南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2010年南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语[专业硕士]考研真题及详解

2011年南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语[专业硕士]考研真题及详解

2012年南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕

士英语[专业硕士]考研真题及详解

2010年南开大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]考研真题及详解

I.VocabularyandGrammar.(30points,1foreach.)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentence

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbest

completesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswer

Sheet.

1．ManyAmericansthinkanationalcommitteeshouldbeformedtodiscuss

_____toexistingmasstransitsystem.

A.alterations

B.alternations

C.attendants

D.alternatives

【答案】A

【解析】句意：许多美国人认为应当组建一个国家协会来讨论对公共交

通系统的修改意见。alterations变更，修改。alternations间隔；轮流，交

替。attendants出席者；随从。alternatives选择；供选择的东西。

2．Thankyouforapplyingforapositionwithourfirm.Wedonothaveany

openingsatthistime,butweshallkeepyourapplicationon_____fortwo

months.

A.pile

B.segment

C.sequence

D.file

【答案】D

【解析】句意：感谢您申请我们公司的职位。公司目前没有职位空缺，

不过我们会将您的申请存档两个月。file文件；档案。onfile存档，记录

下来备查。pile大量；一堆。segment部分；切片；部门；线段。

sequence序列；顺序。

3．Theoxygenequipmentmadeitpossiblefortheclimberstorestandsleep

atveryhigh_____.

A.latitude

B.altitude

C.level

D.hemisphere

【答案】B

【解析】句意：氧气机使登山者能够在高海拔地区进行休息和睡眠。

altitude高度；高处；海拔。latitude纬度，纬度地区。level水平；标准。

hemisphere半球。

4．Nowthe_____portcitynearthemouthofthemightyYangtzeRiveris

hopingtoleaveitsrecordofturmoilbehindandrenewitsstatusasthe

epicenterofChinesemodernization.

A.flapped

B.congested

C.dined

D.dictated

【答案】B

【解析】句意：现在，这个位于长江附近的拥挤的港口城市期望能将曾

经动乱的历史抛在脑后，重新塑造中国现代化中心的地位。congest使充

满；使拥塞。congested拥挤的。flap拍打；拍动。dine进餐，用餐。

dictate命令；支配。

5．_____,hewouldnothaverecoveredsosoon.

A.Hadn’thebeentakengoodcareof

B.Hadhenotbeentakengoodcareof

C.Hadnothebeentakengoodcareof

D.Hadhebeennottakengoodcareof

【答案】B

【解析】句意：假如没有受到良好的照顾，他不会恢复的这么快。本题

考查虚拟语气，对过去情况的虚拟结构如下：sb/sthwould/could/should

havedonesth,ifsth/sbhad(not)donesth，其中可以将had提前，其它语序

不变，构成倒装句。所以选B。

6．MorethanonethirdoftheChineseimmigrantsintheUnitedStateslivein

California,_____,inSanFrancisco.

A.previously

B.predominantly

C.practically

D.permanently

【答案】B

【解析】句意：美国的中国移民中，三分之一的人居住在加利福尼亚

州，其中主要以旧金山为主。predominantly主要地；占主导地位地。

previously事先；以前。practically事实上；实用地。permanently永存

地；不变地。

7．Theveryessenceofcivillibertyconsistsintherightofeveryindividual

toclaimtheprotectionoflaws,_____hereceivesaninjury.

A.whenever

B.wherever

C.whereas

D.whichever

【答案】A

【解析】句意：公民自由的核心意义在与保证每个公民不论何时受到伤

害，都有权力寻求法律保护。whenever引导时间状语从句，表示“无论

何时”，等于nomatterwhen。wherever无论在哪。whereas然而；反之。

whichever无论哪一个。B、C、D均不符合句意。

8．The_____ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceof

somephysicalaspectsinthelifestyleofthepeople.

A.implementation

B.manifestation

C.demonstration

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】句意：文化现象的外在表现形式通常是人们某些实际生活方式

的自然结果。manifestation外在表现；表现形式。implementation贯彻；

实施。demonstration示范；实证。expedition远征；探险；考察。

9．The_____touristindustryhasbeenunpreparedfortheverylargenumber

ofvisitorswhoarenowcomingtoBritain.

A.recent-developing

B.recently-developed

C.recent-developing

D.recently-developing

【答案】D

【解析】句意：英国旅游业最近刚刚发展起来，还没有准备好迎接大量

来英游客。修饰形容词应该用副词，取recent的副词形式，排除A、C。

句中提到旅游业还没有准备好迎接游客，所以是正在发展，而不是已经

发展完成，B项中developed表示已经发展完成的，A项中developing表示

正在发展中，故选D。

10．Thetwinbrothersslippedoutoftheroomandheadedfortheswimming

poolwithouttheirparents’________.

A.command

B.conviction

C.consent

D.compromise

【答案】C

【解析】句意：双胞胎兄弟没有经过父母同意便溜出房间，奔向游泳

池。consent同意；许可。command命令，控制；博得，赢得。

conviction定罪；坚信，信服。compromise妥协；和解。

11．_____aboutthefoodintherestaurant,buthealsorefusedtopayforhis

meal.

A.Hedidnotonlycomplain

B.Notonlyhedidcomplain

C.Notonlydidhecomplain

D.Henotonlydidcomplain

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他不仅抱怨餐馆的饭菜，还拒绝为饭菜买单。not

only…butalso…不仅……而且，其中notonly可以提到句首构成倒装，

倒装的同时需要将分句的助动词/be动词提前，故选C。

12．Theprocessoffermentationis_____byaddingsugar.

A.furthered

B.precipitated

C.hurried

D.accelerated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：加糖可以提高发酵速度。accelerate使加速，加快。

further加深，增进。precipitate使突然发生；使突然发生。hurry赶紧；匆

忙。

13．_____,hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes.

A.Althoughmuchhelikesher

B.Muchalthoughhelikesher

C.Ashelikeshermuch

D.Muchashelikesher

【答案】D

【解析】句意：本题考查让步状语从句，as、though都可以引导让步状

语从句，但是只有as引导是从句可以倒装，结构是“形容词/副词+as+主

语+谓语动词”，故选D。

14．Whendecimalcurrencywasintroduced,oneoldmaninthevillagesaid,

“Idon’tthinkitwill_____roundhere.”

A.catchup

B.catchout

C.catchon

D.catchin

【答案】C

【解析】句意：十进制货币被引进的时候，村里的一个老人说：“我认

为它流行不起来。”catchon流行起来；理解，明白。catchup很快拾起；

缠住；赶上。catchout发觉；抓住某人的错处。catchin落入；陷于。

15．Thescientistcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisarguments

infavorofthenewtheory.

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】句意：科学家很难找到足够的依据来支撑自己关于新理论的观

点。grounds（依据）是用来支撑arguments（观点）的，这个意思如果

用动词不定式表达，应该为tobaseonfor，如果用从句表达，应该是on

whichtobase，所以选D。

16．TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(an)_____ofwordswhichare

comparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.

A.altitude

B.latitude

C.multitude

D.attitude

【答案】C

【解析】句意：英语中包含许多日常对话中相对很少用到的单词。

multitude多数，众多。altitude高度；高处；海拔。latitude纬度，纬度地

区。attitude态度。

17．Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftraining

andretrainingscheme,_____morewomentotakeadvantageofemployment

opportunities.

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意：随着空闲时间越来越多，工作方式越来越灵活，以及培

训和再培训项目的增多，越来越多的女性能够把握到就业机会。主语

是“Thegrowthof…retrainingscheme”，“morewomen”是宾语，“totake

advantageofemploymentopportunities”是宾语补足语，句子缺少谓语动

词，C项allowing是非谓语形式，故排除C。由于主语“thegrowth”是单数

形式，所以谓语动词应该用单数，排除A、B，选D。

18．Althoughhehashadnoformaleducation,heisoneofthe_____

businessmeninhiscompany.

A.shrewdest

B.sternest

C.nastiest

D.alertest

【答案】A

【解析】句意：虽然他没有受过正规教育，但却是公司最精明的生意人

之一。shrewd精明的；机灵的。stern严厉的；坚定的。nasty污秽的；险

恶的。alert警觉的；留心的。

19．Theheartis_____intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyareboth

controlledbythebrain.

A.notso

B.muchmore

C.notmore

D.nomore

【答案】D

【解析】句意：心脏并不比胃聪明，因为他们都受大脑的支

配。“than“的出现说明此处要用比较级，排除A。B项意思不符合句意。

nomore…than…是固定搭配，比起……来，并不……，排除C，选D。

20．NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcome

mostlyfrom_____onearththanbacteriaonMars.

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】句意：《科学》杂质上的一篇论文认为，岩石中的有机化学物

大多是地球上的污染物而非火星上的细菌所产生的。contamination污

染；致污物。configuration结构；配置。constitution宪法；体质；构造。

condemnation批评责难；（罪的）宣告。

21．Severaldecadesago,wealthypeoplelikedhuntingwildanimalsforfun

_____sightseeing.

A.ratherthantogo

B.morethangoing

C.otherthangoing

D.thantogo

【答案】B

【解析】句意：几十年前，相当于观光旅行，富人们更喜欢从打猎中获

取乐趣。这里把huntingwildanimals和goingsightseeing进行了对比，所

以要用比较级，主体结构是like…morethan…。所以选B.

22．Tensofthousandsofdiplomats,scientists,ecologistsand_____

hangers-onareexpectedtogatherindozensofauditoriumsfornearly400

officialandunofficialevents.

A.assorted

B.obedient

C.inaccessible

D.coarse

【答案】A

【解析】句意：数百万的外交家、科学家、生态学家和各式各样的追随

者将聚集在几十个会堂中参加近四百项官方和非官方的活动。assorted

组合的；各式各样的。obedient服从的；孝顺的。inaccessible难接近

的；难达成的。coarse粗糙的；粗俗的。

23．Asmyfatherisnot_____withthelanguage,hehasaskedmetoassume

theroleofprivatesecretaryandmeetyouonhisbehalf.

A.lounged

B.logged

C.acquainted

D.omitted

【答案】C

【解析】句意：由于我父亲不太熟悉这门语言，他要我担任他的私人秘

书，代表他与您会面。acquaint使了解，使熟知。beacquaintedwith熟

悉……。lounge闲荡；懒洋洋地躺卧；虚度光阴。伐（木）；log把……

记入航海日志。omit省略；遗漏。

24．—“MayIspeaktoyourmanagerMr.Cooperatthreeo’clockthisFriday

afternoon?”

—“I’msorry.Mr.Cooper_____toaconferencelongbeforethen.”

A.willhavegone

B.hadhavegone

C.wouldhavegone

D.hasgone

【答案】A

【解析】句意：“我可以在本周五下午三点同你的经理Cooper先生通话

吗？”“不好意思，Cooper先生在那之前将去参加一个会议。”这里考察

将来完成时的用法，结构为willhavedone…，故选C。

25．Confucianismhasevolvedintoacultureofrationalistictraditionalism,a

combinationoftraditional_____andgroupvirtueswithapragmatismshaped

bytheconditionsofanewcompetitiveenvironment.

A.helm

B.assault

C.filial

D.derivation

【答案】C

【解析】句意：儒教已经发展成为一种理性的传统文化，它将传统的孝

道、集体美德同新的竞争环境下形成的实用主义结合在一起。filial孝

顺。helm舵。assault攻击，袭击。derivation由来，出处。

26．Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial_____toits

burningtemperature.

A.isheated

B.willbeheated

C.beheated

D.wouldbeheated

【答案】C

【解析】句意：燃烧的一个要求是材料的温度达到着火点。表示“命

令”、“要求”等意思的词，如文中的“requirements”引导的宾语从句或表

语从句，从句谓语动词用原形。

27．Afteryearsofnegotiation,aninternationalagreementtoconserve_____

speciesandecosystemshasfinallybeenchanged.

A.ventilated

B.imperiled

C.utilized

D.modified

【答案】B

【解析】句意：通过多年的谈判，终于完成了对一项关于保护濒危物种

和生态系统的国际协约的修订。ventilated通风的。imperiled处于危险中

的。utilized被利用的。modified修改的，变更的。

28．NobodysawtheCEOattheseminar;he_____atit

A.couldn’thavespoken

B.couldn’tspeak

C.mustn’thavespoken

D.shouldn’thavespoken

【答案】A

【解析】句意：在研讨会上，没有人看到CEO，所以他不可能去参加了

研讨会。couldn’tdosth，不可能做某事（很有把握的猜测），由于句中

表示的是对过去情况的猜测，所以用couldn’thavedone结构，选A。

29．Thesepictureswillshowyou_____.

A.whatdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklike

B.whatourhigh-techincubatorlookslike

C.howdoesourhigh-techincubatorlooklike

D.howourhigh-techincubatorlookslike

【答案】B

【解析】句意：这些照片向我们展示了高科技保温箱的模样。

对“是……样子”提问方式为“Whatdo(es)sthlooklike”，排除C、D。宾

语从句应该用陈述句语序，排除A。故选B。

30．WithSchindler’sList,thetruestoryofaGermanbusinessmanwho

savedmorethan1O00JewsduringtheHolocaust,StevenAllanSpielberg

appearsdeterminedtoprovethathecanmakeamoviethatwill_____all

expectations.

A.fallshortof

B.liveupto

C.runcontraryto

D.getoutof

【答案】B

【解析】通过电影“辛德勒的名单”，史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格证明他可以制

作一个满足所有人期待的电影。“辛德勒的名单”讲述的是一个德国商人

在大屠杀中挽救了一千个犹太人性命的故事。liveupto符合，不辜负。

fallshortof达不到，未达到。runcontraryto违反；背道而驰。

II.ReadingComprehension(40points)

SectionOne:Readandmakethebestchoice(20points,2foreach)

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

fivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,C,D.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthen

markthecorrespondingontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Intermsofpurequantityofresearchanddebate,businessschoolshave

performedamazinglyinpromotingmanagementasadistinctiveactivity.No

otherdisciplinehasproducedasmuchinsuchashortperiod.Itisunclearyet

howmuchofitwillstandthetestoftime,butforsheerindustry,thebusiness

schooldeservecredit.Notadaygoesbywithoutanotherwaveofresearch

papers,books,articles,andjournals.

Intheseterms,schoolshaveproducedagenerallyacceptedtheoreticalbasis

formanagement.Whenitcomestoknowledgecreation,however,theyfind

themselvesindifficulties.Theyarecaughtbetweentheneedforacademic

rigourandforreal-worldbusinessrelevance,whichtendtopullinopposite

directions.Thedesiretoestablishmanagementasacredibledisciplineleads

toresearchthatpanderstotraditionalacademiccriteria.Theproblemfor

businessschoolresearchersisthattheyseektheapprovaloftheiracademic

peersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.IntheUnitedStatesthishasledto

thesortofgrand‘paperclipcounting’exercisesthatmeetdemandsfor

academicrigourbutfailtoaddoneiotatotherealsumofhumanknowledge.

Businessschoolshavetoooftenallowedtheconstraintsoftheacademic

worldtocloudtheirviewoftherealworld.Businessschoolresearchersseek

provabletheories—ratherthanhelpfultheories.Theyhavechampioneda

prescriptiveapproachtomanagementbasedonanalysisand,morerecently,

onfashionableideasthatsoondisappearintotheether.The‘onebestway’

approachencouragesresearcherstomouldtheidiosyncrasiesofmanagerial

realityintotheirtightlydefinedmodelsofbehaviour.Figuresandstatistics

arefittedintolinearequationsandtidymodels.Economistsandothersocial

scientistslabelthiscuresmoothing.Meanwhile,realitycontinuallyrefusesto

co-operate.

Centraltothisisthetensionbetweenrelevanceandrigour.Inaperfectworld,

therewouldbenoneedtochoosebetweenthetwo.Butinthebusinessschool

world,theneedtosatisfyacademiccriteriaandbepublishedinjournalsoften

tiltsthebalanceawayfromrelevance.Inotherwords,itisofteneasierto

pursuequantifiableobjectivesthanitistoaddanythingusefultothedebate

aboutmanagement.Toalargeextent,theentirebusinessschoolsystem

worksagainstuseful,knowledge-creatingresearch.Academicshavefive

yearsinwhichtoprovethemselvesiftheyaretomaketheacademicgrade.It

seemslongenough.Butitcantaketwooreventhreeyearstogetintoa

suitablejournal.Theythereforehavearoundthreeyears,probablyless,to

comeupwithanareaofinterestandcarryoutmeaningfulandoriginal

research.Thisisademandingtimescale.Thetemptationmustbetosliceup

olddatainnewwaysratherthanpursuegenuinelygroundbreaking,

innovativeresearch.

Itisacriticismalsomadebysomebusinessschoolinsiders.“Academic

journalstendtofindmoreandmoretechniquesfortestingmoreandmore

obscuretheories.Theyareaskingtrivialquestionsandansweringthem

exactly.Therehastobeabacklash,”saysJulianBirkinshawofLondon

BusinessSchool.Inlargepart,theproblemgoesbacktoatimewhen

businessschoolsweretryingtoestablishthemselves.Upuntilthe1960s,

Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedaspseudo-academicinstitutions,

includingtheuniversitiesofwhichtheyoftenformedapart,regardedthemas

alittlemorethanvocationalcolleges.Sincethen,mostoftheleadingschools

haveundergonemajorreassessmentsandintroducedsweepingchanges.

However,itisquestionablewhetherthosechangeshavegonefarenough.

1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphsuggestabouttheresearchgeneratedby

businessschools?

A.Itsqualityisvariable.

B.Itslastingvalueisuncertain.

C.Ithasalwaysbeenproducedtooquickly.

D.Ithashadnoinfluenceonmanagement.

2．Inparagraphtwo,thewriterarguesthatbusinessschoolresearch_____.

A.takesanegativeviewofthebusinesscommunity

B.hasfailedtogivecredibilitytomanagementasadiscipline

C.isdirectedatthewrongaudience

D.doesnotstanduptoacademicscrutiny

3．Inthesecondparagraph,thewritercriticizesthetheoriesofmanagement

producedbybusinessschoolsforbeing_____.

A.incomprehensible

B.contradictory

C.vague

D.inflexible

4．Inthethirdparagraph,thewritersaysthatthebusinessschoolsystem

causesacademicsto_____.

A.besatisfiedwithreinterpretingpreviousresearch

B.avoidcomplicatedbusinessissues

C.concentrateonverynarrowfieldsofstudy

D.focusontopicsnolongerrelevanttobusinessneeds

5．Whatdowelearnaboutbusinessschoolsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyarereluctanttoadmittofailings.

B.Theyresentcriticismoftheiracademicjournal.

C.Theyusedtobelookeddownonbyotherinstitutions.

D.Theyarecomfortablewiththecurrentsituation.

【答案与解析】

1．B句意：第一段中，作者认为商业学校进行的研究是否具有长期意

义，这一点还不确定。第一段第三句指出“Itisunclearyethowmuchofit

willstandthetestoftime”，即这些研究成果能否经得起时间考验还不确

定，故选B。

2．C句意：在第二段中，作者认为商业学校的研究选错了观众。第二

段第五句“Theproblemforbusinessschoolresearchersisthattheyseekthe

approvaloftheiracademicpeersratherthanthebusinesscommunity.”，指

出商业学校追求学术同行的认可，而非商界的认可，意思是他们选错了

受众，故选C。

3．D句意：第二段中，作者批评商业学校研究出的管理理论因循守

旧。第二段第四句中，作者指出商业学校为了把管理学建设成一个完整

的学科体系，而迎合传统的学术标准，所以是死板、不灵活的，选D。

4．B句意：第三段中，作者指出商业学校体系导致学术研究远离复杂

的商业问题。第三段第二句，作者认为商业学校专注于可以证明的理

论，并在第三句中指出他们的研究的基于分析和暂时出现的流行现象，

倒数第三句指出“Figuresandstatisticsarefittedintolinearequationsand

tidymodels.”，这些都说明他们分析的是简单的问题，而避免研究复杂

问题。

5．C我们可以从最后一段得出，商业学校曾经受到其他机构的歧视。

最后一段倒数第三句“…Americanbusinessschoolsweredismissedas

pseudo-academicinstitutions…regardedthemasalittlemorethanvocational

colleges.”，可以得出商业学校曾被认为是“伪科学机构”、“比职业院校

稍好一点”，故选C。

PassageTwo

Globalwarmingwasonceanuncommontermusedbyafewscientistswho

weregrowingconcernedovertheeffectsofdecadesofpollutiononlong-term

weatherpatterns.Today,theideaofglobalwarmingiswellknown,ifnot

wellunderstood.Itisnotunusualtohearsomeonecomplainingaboutahot

dayorafreakstormandremark,“It’sglobalwarming.”

GlobalwarmingisasignificantincreaseintheEarth’sclimatictemperature

overarelativelyshortperiodoftimeasaresultoftheactivitiesofhumans.

Inspecificterms,anincreaseof1ormoredegreesCelsiusinaperiodofone

hundredtotwohundredyearswouldbeconsideredglobalwarming.Overthe

courseofasinglecentury,anincreaseofeven0.4degreesCelsiuswouldbe

significant.

Mostscientistsrecognizethatglobalwarmingdoesseemtobehappening,

butafewdon’tbelievethatitisanythingtobeworriedabout.These

scientistssaythattheEarthismoreresistanttoclimatechangesonthisscale

thanwethink.Plantsandanimalswilladapttosubtleshiftsinweather

patterns,anditisunlikelyanythingcatastrophicwillhappenasaresultof

globalwarming.Slightlylongergrowingseasons,changesinprecipitation

levelsandstrongerweather,intheiropinion,arenotgenerallydisastrous.

Theyalsoarguethattheeconomicdamagecausedbycuttingdownonthe

emissionofgreenhousegaseswillbefarmoredamagingtohumansthanany

oftheeffectsofglobalwarming.

Inaway,thescientificconsensusmaybeamootpoint.Therealpowerto

enactsignificantchangerestsinthehandsofthosewhomakenationaland

globalpolicy.SomepolicymakersintheUnitedStatesarereluctantto

proposeandenactchangesbecausetheyfeelthecostsmayoutweighany

risksglobalwarmingposes.Somecommonconcerns,claimsandcomplaints

include:AchangeintheUnitedStates’policiesinemissionsandcarbon

productioncouldresultinalossofjobs;IndiaandChina,bothofwhich

continuetorelyheavilyoncoalfortheirmainsourceofenergy,willcontinue

tocauseenvironmentalproblemseveniftheUnitedStateschangesitsenergy

policies(criticsofthesepolicymakerspointoutthatthisapproachemploys

thetuquoquelogicalfallacy);Sincescientificevidenceisaboutprobabilities

ratherthancertainties,wecan’tbecertainthathumanbehavioris

contributingtoglobalwarming,thatourcontributionissignificant,orthatwe

candoanythingtofixit;Technologywillfindawaytogetusoutofthe

globalwarmingmess,soanychangeinourpolicieswillultimatelybe

unnecessaryandcausemoreharmthangood.

What’sthecorrectanswer?Itcanbehardtofigureout.Mostscientistswill

tellyouthatglobalwarmingisrealandthatitislikelytodosomekindof

harm,buttheextentoftheproblemandthedangerposedbyitseffectsare

wideopenfordebate.

Thoughscientistswarnthatglobalwarmingwilllikelycontinueforcenturies

becauseofthelongnaturalprocessesinvolved,thereareafewthingswecan

dotodecreasetheeffects.Basically,theyallboildowntothis:Don’tuseas

muchofthestuffthatcreatesgreenhousegases.Onalocallevel,youcan

helpbyusinglessenergy.Theelectricitythatoperatesmanyofthedevicesin

ourhomescomesfromapowerplant,andmostpowerplantsburnfossilfuels

togeneratethatpower.Turnofflightswhenthey’renotinuse.Takeshorter

showerstouselesshotwater.Useafaninsteadofanairconditionerona

warmday.

Herearesomeotherspecificwaysyoucanhelpdecreasegreenhouse-gas

emissions:Makesureyourcarisproperlytunedup.Thisallowsittorun

moreefficientlyandgeneratefewerharmfulgases;Walkorrideyourbikeif

possible,orcarpoolonyourwaytowork.Carsburnfossilfuel,sosmaller,

morefuel-efficientcarsemitlessCO2,particularlyhybridcars;Turnlights

andotherappliancesoffwhenyou’renotusingthem.Eventhoughalight

bulbdoesn’tgenerategreenhousegas,thepowerplantthatgeneratesthe

electricityusedbythelightbulbprobablydoes.Switchfromincandescent

lightbulbstofluorescentbulbs,whichuselessenergyandlastlonger;

Recycle.Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupinalandfill,generating

methane.Recycledgoodsalsorequirelessenergytoproducethanproducts

madefromscratch;Planttreesandotherplantswhereyoucan.Plantstake

carbondioxideoutoftheairandreleaseoxygen.Don’tburngarbage.This

releasescarbondioxideandhydrocarbonsintotheatmosphere.

Toreallystemtheemissionofgreenhousegases,weneedtodevelopnon-

fossilfuelenergysources.Hydro-electricpower,solarpower,hydrogen

enginesandfuelcellscouldallcreatebigcutsingreenhousegasesifthey

weretobecomemorecommon.

Attheinternationallevel,theKyototreatywaswrittentoreduceCO2and

othergreenhousegasemissionsworldwide.Thirty-fiveindustrializednations

havecommittedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.

Unfortunately,theUnitedStates,theworld’sprimaryproducerofgreenhouse

gases,didnotsignthetreaty.

InMarch,2007,formerVicePresidentAlGoretestifiedinfrontofCongress

andurgedthemtomakesomeverychallengingchangesinnationalpolicy.

Theseinclude:Freezecarbonproductionatthecurrentlevelandcreate

programstoreducecarbonproductionby90percentby2050;Shifttaxation

fromemploymentandproductiontoataxationuponpollution;Createan

internationaltreatythatwouldeffectivelycomplywiththeKyototreaty

withoutcarryingthesameperceivedpoliticalbaggage;Halttheconstruction

ofallnewcoal-basedpowerfacilitiesunlesstheycomplywithrestrictionson

carbonproduction;Increaseemissionstandardsacrosstheboardforboththe

automobileindustryandpowerfacilities;Banincandescentlightbulbs.Gore

admitsthatthedecisiontoenacttheseandotherproposedresponsestoglobal

warmingcanbedifficult.Healsosaysthatclimatechangeisnotjustacrisis,

butthemostimportantcrisismankindhaseverfaced.

6．Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthoragreewith?

A.Itisacommonbeliefinthescientificspherethatglobalwarmingwill

bringaboutsignificantresultontheplanetearth.

B.Itisresearchfindingsthatwillcontributemostlytotheeaseofglobal

warming.

C.Oneofthesolutionsforreducingglobalwarmingistoadoptthelandfill

forgarbagedisposal.

D.Thecitizenryshouldcooperateandcoordinatewellsoastofightagainst

globalwarming.

7．Theauthorcitedtheexampleoftheprobableresultforthechangeof

policyintheUnitedStates(paragraph5)inorderto_____.

A.indicatetheimpactforthealterationinUSpolicycanbesevere

B.pointoutthedifferenceinpoliciesadoptedinUSandthatinChinaand

India

C.explainwhythereareobstaclesintakingsomemeasuresagainstglobal

warming

D.convincethereadersitistooexpensivetostoptheglobalwarming

8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A.Globalwarminginvolvesalongprocesswhichwillcontinueforcenturies,

andwecandosomethingtodecreaseitseffects.

B.Developingcountriesareproducingmoreglobalwarmingthanthe

developedworld.

C.Variousnaturalphenomenasuchassolarradiationandvolcanoes

producedmostofthewarming.

D.Anincreaseinglobaltemperaturewillcausesealevelstoriseandwill

changetheamountandpatternofprecipitation,probablyincludingexpansion

ofsubtropicaldeserts.

9．Allofthefollowingarementionedinthispassageassolutionsemployed

inhaltingglobalwarmingEXCEPT______.

A.plantasmanyplantsaspossible

B.parkthecarhalfwayandthentakeawalktoyouroffice

C.useenergy-efficientappliancesratherthanthenormalones

D.turnoffalltheapplianceswhentheyarenotworking

10．WhatistrueofthenewinternationaltreatyproposedinAlGore’s

speech?

A.Itwillbearthesignatureofthirty-fiveindustrializednationswhohave

committedtoreducingtheiroutputofthosegasestovaryingdegrees.

B.ItisrevisedonthebasisofKyotoTreaty,whichmainlydealswithCO2

andgreenhousegasemission.

C.CertainarticlesintheKyotoTreatywillnotappearinthisnewtreatyto

easepoliticalburden.

D.Itisdifficulttobeverifiedduetothecurrentmethodsforestimating

greenhousegasemissions.

【答案与解析】

6．D第四段第一句，作者指出科学界对全球变暖仍为达成共识，排除

A。第五段第二句，说明缓解全球变暖的真正权力掌握在政策制定者手

中，排除B。倒数第四段提到“Garbagethatdoesn’tgetrecycledendsupin

alandfill,generatingmethane.”，指的是垃圾可以用来制造沼气，C项不

符合原文。文中作者介绍了许多可以全民参与的方法来缓解全球变暖趋

势，说明作者支持公民参与合作共同对抗这一问题，D项正确。

7．C句意：作者列举了美国政策变化可能引起的一些结果是为了说明

对抗全球变暖面临着很多阻碍。第五段第四句中，作者指出政策变化可

能引起的后果有失业等，这些不好的后果导致美国不想改变政策，也就

使对抗全球变暖面临阻碍。

8．A句意：文章暗示全球变暖是一个将持续几个世纪的长期过程，我

们可以采取一些措施来减轻它的危害。参见文章第七段第一句。

9．B参见文章第四段。“Planttreesandotherplantswhereyoucan

smaller…”，故A项符合原文。“…morefuel-efficientcarsemitless

CO2…”，故C项符合原文。“Turnlightsandotherappliancesoffwhen

you’renotusingthem.”，故D项也符合原文。选B。

10．B参见最后一段第二句子“…Createaninternationaltreatythatwould

effectivelycomplywiththeKyototreaty…”，故选B。

SectionTwo:Readandanswerquestion(20points,4foreachquestion)

Directions:Therearetwopassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

twoorthreequestions.Youshouldwriteyouranswertothequestionsonthe

AnswerSheet.

Passageone

In1762,Rousseau1publishedhisbookEmile,whichshookeducationtoits

veryfoundations.

Rousseaulaunchedthemoderneraofschooling,teaching,andlearning.

Beginningwithhiseducationalinsightsandfollowingwithpractices

developedbyJohannPestalozzi,educationshiftedtoawholenewsetof

assumptions.Trulywecouldsaythatmanbegantothinkofeducationfrom

thebottomup.Withthebeliefthatmanisbasicallygood,educationwasno

longerseenasaninstrumenttodisciplinethewill,suppresstheanimal

appetites,orsaveaworthlesssoul.Withthebeliefthatchildrendonotlearn

likeadults,thecontent,sequence,andapproachtosubjectmatterchanged.

Withanewappreciationforhowpeoplelearncame3anewappreciationfor

elementaryeducationandtheprofessionaltrainingofelementaryteachers.

Withtheriseofsuffrageandconcernforthecommonmancamethenotion

thatpracticaleducationcouldprovidesocialandeconomicopportunity.

Educationcouldalsohelpputmanincontrolofhisowndestiny.Inshort,

educationwasseentobeginatthebottom,basedonthenaturalandsocial

realitiesoftheworld.Manandhispracticalconcernswerethenewstarting

pointsintheeducationalquest.

IntheSocialContract4Rousseaueloquentlyexpressedhisbeliefthatmanis

naturallybornnobleandfree.Societyisartificial.Equalityandlibertyarethe

naturalrightsofman.

ForRousseautheproperconventionorsocialcontractwouldbeone5that

wouldpreservethenaturalrightstolife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.

Asocietyhastherighttooverthrowanyleader,government,orexternal

powerthatviolatesthisdem