“上网闲逛”带来的隐患等2则外刊阅读训练-2023届高三英语二轮复习

外刊精读精练

〃上网闲逛''带来的隐患

导读：

一项调查发现，目前每个工作日中14%的时间竟然被用于"上网闲

逛"。在各国的办公室里，员工在上班时间查看社交媒体网站、网上购

物、阅读新闻、浏览八卦等已很常见。人们为什么会养成"上网闲逛”

的习惯呢？这个习惯怎么改？跟随本集《外刊精读》了解造成人们"上

网闲逛"背后的原因。

一、语篇泛读

Vocabulary:Procrastination词汇：延迟

Timetoownup.Whenyou'resittingatyourcomputer,doyou

worksolidlyallday?OrdoyouaIlowyourselftobecome

distractednowandagain...toopenafewextratabs,checksocial

media,readaspotofnews,browsethelatestfashiontrends,maybe

catchuponsomecelebritygossip,andlookatsome...

Stop!You're'cyberloafing'.Theunwieldywordisacombinationof

'cyber',whichmeans'relatedtocomputers',and'loafing',which

means"relaxinginalazyway'.Wedoit,andwedoitalot.Astudy

fromtheUniversityofTexassuggestsweareguiltyofthisformof

procrastinationfor14%ofourworkingday.OnaFridayafternoon,I

expectit'smorethanthat.

I'lladmittoindulgingintheoddboutofcyberloafingmyself.In

factI'vealreadydoneitinthecourseofwritingthisstory.OK,more

thanonce.

Butit/saslipperyslope.Itcandamageyourproductivityandeven

yourcareer.BecauseaccordingtotheUniveristyofTexasresearch,

eachtimeaworkergetssidetrackedbytheinternetittakesanaverage

of23minutestogetbacktowork.

Morethanthat,cyberloafinghasadarkside,accordingtoareport

publishedinTheJournalofPsychosocialResearchonCyberspace.It

arguesthatcyberloafingisconnectedtoseveralnegativepersonality

traits.Peoplewhocyberloafaremorelikelyto

bemanipulative,self-interestedandnarcissistic.Furthermore,people

withthesetraitsarelesslikelytofeelremorseaboutavoidingwork,

andlessconcernedaboutgettingcaught.

Whydowedoit?Forsome,it'sundoubtedlyanescapefromthe

drudgeryofwhatthey'resupposedtobedoing.Orawayofavoiding

tacklingthatevergrowingin-tray.Somemightgetafeelingof

satisfaction,getabuzzfromfindingagreatdealonline.Butoverall,

it'ssomethingthattakesyouawayfromwhatyou'reactuallybeing

paidtodo,orpayingtodo:ifyou'reastudent.

Whenyouhavethewholeworldoftheinternetatyourfingertips,

it'shardtoresist.

Howdowenipitinthebud?Ifyoucantrulyaskyourselfwhyyou

arecyberloafing,thenthatcanhelpidentifythebaseproblem.Andif

thatsoundsliketoomuchhardwork,youcouldjustswitchoffthe

internetforacoupleofhours!

Sointhemeantime,letmejustclosethoseextratabs...

二、词汇表

ownup承认，坦白（错误）

solidly扎扎实实地，连续地

nowandagain不时的

tab（浏览器）窗口

gossip八卦，流言蜚语

unwieldy笨拙的

indulgein沉溺于

odd偶尔的

bout（某活动的）一阵

slipperyslope滑坡效应，下坡路

productivity生产率

getsidetracked使分心，注意力被转移了

darkside阴暗面，黑暗面

manipulative有控制欲的，爱摆布（他人）的

self-interested利己主义的，只为自己着想的

narcissistic自我欣赏的

getabuzz让人感到异常兴奋

atyourfingertips近在手边

tonip（something）inthebud防患于未然

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Iscyberloafingawidespreadproblem?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayisthebestwaytostop

cyberloafing?

3.Whycanyousaycyberloafinghasa'darkside"?

4.Whichwordmeans'continuousboredom'?

5.Trueorfalse:Theauthorhassympathyforcyberloafers.

请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的

单词填入句子的空格处。

1.Don'tspendtoomuchonyourcreditcard.It'sa.Youget

intoseriousfinancialtrouble.

darksidebuzz

sidetrackslipperyslope

2.Stoplookingatyourselfinthemirror.Youreallyare.

manipulativeunwieldy

narcissisticsidetracked

3.riladmitIdolikethemuffinnowandagain.Even

thoughI'mputtingonweight.

oddunusual

strangeslippery

4.Witha,youhavetheworldatyourfingertips.Itcando

somanythings.

fryingpan

smartphone

pairofgloves

toothbrush

5.I'vebeenworkingsolidlyallmorning.Ineed.

abreakabuzz

tospeeduptofocus

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Iscyberloafingawidespreadproblem?

Accordingtoonestudy,almost14%ofourworkingdayisspent

cyberloafing.Sointermsofproductivity,it'sahugeproblem.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayisthebestwaytostopcyberloafing?

Thebestwayistoaskyourselfwhyyouarecyberloafingandtryto

identifythebaseproblem.

3.Whycanyousaycyberloafinghasa"darkside??

Onestudylinkedcyberloafingwithnegativepersonalitytraits,

includingbeingmanipulative,narcissisticandself-interested.

4.Whichwordmeans'continuousboredom"?

Drudgery.

5.Trueorfalse:Theauthorhassympathyforcyberloafers.

Theauthoradmitstocyberloafingandalsouseslanguagelike“hardto

resist”,soitappearshehassympathyforthisbehaviour.

请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的

单词填入句子的空格处。

1.Don'tspendtoomuchonyourcreditcard.It'saslipperyslope.

Yougetintoseriousfinancialtrouble.

2.Stoplookingatyourselfinthemirror.Youreally

arenarcissistic.

3.I'lladmitIdoliketheoddmuffinnowandagain.Eventhough

I'mputtingonweight.

4.Withasmartphone,youhavetheworldatyourfingertips.It

candosomanythings.

5.I'vebeenworkingsolidlyallmorning.Ineedabreak.

五件由女性发明的东西

导读：

计算机程序设计应该是个男性工作的领域，对吗？仅从目前的从

业人数来看，男性程序员的人数超过女性从业人数，但曾经一度可不

是这样的。本集《外刊精读》带你认识50年代的一位女性先锋程序员，

同时介绍那些由女性发明的日用品。

一、语篇泛读

Vocabulary:Innovation词汇:创造

Here'sasimplechallenge:nameafamousinventor.Perhaps

RenaissancepolymathLeonardodaVincispringstomind.Or

thepioneerofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBell.Butyoumight

behard-pressedtonamemanyfemaleinventors,eventhoughwomen

arebehindsomeofthemostwidelyusedtechnologiesinthemodern

world.

Forexample,wherewouldwebewithoutthewindscreenwiper?

Backonafreezingwinter'sdayin1902,MaryAndersonwastravelling

bytramthroughNewYorkcity.Snowwasfalling,forcingthedriverto

stoprepeatedlyandgetouttoclearit.Eachtimethedooropened,

Marysufferedagustofsub-zeroair.Shehadabrainwave:whynot

makesomekindofarubberbladethatcouldbeoperatedfrominside

thevehicle?Andthat'sexactlywhatshedid.

Let'sstepinfromfreezingNewYorkforournextinvention.

Thedishwasherdatesbackevenearliertothe19thCentury,andtothe

dinnerpartiesthrownbyaladycalledJosephineCochrane.Asa

frequenthost,shewantedamachinethatcouldwashdishesfaster

thanpeople.Herresponsewastodevelopwhatwastobecomethefirst

commerciallysuccessfuldishwasher.Interestingly,innovationwasin

herblood:hergrandfatherhadinventedthesteamboat.

Needsomethingtodowhilethedishwasheriswhirringaway?How

aboutaroundofMonopoly?Oneofthemostpopularboardgames

around,theruleswerefirstdrawnupbyaladycalledElizabethMagie,

andpatentedin1904.Herintentionwastocreateagametohighlight

whatshesawasthepitfallsofcapitalism.ItwasoriginallycalledThe

Landlord'sGame.

Toanaltogetherdifferentkindofinnovation:Kevlaristhe

lightweightfibreusedinbulletproofvests.Thematerialisusedby

millionseverydayandhassavedcountlesslives.Thesupertoughfabric

isalsousedinobjectsrangingfromglovestoaeroplanestowind

turbines.Incredibly,itsstrength-to-weightratioisfivetimeshigher

thansteel.Again,itwasinventedbyawoman,theAmericanchemist

StephanieKwolek,in1964.

Finally,oneofthemostimportantinventionsofthe20thCentury

mustsurelybethecomputerprogramme.Theworldofprogramming

isnotoriouslyunbalancedintermsofgender.Men

vastlyoutnumberwomen,andtakehomearound30%morepaythan

theirfemalecounterpartsonaverage.Butbackinthe1940sand50s,

womenwereattheforefrontofthisnewfield.GraceHopperis

creditedwithinventingthefirstcompilerin1952,whichservesasthe

bridgebetweencodeandthebinaryonesandzerosunderstoodby

computers.

二、词汇表

polymath博学者，博学的人

springtomind突然呈现在脑海中

pioneer先锋

hard-pressed（由于缺少时间）面临困难的

wherewouldwebewithout…假如没有…我们将会是怎样的？

windscreenwiper雨刷器

sub-zero温度在零度以下的

brainwave（突发的）灵感，妙计

dishwasher洗碗机

throw（aparty）举办（聚会）

insomeone'sblood在某人的血液中，在骨子里

whirr（洗衣机）发出嗡嗡声

patent注册专利权

pitfail陷阱

bulletproofvest防弹背心

windturbine风力发电机

notoriously出了名地（负面），声名狼藉地

gender性别

outnumber在数量上压倒

binary二进位制

三、测试与练习

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Howdidacolddaycausethewindscreenwipertobeinvented?

2.WhydidCochraneinventthedishwasher?

3.Whichwordexpressestherelationshipbetweentwo

amounts?

4.Whichwordreferstosomethinglonewithasharpedge?

5.Whichindustryusedtoemploycomparativelymorewomenin

thepastthantoday?

请你在不参考课文的情况下完成下列练习。选择一个意思合适的

单词填入句子的空格处。

1.I'vejusthada.Whydon/tweinventamachinethat

answersquestionsinTakeAwayEnglish?

brainwaveinnovation

inventionidea

2.Wherewouldwebewithoutyou,Matt?Yourquickthinking

ourcompany.

hard-pressedwhirred

ruinedsaved

3.Thereareanumberoftoconsiderwhenstartinga

business.Doyourresearchsoyoudon'tfacetheseproblems.

polymathspitfaIls

patentsopportunities

4.What'sthatwhirringsound?It'sjustthe.

drilltelevision

washingmachinecat

5.Thisareaisforviolence.Takecareonthestreets.

notoriouspitfall

intheblood

outnumbered

【参考答案】

阅读课文并回答问题。

1.Howdidacolddaycausethewindscreenwipertobeinvented?

Everytimethedriveropenedthedoor,freezingaircameinside.Mary

Andersonthoughttherehadtobea