短文改错形容词副词解析及练习

短文改错专题（一）形容词和副词一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的语法作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。视觉成像以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。alanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh（2） 表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3） 用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（4） else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5） enough、修饰名词前置，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后（6）形容词变副词：①规则②例外：不规则变化（9个）goodprettymanysuchfastearlyenoughnoright（7）特殊形容词副词下列单词以Ty结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无Ty）和引申意（有Ty）的副词：deep深{wide宽广＜high高 low位置低deeply深入地widely广泛地highly高度地lowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对bedeadasleepdeadly非常bedeadlytiredpretty相当beprettycertainthat…prettily漂亮地beprettilydressedclose近Don'tsitclose・closely密切地Watchclosely!late晚、迟arrivelate,comelatelately最近Ihaven'tseenhimlately(recently)・hardhardly3、形容词和副词的比较等级(1)原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“notso(as)+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as”的结构。如：XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu・Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatoneMissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou・Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone・2)比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。如：Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.比较级构成视觉成像③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修饰。修饰比较级如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.Hefoundhegot2cmhigherthanoneyearbeforewhenhemeasuredhimselfyesterday.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuch___shewasgetting.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.theheaviest注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：SheisbetterthanshewasyesterdayPleasecomeearliertomorrow.比较级的特殊结构另注意：byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如：Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的，次的)、superior(较好的，优于)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在 之前)等。Heissuperiortoinchemistry・在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthanthat(或theone)onthedesk・Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood・倍数表达法。Aisthree(four，etc・)timesthesize(height，length，depth，width,size,weightetc.)ofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。Aisthree(four，etc・)timesasbig(high，long，etc・)asB・AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Aisthree(four，etc.)timesbigger(higher，longer，etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.⑨比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义---Whatdoyouthinkofherperformance---Shecouldn'tbehavebetter./Ihaven'tseensuchabetteronebefore.---Howdoyoulikethemovie---Itcan'tbe .ItissoboringA.goodB.badC.worseD.better最高级的用法。①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.HowmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcostHeisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.最高级完整结构：(7)重要的词语辨析(A)ago、before,ago表示以现在为起点的"以前"；before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前”用before而不用ago。(B)already、yet、still,already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。too、also、either,too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。good、well:与good不同的是，wel丨作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。本次课重点视觉成像课堂练习真题演练1.MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperieneebackintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.（10全国）2.IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.（12全国）Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.（2012陕西）WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.（2012重庆）Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.（201全4国）Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!（2014全国）7.Soreallyfriendshipshouldbeabletostandallsortsoftests.（2014全国大纲）Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.（2014陕西）Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaseriouslyproblem.（2015全国）Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.（2015全国丨）DadandIwereterribleworried.（2015全国丨丨）It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.（2015四川）丨couldeasyseethefootballfield.（2015浙江）Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.So丨decidetoaskherforhelp.（15陕西）丨thoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.（2015陕西）Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelainindustry.（2013全国丨丨）丨remembermygrandfatherverymuch.（2013全国丨）Whentheteacherasksusverydifficultyquestions,I'llthinkquicklyandstandtoanswer.（2013全国）Nang isaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.（2011全国卷1）20.Ifyou'dliketomakeatriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.（2011全国卷2）Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.（2016全国卷1）Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.（2016全国卷3）Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.（2016全国卷3）能力提升1.Foronereason,whatyouarestudyingisbadneedednowadaysinourcountry.2.Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!3.It,ofcourse,willbebeneficiallytoyourunderstandingoftheChineselanguage.Whenshedroppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.Unfortunate,theproblemwasthejourneyhome.Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,butmuchmoresupportitBettystoodcloselytoherteacherandwatchedcloselywhathewasdoing.I'llalsodoplentyofexercise,whichwon'tdomeanyharmtoo.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.Youwon'tbeabletogetanyfartherinformationuntiltomorrow.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingmoreharderandharder.Ifallthepeopledrivesuchcarsinthefuture,therewillbefewerpollutionintheair.HeknewsuchlittleFrenchthathecouldn'tmakehimselfunderstood.Somepeopleonlineshoppingismoreconvenientandthegoodsarecheap.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopening.Everyonetriedtheirbesttoreachthetopofthehillasfasterastheycould.ThismorningonmywaytoschoolIwasdeepmovedbywhatIsawoutsideabank.Theoldmancountedthemoneyagainandfoundthatnotasinglebillwasmissed.Somestudentsmaywonderwhy,astheythinkbeingateacherishardwhilethepayislittle.Insize,NewZealandisbiggerthanGuangdongProvince,yethasamuchsmallpopulation.23.Inaddition,havingaglimpseofthevividpicturesandlivingvideosontheInternetcontributestoregainingmyenergy.24.Itisabeautifulcar,butitisnotworthythepricethatIpaidforit.That'swhyanAmericangetsuneasywhenalistenerissilenceandshownochangeofexpression.Heispossibletocometohelpusifhedoesn'thavetoattendthemeeting.MaybeIfeelcomfortableandrelaxedintotallydarkness.Roadsafetyhasarousedthewidelyattentionofthepublic.Itiswhatwehaveexperiencedalongthewaytosuccessthatwetreasureandenjoymostly.Theinternetalsohasbadeffectsonpeople,speciallyonteenagers.课后作业：语法填空练习十Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleepneeded1 ontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsin sleeptakesplace.Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthan old,butusuallyeighthoursareenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowith4 thanthisamount,butothersmayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.5 isthenamatterofgoodjudgmenttosatisfyhisneed.Sleep6 alwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis7 (strong)andgetreadyforaday'swork.Freshairisnecessarytosoundsleep.Soitisnotwithoutreasonforsomepeople8 thinkthatitispracticabletosleepintheopenair.Abathatbedtime,9 hotnorcoolbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepproducingdrug(帮助睡眠的药物)shouldneverbetakenexceptwhen10 (suggest)byadoctor.语法填空练习十一Iaskedmyuncle,whoplays1 pianowell,2 hewouldassess(评定)thetoneofasecond-handpiano丨washopingtobuy.Wearrived3 thehouseandUncleFranklookedthepianoover,then4 (sit)downandplayedamixtureofhonky-tonknumbersandclassicalpieces.Whenhefinished,wetoldthefamilythatwewouldcall5 in15minutes.Outside,UncleFranksaidthat6 thewoodwasbattered(坏掉的)，thesoundwasgoodandweshouldbuyit.When丨phonedthewomanback,shesoundedasifshewascrying.Concerned,Iasked,“What'sthe7 ”“Wedidn'tknowthepiano8 playlikethat,”shereplied.Thepianowasn't9 sale,and10 daughterhadtoresume（重新开始）takingpianolessons.语法填空练习十二InNorthAmericapeoplearealwaysin1 hurry.Childrenhavespeciallessonsorsportsactivities2 school.Parentsoftenworklateand3 gethomeuntil7or8o'clockatnight.MostNorthAmericanfamiliesdon'thavetimetoprepareameal.Thatis4 fastfoodissopopularinNorthAmerica.People5 about40%oftheirdollarsonfastfood.Peopleusuallybuyfastfoodfromrestaurantchains6 theycanenjoypizza,sandwichesandsoon.Fastfoodsavesworkandtime,butitisnot7 （nutrition）.Americanfast-foodcompaniesnowhaverestaurantsallovertheworld.Butnot8 ishappyaboutthespread扩展）offastfood.AgroupofpeopleinItalywanttofight9 thespread.Theydon'tliketheideaofmorefastfoodchains10 (open)restaurantsintheircountry.短文改错1.【2012全国新课标】IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,"That'sit.Nomoretoystoyou."Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.2.【2012陕西卷】MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.【2012浙江卷】Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.1calledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazilAsaresult,nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.

形容词副词答案真题演练interested-interested-interestinglittle-lesscomfortably-comfortablehappily-happytaste-tastywonderfully-wonderfulreally-real8.immediate-immediatelyseriously-seriousMuch-Manyterrible-terriblymany-mucheasy-easilybetter-bestwell-good16.Interesting-Interestinglymuch-welldifficulty-difficult—special21.steady—steadily—free21.steady—steadily—free—worst能力提升bad-badlyhardly-hard—worst能力提升bad-badlyhardly-hardbeneficially-beneficialslow-slowlyrich-richer11.happilyrich-richer11.happily-happyfarther-furthermore删掉fewer-lesssuch-socheap-cheaperUnfortunate-Unfortunatelyembarrassing--embarrassedmuch-manyclosely-closetoo-either17.opening-openfaster-fastdeep-deeplymissed-missing21.little-low22.small-smaller23.living-liveworthy-worthsilence-silentpossible-likelytotally-totalwidely-widemostly-mostspecially-especially语法填空练习九1it2wasgiven 3ages4no5how6a7than 8especially9with10more语法填空练习十1depends 2which3the4less5It6should7strength8to9neither 10suggested语法填空练习十一1the2whether/if3at4sat5them6though/although7matter/trouble8could/should9for10her语法填空练习十二1a2after3don't4why5spend6where/and 7nutritious8everyone/everybody9against10opening【答案】little less【解析】根据文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑衅性。此处less修饰形容词。

【考点定位】考查副词的用法。【答