2023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷） 翻译硕士英语

PAGE12023年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（A卷）********************************************************************************************招生专业与代码：英语笔译055101考试科目名称及代码：翻译硕士英语211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:Thereare30sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChooseONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.1.InpartsoftheArctic,thelandgradesintotheland-fasticeso_____thatyoucanwalkoffthecoastandnotknowyouareoverthehiddensea.A.permanentlyB.imperceptiblyC.precariouslyD.relentlessly2.Itwouldhavebeendisingenuousofthecandidatetoappear_____whenheropponentwontheelection,butshecongratulatedthevictornonetheless.A.ecstaticB.crestfallenC.indifferentD.disgruntled3.Inthemidstofsomanyevasivecomments,thisforthrightstatement,whateveritsintrinsicmerit,plainlystandsoutas_____.A.aparadigmB.amisnomerC.aprofundityD.ananomaly4.Everademandingreaderofthefictionofothers,thenovelistChasewaslikewiseoftentheobjectof_____analysesbyhiscontemporaries.A.exactingB.copiousC.respectfulD.acerbic5._____thisafternoon,thewallswouldbecompletelydrybytomorrowevening.A.BypaintingthemB.IftheywouldhavebeenpaintedC.WeretheytobepaintedD.Afterpaintingthem6.Thedoctor_____methatdiscomfortwoulddisappearinacoupleofdaysifIfollowedhisadvice.A.ensuredB.assuredC.insuredD.secured7.InInuitculture,elaboratecarvinghasoftenbeenusedtoenhance_____objectssuchasharpoonheadsandothertools.A.utilitarianB.functionalC.manufacturedD.ornamental8.Theauthorofthisstudyvaliantlysearchesforcommonalitiesamongtheleadersofsocialmovementsbutfails:theleadersremain_____group.A.anidiosyncraticB.aheterogeneousC.aninconsequentialD.anunorthodox9.Themainthrustofherargumentwasthatwagedifferences,farfrombeing_____doinfactreflecteducation,skills,experience,andotherfactorsthatmakeemployeesmoreproductive.A.rationalB.divergentC.arbitraryD.attributable10.Apparentflawsinthesculptor’sworkhavenot_____itsrespectfulreceptionbymostmoderncritics.A.determinedB.underminedC.preventedD.overshadowed11.Lindawas_____theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.A.tostartB.tohavestartedC.tobestartingD.tohavebeenstarting12.Hewashere_____thestroke.A.inB.onC.withD.to13.Thecommissionwouldfinditself_____ateveryturnifitsmemberscouldn'treachanagreement.A.collidedB.savagedC.crumbledD.hampered14.Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,_____Darwin'sTheoryofEvolution.A.aswasthecasewithB.suchasthecaseofC.asitdidwithD.asinthecaseof15.Legislationhasbeenintroducedtosimplifytrademarkregistrationsandextendtherightsthey_____.A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend16.Theoperationcould_____herlifebytwoorthreeyears.A.prolongB.increaseC.expandD.continue17.Thewholecountrywasin_____overtheresultoftheelections.A.suspensionB.suspenseC.suspendingD.suspender18.Thelocalnewspaperhasa_____of100,000copiesaday.A.spread B.circulation C.motion D.flow19.Animal-hideshieldswithwoodenframeswereonceessentialitemsofmilitaryequipment,_____warriorsagainstenemyarrowsandspears.A.amethodtoprotectB.protectingC.asaprotectionofD.toprotect20.ThedietoftheordinaryGreekinclassicaltimeswaslargelyvegetarian-vegetables,freshcheese,oatmeal,andmealcakes,_____.A.andmeatwasrareB.withmeatasrareC.meatararityD.withmeatasararity21.Severalseniorofficialsspoketothepressoncondition_____inthestory.A.thattheynotbenamedB.thattheirnameswillnotbeusedC.theywillnotbenamedD.ofnotbeingnamed22.Egyptiansarecredited_____pioneeredembalmingmethodsaslongagoas2650B.C..A.ashavingB.withhavingC.tohaveD.astheoneswho23.Thepersonheinterviewedwas_____hisformerschoolmate.A.nootherthan

B.nomorethan

C.noneotherthan

D.nonetheless24.Afterworkingforthefirmfortenyears,hefinally_____therankofdeputydirector.A.achieved

B.approached

C.attained

D.acquired25.Imustleavenow._______,ifyouwantthatbook,I’llbringitnexttime. A.Accidentally B.Incidentally C.Eventually D.Naturally26.Marysatatthetable,lookedattheplateand______herlips. A.smacked B.opened C.parted D.separated27._____atinhisway,thesituationdoesn’tseemsodesperate. A.Looking B.Looked C.Beinglooked D.tolook28.NooneisneutralaboutStephens:heinspireseitheruncriticaladulationorprofound_____inthosewhoworkforhim.A.worried B.infuriated C.antipathy D.veneration29.Thethreementriedmanytimestosneakacrosstheborderintotheneighboringcountry,_____bythepoliceeachtime.A.hadbeencaptured B.beingalwayscaptured C.onlytobecaptured D.unfortunatelycaptured30.Carmen'saffectionforhersister,thoughnot_____,wasplainlytoogreattopermitapainlessdeparture.A.unsteadyB.ambivalentC.carelessD.unboundedII.ReadingComprehension(40%)Directions:Thispartconsistsoftwosections.InSectionA,therearefourpassagesfollowedbyatotalof20multiple-choicequestions.InSectionB,thereisonepassagefollowedbyatotalof5short-answerquestions.ReadthepassagesandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.SectionAMultiple-ChoiceQuestions(30%)Passage1Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ourshasbecomeasocietyofemployees.AhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployed,i.e.,workedforsomebodyelse.Todayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimself.Andwhenfiftyyearsago"beingemployed"meantworkingasafactorylaborerorasafarmhand,theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddle-classpersonwithasubstantialformaleducation,holdingaprofessionalormanagementjobre-quiringintellectualandtechnicalskills.Indeed,twothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyears:middle-classandupper-classemployeeshavebeenthefastest-growinggroupsinourworkingpopulation-growingsofastthattheindustrialworker,thatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolution,hasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheex-pans/onofindustrialproduction.Yetyouwillfindlittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployee.Youcanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotion.Youcanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfield,whetheritbethemechanist'stradeorbookkeeping.Everyoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskills,setsdifferentstandards,andrequiresadifferentpreparation.Yettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommon.Andincreasingly,especiallyinthelargebusinessoringovernment,employeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskill.Certainly,morepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtrade;thehigheryouclimbtheladder,themoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutivework,thegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge.31.ItisimpliedthatfiftyyearsagoA)eightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesB)twentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesC)thepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersD)thepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers32.Accordingtothepassage,withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,A.factorylabourerswillovertakeintellectualemployeesinnumberB.thereareasmanymiddle-classemployeesasfactorylabourersC.employershaveattachedgreatimportancetofactorylabourersD.theproportionoffactorylabourersinthetotalemployeepopulationhasdecreased33.Theword"dubious"(L.2,Para.2)mostprobablymeansA.valuableB.usefulC.doubtfulD.helpful34.Accordingtothewriter,professionalknowledgeorskillisA.lessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeB.asimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsC.moreimportantthanemployer-employeerelationsD.asimportantastheabilitytocooperatewithothersintheorganization35.FromthepassageitcanbeseenthatemployeeshiphelpsoneA.tobemoresuccessfulinhiscareerB.tobemorespecializedinhisfieldC.tosolvetechnicalproblemsD.todevelophisprofessionalskillPassage2Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Iremembermeetinghimoneeveningwithhispushcart.Ihadmanagedtosellallmypapersandwascominghomeinthesnow.ItwasthatstrangehourindowntownNewYorkwhentheworkerswerepouringhomewardinthetwilight.Imarchedamongthousandsoftiredmenandwomenwhomthefactorywhistleshadunyoked.Theyflowedinriversthroughtheclothingfactorydistricts,thendownalongtheavenuestotheEastSide.

ImetmyfathernearCooperUnion.Irecognizedhim,ahunched,frozenfigureinanoldovercoatstandingbyabananacart.Helookedsolonely;thetearscametomyeyes.Thenhesawme,andhisfacelitwithhissad,beautifulsmile-CharlieChaplin'ssmile.

"Arch,it'sMikey,"hesaid."So,youhavesoldyourpapers!Comeandeatabanana."

Heofferedmeone.Irefusedit.Ifeltitcrucialthatmyfathersellhisbananas,notgivethemaway.HethoughtIwasshy,andcoaxedandjokedwithme,andmademeeatthebanana.Itsmelledofwetstrawandsnow.

"Youhaven'tsoldmanybananastoday,pop,"Isaidanxiously.

Heshruggedhisshoulders.

"WhatcanIdo?Nooneseemstowantthem."

Itwastrue.Theworkcrowdspushedhomemoroselyoverthepavements.TherustyskydarkenedoverNewYorkbuilding,thetallstreetlampswerelit,innumerabletrucks,streetcarsandelevatedtrainsclatteredby.Nobodyandnothinginthegreatcitystoppedformyfather'sbananas.

"Ioughttoyell,"saidmyfatherdolefully."Ioughttomakeabignoiselikeotherpeddlers,butitmakesmythroatsore.Anyway,I'mashamedofyelling,itmakesmefeellikeafool."

Ihadeatenoneofhisbananas.MysickconsciencetoldmethatIoughttopayforitsomehow.Imustremainhereandhelpmyfather.

"I'llyellforyou,pop,"Ivolunteered.

"Arch,no,"hesaid,"gohome;youhaveworkedenoughtoday.JusttellmommaI'llbelate."

ButIyelledandyelled.Myfather,standingby,spokeoccasionalwordsofpraise,andsaidIwasawonderfulyeller.Nobodyelsepaidattention.Theworkersdriftedpastuswearily,endlessly;adefeatedarmywrappedindreamsofhome.Elevatedtrainscrashed;theCooperUnionclockburnedaboveus;theskygrewblack,thewindpoured,theslushburnedthroughourshoes.Therewerethousandsofstrange,silentfigurespouringoverthesidewalksinsnow.Noneofthemstoppedtobuybananas.Iyelledandyelled,nobodylistened.

Myfathertriedtostopmeatlast."Nu,"hesaidsmilingtoconsoleme,"thatwaswonderfulyelling.Mikey.Butit'splainweareunluckytoday!Let'sgohome."

Iwasfrantic,andalmostintears.Iinsistedonkeepingupmydesperateyells.Butatlast,myfatherpersuadedmetoleavewithhim.36."unyoked"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

A.sentout

B.released

C.dispatched

D.removed37.WhichofthefollowinginthefirstparagraphdoesNOTindicatedcrowdsofpeople?

A.Thousandsof

B.Flowed

C.Pouring

D.Unyoked38.Whichofthefollowingisintendedtobeapairofcontrastinthepassage?

A.Hugecrowdsandlonelyindividuals.

B.Weatherconditionsandstreetlamps.

C.Clatteringtrainsandpeddlers'yells.

D.Movingcrowdsandstreettraffic.39.Whatisthethemeofthestory?

A.Themiseryofthefactoryworkers.

B.Howtosurviveinaharshenvironment.

C.Generationgapbetweenthefatherandtheson.

D.Lovebetweenthefatherandtheson.40.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefatherandtheson?

A.Indifferent

B.Sympathetic

C.Appreciative

D.DifficulttotellPassage3Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Despitetheclear-cuttechnologicaladvantages,therailroaddidn’tbecometheprimarymeansoftransportationfornearly20yearsafterthefirstpioneeringAmericanrailroadswereintroducedintheearly1830s.Besidesthestiffcompetitionofwatertransport,animportanthindrancetorailroaddevelopmentwaspublicantipathy,whichhaditsrootsinignorance,conservatism,andvestedinterest.Peoplethoughtthatspeedsof20to30milesperhourwouldbephysicallyharmfultopassengers.Manyhonestlybelievedthattherailroadwouldprovetobeimpracticalanduneconomicalandwouldnotprovideserviceasdependableasthatofthewaterways.Unsurprisingly,themostvigorousoppositiontorailroadscamefromgroupswhoseeconomicinterestssufferedfromthecompetitionofthenewindustry.Millionsofdollarshadbeenspentoncanals,rivers,highways,andplankroads,andthousandsofpeopledependedonthesetransportationenterprisesfortheirlivelihood.Tavernkeepersfearedtheirbusinesseswouldberuined,andfarmersenvisionedthemarketforhayandgraindisappearingasthe“ironhorse”replacedtheflesh-and-bloodanimalthatdrewcanalboatsandpulledwagons.Competitiveinterestsjoinedtoembarrassandhindertherailroads,causingseveralstatestolimittrafficonthemtopassengersandtheirbaggageortofreighthauledonlyduringthemonthswhencanaloperationsceased.OnerailroadcompanyinOhiowasrequiredtopayforanylossincanaltrafficattributedtorailroadcompetition.Otherrailroadswereorderedtopayatonnagetaxtosupporttheoperationofcanals.Thesesentiments,howeveramusingtoday,wereseriouslyespousedbynationalleaders,asseenina1829letterfromMartinVanBuren,thengovernorofNewYork,toPresidentAndrewJackson.Despitetheoppositionofthosewhofearedtherailroads,constructionwenton.Insectionsofthecountrywherecanalscouldnotbebuilt,therailroadofferedameansofcheaptransportationforallkindsofcommodities.Incontrasttothemunicipalitythatwishedtoexcludetherailroad,manycitiesandtowns,aswellastheirstategovernments,didmuchtoencouragerailroadconstruction.Andthefederalgovernmentprovidedtariffexemptionsonrailroadiron.By1840,railroadmileageintheUnitedStateswaswithin1,000milesofthecombinedlengthsofallcanals,thevolumeofgoodscarriedbywaterstillexceededthattransportedbyrail.Afterthedepressionoftheearly1840s,railinvestmentscontinued,mostlygovernmentassisted,andby1850,thecountryhad9,000milesofrailroads,andtherailroad’ssuperioritywasclear.Withthemorethan20,000milesofrailsaddedtothetransportationsystembetween1850and1860,totaltrackagesurpassed30,000attheendofthedecade,andthevolumeoffreighttrafficequaledthatofcanals.AllthestateseastoftheMississippiwereconnectedduringthisdecade.TheeasternseaboardwaslinkedwiththeMississippiRiversystem,andtheGulfandSouthAtlanticstatescouldinterchangetrafficwiththeGreatLakes.GrowingtrunklinesliketheErie,thePennsylvania,andtheBaltimoreandOhiocompletedconstructionofprojectsthathadbeenstartedinthe1840s,andcombinationsofshortlinesprovidednewthroughroutes.BythebeginningoftheCivilWar,theeasternframeworkofthepresentrail-transportationsystemhadbeenerected,anditwaspossibletotravelbyrailtheentiredistancefromNewYorktoChicagotoMemphisandbacktoNewYork.Manymodificationsandimprovementsoccurred,andtotalfactorproductivityinrailroadsmorethandoubledinthetwodecadesbeforetheCivilWar.Technologicaladvanceswerereflectedinthefactthattheaveragetractionforceoflocomotivesmorethandoubledinthesetwodecades.Freightcarsizesalsoincreased,witheight-wheelcarsbeingcommonby1859.Mostoftheproductivityrise,however,resultedfromincreasedutilizationofexistingfacilities.Thestockofcapital—andotherinputs—grew,butoutputgrewmuchfasterastheinitialinputbecamemorefullyutilized.41．IntwodecadesafterintroducedintotheU.S.,railroadsdidn’tbecomethechiefmeansoftransportationmainlybecausepeoplewere______.A．repugnanttoitB．ignorantofitC．afraidofitD．doubtfulofit42．TheAmericanfarmersworriedthat______.A．theirhorseswouldbereplacedbythe“ironhorse”B．therewouldbenomarketfortheircropsC．therewouldbenomarketfortheirlivestockD．theywouldbenefitlessfromrailroadsthanfromwaterways43．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?A．Bothmunicipalandstategovernmentswereinfavorofrailroads.B．Bothstateandfederalgovernmentsgavesupporttorailroads.C．Stategovernmentswentagainstfederalgovernmentsonbuildingrailroads.D．Municipalgovernmentsreservedtheirrighttodisagreewithstategovernments.44．WhichofthefollowingadjectivescanbestdescribeAmericaneconomybetweenthe1840sandthe1860s?A．Diversified.B．Stable.C．Thrilling.D．Prosperous.45．Thepassageaimsto______.A．listthefactorsthatretardedthedevelopmentofAmericanrailroadsB．illustratethehistoryofthedevelopmentofAmericanrailroadsC．analyzeadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAmericanrailroadsatanearlystageD．presenttheprosandconsofAmericanpeopleinthe19thcenturyPassage4Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheU.N.GeneralAssemblyonTuesdayurgedgovernmentstobanallhumancloning,includingthecloningofhumanembryosforstem-cellresearch,inadividedvotemathandedasymbolicvictorytotheadministrationofU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.Bush.Cappingfouryearsofcontentiousdebate,the191-nationassemblyvoted84to34,with37abstentions,toapproveanonbindingstatementoncloning.TheUnitedStatesdidnotplayapublicroleinpromotingthestatement.Butithadworkedbehindthescenes,hand-in-handwithU.S.anti-abortiongroups,toobtainacallforablanketbanonallcloning.“TheUnitedStatesandtheinternationalcommunityhavenowspokenclearlythathumancloningisanaffronttohumandignity,”Bushsaidinastatementwelcomingthe“strongvote”.ThemeasurewasproposedbyHondurasandgenerallysupportedbypredominantlyRomanCatholiccountries,inlinewithPopeJohnPaul’scondemnationofhumancloning.Itwasgenerallyopposedbynationswherestem-cellresearchisbeingpursued.ManyIslamicnationswereamongthoseabstaining;ongroundstherewasnoU.N.consensusonthehot-buttonissueofwhetherstem-cellresearchwasavalidmedicalpursuitorthedestructionofhumanlife.Opponentssaidthetextwasnotlegallybindingandwouldhavenoimpactontheirscientists’pursuitofstemcellresearch.Attheheartofthedebatewasso-calledtherapeuticcloning,inwhichhumanembryosareclonedtoobtainstemcellsusedinmedicalstudiesandlaterdiscarded.Manyscientists,backedbygovernmentsincludingBelgium,Britain,SingaporeandChina,saythetechniqueoffershopeforacuretosome100millionpeoplewithsuchconditionsasAlzheimer’s,cancer,diabetesandspinalcordinjuries.ButtheUnitedStates,CostaRica,Italyandanti-abortiongroupsarguedthatthistypeofresearch,forwhateverpurpose,constitutesthetakingofhumanlives.TheUN.debatebeganwitha2001proposalbyFranceandGermanyforabindingglobaltreatybanningthecloningofhumanbeings,aplanthathadbroadinternationalbacking.ButthateffortfailedlastyearaftertheBushadministrationfoughttobroadenthebantoallcloningofhumanembryos,includingtherapeuticcloning.Theassembly’streaty-writinglegalcommittee,deeplydivided,abandonedtheideaofatreatyanddecidedinsteadtopursueanonbindingdeclaration.CostaRicanAmbassadorBrunoStagnoUgartepraisedtheassemblyvoteas“ahistoricstep”matrecognized“thattherapeuticcloninginvolvesthecreationofhumanlifeforthepurposeofdestroyingit.”U.S.envoySichanSivmadeonlyabriefcommentwelcomingthestatement.ButBritishAmbassadorEmyrJonesParry,whovoted“no”,lamented“theintransigenceofthosewhowerenotpreparedtorecognizethatothersovereignstates—afterextensivedialogueandduedemocraticprocess—maydecidetopermitstrictlycontrolledapplicationsoftherapeuticcloning.”“Therapeuticcloningresearchconductedunderstrictregulationswillcontributetotheenhancementofhumandignitybyrelievingmillionsofpeoplefrompain,sufferingandmisery,”saidSouthKoreanenvoyHaChan-ho,explaininghis“no”vote.“Thefoesoftherapeuticcloningaretryingtoportraythisasavictoryfortheirideology.ButthisconfusingdeclarationisanefforttomasktheirfailurelastNovembertoimposeatreatyontheworldbanningtherapeuticcloning,”saidBernardSiegel,aFloridaattorneywholedalobbyingdrivebyscientistsandpatientadvocacygroupstodefendcloningfortherapeuticends.46．Thephrase“behindthescenes”inthesecondparagraphcanbebestreplacedby_____.A．behindthefrontB．behindthecurtainC．behindthedoorD．behindthestageTheword“lament”intheseventhparagraphmeans_____.A．somebodyfeelsdisappointedaboutsomethingB．somebodyfeelshappyaboutsomethingC．somebodyfeelssatisfiedwithsomethingD．somebodyfeelsangryaboutsomething48．Fromthedescriptioninthepassage,welearnthat_____.A．U.S.A.playedacrucialrolebyproposingthemeasureofbanninghumancloningB．morethanhalfofthenationsofU.N.GeneralAssemblyapprovedbanninghumancloningC．thevoteisavictoryforUSAandmanypredominantlyCatholiccountriesD．theU.N.memberstateshavetheobligationtoadoptlawsbanningallhumancloning49．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．TheUNhasintroducedaworldwidelegalbanonallhumancloning.B．Thebanningofproductivecloninghasobtainedbroadinternationalsupport.C．Thetherapeuticcloningonlyinvolvesthedestructionofhumanlife.D．Thetherapeuticcloningisnotstrictlycontrolledforscientificendinmanynations.50．Whatdidthedebatefocusonastotheissueofhumancloning?TherapeuticcloningTheUNhasintroducedaworldwidelegalbanThebanningofproductivecloningTheUSAhasintroducedaworldwidelegalbanSectionBShort-AnswerQuestions(10%)Passage5Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Materialculturereferstothetouchable,material“things”—physicalobjectsthatcanbeseen,held,felt,used—thatacultureproduces.Examiningaculture’stoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroup’shistoryandwayoflife.Similarly,researchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusicculture.Themostvividbodyof“things”init,ofcourse,aremusicalinstruments.Wecannotbearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusic