthingsmyfriendshadwouldn'tbeavailabletome.

Backinthosedays,hotlunchwasaluxuryforthewealthierkids,andhot-lunchbuyerssat

separatelyfromthestudentswhobroughtcoldlunch.MysiblingsandIbroughtlunch

fromhomeeveryday：thickslicesofhomemadebreadhidingonescantsliceof

bologna,threeoatmealcookies,andasmallapple.Wewouldlookonlonginglyastherich

kidsproudlysatdownwiththeirsteamingplatesoffriedchickenorfishsticksandpotato

puffs,cartonsofcoldmilk,chilledpeachesandasliceofcake.

Ineversaidanything,butmyfirstgradeteacher,Mrs.Caruso,musthaveseenthedesirein

myeyes.Onedayshequietlypressedanoteintomyhandandwhispered,"Givethisto

yourmother.1'

Iskippedhomeandgavemymomthenote.Shereaditandsmiled."Well,Mrs.Carusosaid

becauseofallyourhardwork,shewantstobuyyourlunchtomorrow."Thenextday,I

proudlyearnedmytrayofchickenfricasseeacrossthecafeteriaandtookmyseatatthe

hot-lunchtable.Honestly,thefoodwasn'tasgreatasIhadimagined,butIwaspleasedtobe

thereandfelthonoredtobeapartofthegroup.

Onerainyday,Mrs.Carusoaskedmetostayafterschool.Mystomachinstantlydroppedto

thefloor.Surely,!mustbeintroubie!DidsheknowIhadn'tfinishedmymathsheet?Did

sheseemeteasingBillyontheplayground?

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Aftertheotherstudentshadleft,Mrs,Carusosaidshewasgoingtofinishherworkand

thendrivemehome..

Idon'tknowwhyMrs.Carusohelpedmyfamily..

第10页，共22页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A

【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"Aflattenedrockabout60feetliesinanearly

7-foot-deeppoolatthebottom,makingthisnaturalwaterslideagreatplacetovisitwithpeople

ofallages（底部有一个近7英尺深的水池，里面有一块大约60英尺高的扁平岩石，这

使得这个天然的滑水道成为各个年龄段的人游玩的好地方）"可知，SlidingRock适合各

个年龄段的人游玩。一个家庭中可能有不同年龄段的人，所以SlidingRock比较适合家

庭。故选B。

（2）C.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Namedafteranexplorerinthe1800s,MooneyFallsis

accessibleonlybycrawling（爬）through2undergroundpassagesandthenclimbingdowna

sheercliff（峭壁）facewithjustacoupleofchainstoholdonto.,•,itistoughtogetto（穆

尼瀑布以19世纪一位探险家的名字命名，要进入穆尼瀑布，只能爬过2个地下通道，

然后沿着陡峭的悬崖面爬下去，只能抓住几根铁链。很难到达那里）“可知，到达穆尼

瀑布很难，要沿着陡峭的悬崖面爬下去，只有几根铁链可以抓。由此推之，到达那里是

存在一定危险的。故选C。

（3）A.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"AprivateswimmingholeattheoldLihueSugar

FarmonKauai.HI,waschangedintoaninner-tubewaterridebyKauaiBackcountry

Adventuresin2003andopenedtoadults.Thewatersforthis2.5-milejourney,whichcome

fromnearthetopofMountWaialeale—oneofthewettestspotsintheworld-arechanneled

throughditches（沟渠）thatwerehand-dugbyfarmworkersoveracenluryago（2003年，

在夏威夷考艾岛的老利休糖厂，一个私人游泳池被考艾岛野外探险公司改成了一个内管

式水上游乐设施，并对成年人开放。在这段2.5英里的旅程中，水来自世界上最潮湿的

地方之一怀亚利尔山的山顶附近，通过一个多世纪前农场工人手工挖掘的沟渠引水）”

可知，LihueEstate是经过人工建造而成的，不是自然形成的。而其他三个地方均为提

及这一点。故这是LihueEstate特别的地方。故选A。

这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国的四个秘密游泳洞。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

4.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】B

【解析】(1)D.细节理解题。根据第一段ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublic

oftheCongo,"tothrowacamel"isawayofsaying"tomakeaspellingmistake",但在讲法语

的刚果民主共和国，“扔骆驼"的意思是"犯拼写错误”。可知，如果我们用法语说一个人”

扔骆驼”意思是他拼错了一个单词。故选D。

(2)A.推理判断题。根据第三段Anewonlinedictionary,calledtheFrenchspeakers'

dictionary,includesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.ltwasreleasedonMarch

18—justintimeforInternationalFrenchSpeaker'sDayonMarch20.—■个新的在线词典叫做

讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。它于3月18日发布，正好赶上3

月20日的国际法语演讲者日。可知，新在线词典出版日期的目的是庆祝一个事件。故

选A,

(3)D.推理判断题。根据第四段Thenewdictionaryincludesunofficialwordslike"pourriel",

whichmeansanunwantedemailifyouareinCanada.新词典收录了一些非官方词汇，比如

"pourriel",在加拿大意思是收到不想要的电子邮件。可知，"pourriel”来自加拿大。故选

Do

(4)B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Peoplecanseethedictionaryonawebsiteorwithan

app.Userscanalsosendinnewwordstheythinkshouldbeincluded.人们可以在网站上或应

用程序上看到该词典。用户还可以输入他们认为应该收录的新词。可知，人们可以给新

字典推荐新单词。故选B。

本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，主要讲述的是一个新的在线词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录

了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

8.【答案】

第12页，共22页

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】C【小题4】C

【解析】(1)B.细节理解题。根据第一Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingborn

smallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimate

change.科学家们表示，由于气候变化导致海洋变暖，小鲨鱼在出生时可能会变得更小，

而且没有生存所需的能量。可知，温暖的环境影响了小鲨鱼的体重。故选B。

(2)D.推理判断题。根据第三段Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaverage

summerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhigher

temperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharks

raisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaverage

temperatures.Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.科学家们研究了27种鲨鱼。一些地

区夏季平均水温升高，约为27摄氏度。还有一些是在29摄氏度和31摄氏度的高温下

被抚养的。他们发现，在最高温度下生长的鲨鱼比在平均温度下生长的鲨鱼体重要轻得

多。他们的能量水平也降低了。可知，科学家们通过比较不同温度水域中的鲨鱼来进行

他们的研究。故选D。

(3)C.段落大意题。根据第五段Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersof

oceaniesharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisa

mainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatenshark.今年的一项研究发现，

从1970年到2018年，大洋鲨和鲍鱼的全球数量下降了70%以上。过度捕捞是一个主要

问题，而气候变化和污染也威胁着鲨鱼。可知，第五段主要讲的是鲨鱼生存的威胁。故

选Co

(4)C.标题归纳题。根据第一段Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmaller

andwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.

科学家们表示，由于气候变化导致海洋变暖，小鲨鱼在出生时可能会变得更小，而且没

有生存所需的能量；以及最后一段Sheaddedthatifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual

"theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner-andthey'regoingtohave

lesstimetoadjusttotheirsun*oundings."Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtoocean

governingagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.她补

充说，如果鲨鱼出生时比平时小，”它们可能不得不更快地开始寻找食物，而它们适应

周围环境的时间也会更少。”这项研究应该作为对海洋管理机构的一个警告，需要谨慎

的管理，以防止更多的鲨鱼的损失。文章主要说明了鲨鱼幼崽受到全球气候变化的影响，

在出生时可能会变得更小，导致它们不够强壮，无法在野外长时间生存。文章介绍了研

究开展的过程，说明了鲨鱼生存的威胁等情况。可知，C选项”小鲨鱼在变暖的海洋中

挣扎着生存”最符合文章标题。故选C。

本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，主要说明了鲨鱼幼崽受到全球气候变化的影响，在出生时

可能会变得更小，导致它们不够强壮，无法在野外长时间生存。文章介绍了研究开展的

过程，说明了鲨鱼生存的威胁等情况。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

12.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4]A

【解析】（1）C.主旨大意题。由第一段"Thermoelecricgenerators（热力发电机）turm

wasteheatintoelectricitywithoutproducinggreenhousegasemissions,likeafreelunch.But

thehighcostofthesedeviceshaspreventedtheirwidespreaduse.Now,rsearchershavefounda

waytomakecheapthermoelectricsthatworkjustaswell.Theworkcouldpavethewayfor

greenercarengines,andotherenergy-generatingdevices.（热力发电机将废热转化为电能

而不会产生温室气体排放，就像免费午餐-样。但这些设备的高成本阻碍了它们的广泛

应用。现在，研究人员已经找到了一种制造廉价热电材料的方法，这种热电材料也同样

有效。这项工作可以为更环保的汽车发动机和其他能源发电设备铺平道路。）"可知，

热力发电机设备的高成本阻碍了它们的广泛应用，所以才会有制造廉价热电材料的出现,

可得出第一段主要讲研究人员制造廉价热电材料的原因。故选C项。

（2）B.推理判断题。由第二段"'Thislookslikeaverysmartwaytorealizehighperformance,,

saysLi-DongZhao,amaterialsscientist.Henotestherearestillafewmorestepsbeforethese

materialscanbecomehigh-performing.However,hesays,'Thiswillbeusedinthenottoofar

future」”（材料科学家李东钊说：”这看起来是实现高性能的一种非常聪明的方法。"他指

出，在这些材料成为高性能材料之前，还有几个步骤。然而，他说，"这将在不久的将

来使用。“）"”可知，