阅读理解之细节理解

阅读是获得更综合、更复杂、更精确信息的必要手段，考生在做阅读理解时，不仅要看懂文章的字面意思，还需要针对不同题材和体裁的篇目运用不同的方法作出正确的选择。一般来说，词汇、阅读速度和理解能力是阅读理解中三个最重要并且有相互联系的因素。第一页第二页，共36页。阅读的方法可以使用以下几种：

1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。

第二页第三页，共36页。1.带着问题阅读短文。2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。4.尽快选择答案。

在使用阅读技巧时

尽量做到以下几点：第三页第四页，共36页。第四页第五页，共36页。2016新课标卷II试题分析第五页第六页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageAElectricUnderground7.30pm－1.00amFreeattheCyclopsTheatreDoyouknowwho’splayinginyourarea?We’rebringingyouaneveningofliverockandpopmusicfromthebestlocalbands.Areyouinterestedinbecomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract(合同)?Ifso,comeearlytothetalkat7.30pmbyJulesSkye,asuccessfulrecordproducer.He’sgoingtotalkabouthowyoucanfindtherightpersontoproduceyourmusic.21.Whocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproduced?A.JulesSkye. B.GeeWhizz. C.CharlotteStone. D.JamesPickering.第六页第七页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageAGeeWhizz8.30pm-10.30pmComedyatKaleidoscopeComeandseeGeeWhizzperform.He’sthefunnieststand-upcomedianonthecomedyscene.Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest.GeeWhizzreallyknowshowtomakeyoulaugh!Ourbarisopenfrom7.00pmfordrinksandsnacks(快餐).22.Atwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh?A.TheCyclopsTheatre. B.Kaleidoscope.C.VictoriaStage. D.PizzaWorld.第七页第八页，共36页。Simon’sWorkshop5.00pm-7.30pmWednesdaysatVictoriaStageThisisagoodchanceforanyonewhowantstolearnhowtodocomedy.Theworkshoplooksateverykindofcomedy,andpracticesmanydifferentwaysofmakingpeoplelaugh.Simonisacomedianandactorwhohas10years’experienceofteachingcomedy.Hisworkshopsareexcitingandfun.AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.23.WhatdoweknowaboutSimon’sWorkshop?A.Itrequiresmembershipstatus.B.Itlaststhreehourseachtime.C.Itisrunbyacomedyclub. D.ItisheldeveryWednesday.ReadingComprehension—

PassageA第八页第九页，共36页。CharlotteStone8.00pm-11.00pmPizzaWorldFinefoodwithbeautifuljazzmusic;thisisagreateveningout.CharlotteStonewillperformsongsfromhernewbest-sellingCD,withJamesPickeringonthepiano.ThemenuisItalian,withexcellentmeatandfreshfish,pizzasandpasta(面食).Bookearlytogetatable.Ourbarisopenallday,andservescocktails,coffee,beer,andwhitewine.24.WhenwillCharlotteStone

performhersongs?A.5.00pm－7.30pm. B.7.30pm－1.00am.C.8.00pm－11.00pm.

D.8.30pm－10.30pmReadingComprehension—

PassageA第九页第十页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageA文章类型：应用文（信息量大、有个别不影响理解的生词）问题类型：细节信息提取答题技巧：首先判断文章体裁是否应用文（广告）阅读并确定题干中的关键词（答案出处）寻读（scanning）、未必逐字逐句阅读

注意题目数量（段落）和顺序（文中顺序）注意审题，切勿答非所问、保证满分正确利用技巧可以节省答题时间第十页第十一页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageBFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinker-toysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid:“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday－and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”25.TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto________.A.knowmoreaboutthestudents

B.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudents’interestinart D.teachthestudentsabouttoydesign第十一页第十二页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageDFrankHurley’spictureswouldbeoutstanding—undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism—iftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck(海滩),byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.33.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?A.Theyweremadelastweek. B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman. D.Theyrecordedadisastrousadventure.第十二页第十三页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—PassageDFromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled(雪橇)acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.34.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?A.FrankHurley. B.ErnestShackleton.C.RobertFalconScott. D.CarolineAlexander.第十三页第十四页，共36页。ReadingComprehension—

PassageDAswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.

…Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.35.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?A.Artisticcreation. B.Scientificresearch.C.Moneymaking. D.Treasurehunting.第十四页第十五页，共36页。1)Notlongago,mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdiet—nottolosealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestionaboutclimatechange.Q:Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?A.TotakespecialkindsoffoodB.Torespondtoclimatechange.C.ToloseweightD.Toimprovetheirhealth近义词because,dueto...todoPractice就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好第十五页第十六页，共36页。2)(2013湖北E篇)Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.Q:Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?A.Theywillearnlessmoney.B.Theywillbecomepessimistic.C.Theywillsuffermentalillness.D.Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.词性变化high/lowincome做细节题，或者是做阅读理解，即使是掌握了很多技巧，但是没有足够的词汇，要想得高分也是不容易的。所以最基本的还是多积累词汇，扩大词汇量。就近原则：不推比推的好，推得近的比推得远的好第十六页第十七页，共36页。3)LastnightIwasdrivingfromHarrisburgtoLewisburg，distanceofabouteightymiles.Itwaslate.SeveraltimesIgotstuckbehindaslow-movingtruckonanarrowroadwithasolidwhitelineonmyleft,andIbecameincreasinglyimpatient.Q:Whydidtheauthorgetimpatientwhiledriving?Hewaslonelyontheroad.Hewassloweddownbyatruck.Hegottiredofdrivingtoolong.D.Hecameacrosstoomanytrafficlights.语言简化/归纳总结patient,patience.第十七页第十八页，共36页。63. Whatmade“I”finallythinkofgettingacellphone?A.Beingstuckbythehighway. B.Beingurgedbyhisgrandkids.C.Beingpersuadedbycellphonealespersons.D.Beingattractedbythefriendlyreturnpolicy.Mykidshavebeenannoyingmeandthelaststrawwaswhenmycarbrokedown，andIwasstuckbythehighwayforanhourbeforesomeonestoppedtohelp.答非所问偷换概念答非所问第十八页第十九页，共36页。解题技巧与策略第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning)

浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading)

注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷阱”，学会“排除”干扰项。第十九页第二十页，共36页。细节题类型1wh细节题2是非题3排序题4图表题5计算题6其它题Questiontypes：第二十页第二十一页，共36页。Questiontype1:Wh-细节题即以_____、_____、____、______、______、_____、_____等疑问词开头提问短文具体内容。whatwhowhenwherehowwhy1.概念whichTypeⅠ第二十一页第二十二页，共36页。2Wh细节题常见的考题形式有：How/When/Whydidsomethinghappen?Whichofthefollowingshouldpeopledoit?Whereshouldsomebodydosomething?--Accordingtothetext/Fromthetext,why/when/where/how/what/who...?...第二十二页第二十三页，共36页。

(NewYork)AFrenchtouristhighlypraisedforrescuingatwo-year-oldgirlinManhattansaidhedidn’tthinktwicebeforedivingintothefreezingEastRiver.Tuesday’sDailyNewssaid29-year-oldJulienDuretfromFranceisthemanwholeftthespotquicklyaftertherescuelastSunday.HeliftedthelittlegirloutofwateraftershefelloffthebankattheSouthStreetSeaportmuseum.Hehandedthegirltoherfather,DavidAnderson,whohaddivedinafterhim.

Readingmaterial1

第二十三页第二十四页，共36页。Q:WhodivedafterDuretintotherivertosavethelittlegirl?

A.DavidAndersonB.Apasser-byC.HisgirlfriendD.Ataxidriver题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人，可以以dive为线索找到原文的Hehandedthegirltoherfather，DavidAnderson，whohaddivedinafterhim，故可知答案是DavidAnderson。1wh-细节题第二十四页第二十五页，共36页。1常见的设问方式：三对一错或三错一对1）Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?2)Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrue/falseexcept______.Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof...?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?Type2是非题第二十五页第二十六页，共36页。语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可痊愈。Readingmaterial2

第二十六页第二十七页，共36页。Readingmaterial2

Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.

Fever

isoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.第一段____________________________________________第二十七页第二十八页，共36页。QWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.Passage22010年广东高考阅读C篇以偏概全三正一误2是非题Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.第二十八页第二十九页，共36页。

Readingmaterial3

Thehumanbodyisalivingmachine,andlikeallmachines,itneedsfueltosupplyitwithenergy.Thatisthefoodweeat.Buthowmuchdoweneedtostayhealthy?Theenergyvalueoffoodisusuallymeasuredincalories.Acalorieistheamountofheatrequiredtoraisethetemperatureof1kgofwaterby1℃.Thenumberofcaloriespeopleneedperdayisdifferent,asthechartshows……CALORIESNEEDEDPERDAYBaby750Officeworker2,700Childaged82,100Womanfeedingbaby2,700Manover702,100Boyaged163,000Woman3,600Farmer2,600练习题第二十九页第三十页，共36页。

Q1)____caloriesarerequiredtoraisethetemperatureof5kgofwaterfrom35℃to90℃.

A.55B.175C.325D.275

Q2)WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothechartabove?A.

Achildaged8requiresmorethan3timesth