机械工程英语Unit3Turning

1.turningn.车削

2.lathen.车床3.mountv.安装4.turretn.转塔5.boringn.镗削加工6.diversityv.使多样性，使变化7.dampv.使减振，缓冲8.guidewayn.导轨9.carriagen.(机床的)拖板,床鞍10.spindlen.主轴Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.11.hydraulica.液压的

12.lengthwisea.&ad.纵向，纵长的13.gearboxn.齿轮(变速，传动)箱14.headstockn.车头箱，主轴箱15.hollowa.空的，中空的16.tapern.圆锥v.锥形的17.threadn.螺纹18.chuckn.卡盘，夹头19.tailstockn.尾架20.quilln.活动套筒，衬套Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.21.longitudinallyad.纵向地

22.screwn.螺杆23.nutn.螺帽（母）24.apronn.拖板箱25.keywayn.键槽26.rearn.后部27.triangulara.三角形的28.trapezoidala.梯形的29.clampn.夹紧装置Vt.夹（紧，持，住）30.identicala.同一的，相等的Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.31.grooven.凹槽

32.padn.垫片33.washern.衬垫，垫圈34.chipn.薄片，金属屑35.bornea.有局限的36.contourn.轮廓，外形37.cylindricala.圆柱（体，形）的38.helixn.螺旋线39.pitchn.齿节，螺距40.peripheryn.边缘，外围Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.41.spiraln.螺旋线

42.apexn.顶,顶点43.conen.锥面，锥体44.handlen.柄，把手45.conicala.圆锥的46.kinematica.运动学的47.profilen.纵剖面48.knurln.V.滚花，压花49.circumferentiala.环绕的，圆周的50.optimala.最佳（优）的51.coolantn.冷却剂Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Thelatheanditsconstruction

车床及其结构Alatheisamachinetoolusedprimarilyforproducingsurfacesofrevolutionandflatedges.

车床主要是用来加工回转表面和端面的机床。Basedontheirpurpose,construction,numberoftoolsthatcansimultaneouslybemounted,anddegreeofautomation,lathes-or,moreaccurately,lathe-typemachinetools-canbeclassifiedasfollows:Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.基于各种车床的用途、结构、可同时安装的刀具的数目和自动化程度，车床，或者更精确地说，车削类型的机床，可分为下列类型：1）Enginelathes动力车床，普通车床2）Toolroomlathes（万能）工具车床3）Turretlathes转塔车床，或六角车床4）Verticalturningandboringmills立式镗车床5）Automaticlathes自动车床6）Special-purposelathes专用车床Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Lathebed床身Thelathebedisthemainframe，involvingahorizontalbeamontwoverticalsupports.

床身是车床的主要框架，包括支撑在两根立柱上的一根横梁。horizontala.水平的horizontalbeam横梁verticala.垂直的Itisusuallymadeofgreyornodularcastirontodampvibrationsandismadebycasting.

它通常是由吸收振动的灰口铸铁和球墨铸铁铸制而成。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Headstock主轴箱Theheadstockisfixedatthelefthandsideofthelathebedandincludesthespindlewhoseaxisisparalledtotheguideways(theslidesurfaceofthebed.主轴箱安装在床身的左端,它包括主轴,其轴线与导轨(床身的滑动表面)平行。Somemodernlatheshaveheadstockswithinfinitelyvariablespindlespeeds,whichemployfrictional,electrical,orhydraulicdrives.一些现代车床的主轴箱采用无级变速，采用摩擦传动、电力传动或液压传动。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Tailstock尾架Thetailstockassemblyconsistsbasicallyofthreeparts,itslowerbase,anintermediateparts,andthequill.

安装好的尾架组件包括三个基本部分：底板、中间体和尾架套筒。

Thelowerbaseisacastingthatcanslideonlathebedalongtheguideways,andithasaclampingdevicetoenablelockingtheentiretailstockatanydesiredlocation,dependinguponthelengthoftheworkpiece.底板是铸件，能沿着导轨在床身上滑动，

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.且有一夹紧装置，能根据工件的长度，在任何位置锁紧整个尾架。Theholeintheopensideofthequillistaperedtoenablemountingoflathecentersorothertoolsliketwistdrillsorboringbars.

套筒开端的孔是锥孔，便于安装车床顶尖和其他诸如麻花钻或镗杆之类的刀具。twistdrill麻花钻

boringbar镗杆Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Thecarriage拖板(溜板)Themainfunctionofthecarriageismountingofthecuttingtoolsandgeneratinglongitudinaland/orcrossfeeds.

拖板的主要作用是安装切削刀具以及产生纵向和（或）横向进给运动。ItisactuallyanH-shapedblockthatslidesonthelathebedbetweentheheadstockandtailstockwhilebeingguidedbytheV-shapedguidewaysofthebed.拖板实际上是一个H形的滑车。当由床身上的V形导轨引导时，能在床身上的主轴箱和尾架之间滑动。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Lathecuttingtools车床切削刀具Theshapeandgeometryofthelathetoolsdependuponthepurposeforwhichtheyareemployed.车刀的外形和几何形状取决于其用途。Turningtoolscanbeclassifiedintotwomaingroups,namely,externalcuttingtoolsandinternalcuttingtools.车刀可分为两大类，即外车刀和内车刀。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Turningtools外圆车刀Facingtools端面车刀Cutofftools切断刀Thread-cuttingtools螺纹车刀

Thread-cuttingtoolshaveeithertriangular,square,ortrapezoidalcuttingedges,dependinguponthecrosssectionofthedisiredthread.

根据所要求车削螺纹的横断面形状，螺纹车刀不仅有三角形、方形刀刃还有梯形刀刃。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Formtools样板刀，成形刀Formtoolshaveedgesespeciallymanufacturedtotakeacertainform,whichisoppositetothedesiredshapeofthemachinedworkpiece.

成形刀的刃口专门加工成一特定的形状，其形状与加工工件的理想形状相反。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Fig.11.2indicatesanarrangementofthislattertype,whichincludesthecarbidetip,thechipbreaker,thepad,theclampingscrew(withawasherandanut),andtheshank.

图11.2表示了机械紧固安装形式，其中包括硬质合金刀头、断屑器、垫片、紧定螺钉（以及垫圈和螺母），还有刀杆。

thecarbidetip硬质合金刀头

thechipbreaker断屑器thepad垫片

theclampingscrew紧定螺钉

washer垫圈

nut螺母Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Asthenamesuggests,thefunctionofthechipbreakeristobreaklongchipseverynowandthen,thuspreventingtheformationofverylongtwistedribbonsthatmaycauseproblemsduringthemachiningoperation.

正如名称所示，断屑器的功用是不时地将长切屑断开，这样可防止形成很长的切屑扭转带，因为长扭转带可能会在机加工中引发问题。longtwistedribbons长（切屑）扭转带

everynowandthen常常，不时地Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Latheoperations车床操作

Cylindricalturning外圆车削Asingle

fullturnoftheworkpiecegeneratesaCirclewhosecenterfallsonthelatheaxis;thismotionisthenreproducednumeroustimesasaresultoftheaxialfeedmotionofthetool.

对工件进行的一次简单完整的车削产生了一个以车床轴线为中心的圆；这个运动接着重复进行了很多次，形成了刀具的轴向进给运动。

thelatheaxis车床轴线

theaxialfeedmotion轴向进给运动Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Theresultingmachiningmarksare,therefore,ahelixhavingaverysmallpitch,whichisequaltothefeed.

因而，产生的机加工痕迹是一根螺旋线，螺旋线的螺距很小，其值与进给量相等。

The

axialfeedisprovidedbythecarriageorthecompoundrest,eithermanuallyorautomatically,whereasthedepthofcutiscontrolledbythecrossslide.

轴向进给是由拖板或复式刀架，既可通过手动走刀也可自动走刀进行，而切削深度是由横拖板控制的。

compoundrest复式刀架

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Facing端面车削Usually,itispreferredtoclampthecarriageduringafacingoperation,sincethecuttingforcetendstopushthetool(and,ofcourse,thewholecarriage)awayfromtheworkpiece.

通常在端面加工中首先要夹紧大拖板，因为切削力有将刀具（当然，包括整个拖板）推离工件的倾向。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Groovecutting切槽加工Boringandinternalturning

镗孔和内孔车削Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Taperturning锥面车削TaperturningisachievedbydrivingthetoolinadirectionthatisnotparalledtothelatheaxisButinclinedtoitwithananglethatisequaltothedesiredangleofthetaper.

锥面车削是通过沿一不平行于车床轴线的方向驱动刀具完成的。该方向与车床轴线倾斜成一夹角，并与锥面所要求的角度相等。Evaluati