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考研外语模拟卷8
一、UseofEnglish
1、Agaragethesedaysisahighlyprizedasset,likelyto
addasmuchas10%〜15%tothevalueofahouse,especiallyif
it'sinacrowdedsuburbwherestreetparkingisdifficult.
Itis(1)oneofthemostexpensiveadditionsyoucanmake.
Abrickdouble(2)withaninternalfloor(3)of350
squarefeetmightcost£8-9,000,thoughyoucould(4)
thatbybetweenaquarterandahalf(5)youuseddirect
labourorbuiltityourself.Forthesame(6)you(7)
have2extrabedroomsand.abathroom.(8)theprewardays
whensuburbangardenswere(9)thanahandkerchief,the
garagewas(10)asthemotorhouse”.Itusuallystoodat
the(11)ofthegardenasfarawayfromthe(12)as
possible.Nowadays,andnotjustfor(13)ofspace,we
(14)thegaragetobe(15)tothehouseorsometimes
eveninside(16)Normally,it(17)tobebig(18)
fortwocarsparkedsideby(19)thoughsomebuildersstill
cheatandprovideanose—to—tailunitwhichsavesonspacebut
isanuisanceto(20).
A.aswell
B.also
C.because
D.for
2、(2)
A.flat
B.house
C.garage
D.garden
3、(3)
A.carpet
B.area
C.road
D.ground
4、(4)
A.buy
B.increase
C.reduce
D.less
5、(5)
A.though
B.as
C.so
D.if
6、(6)
A.price
B.loan
C.space
D.car
7、⑺
A.may
B.will
C.should
D.could
8、(8)
A.In
B.While
C.When
D.For
9、(9)
A.smallest
B.small
C.larger
D.largest
43
10、(10)
A.called
B.known
C.know
D.call
IK(ID
A.middle
B.outside
C.front
D.bottom
12、(12)
A.house
B.home
C.road
D.car
13、(13)
A.reason
B.cause
C.because
D.caused
14、(14)
A.favour
4
B.prefer
C.hate
D.incline
15、(15)
A.alongside
B.beside
C.next
D.by
16、(16)
A.them
B.him
C.her
D.it
17、(17)
A.ought
B.must
C.has
D.should
18、(18)
A.room
B.enough
C.size
5
D.amount
19、(19)
A.side
B.beside
C.half
D.wall
20、(20)
A.use
B.build
C.park
D.know
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions
beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)
BasedonHinduscripturesthesystemofarrangedmarriagein
IndiawaswellestablishedduringtheFDICperiod(4000-1000
B.C.)andhasbeencloselyadheredtobythevastmajorityof
thepopulationsincethatperiod.Marriageisseenasan
indispensableeventinthelifeofaHinduandtheunmarried
personisviewedasincompleteandineligibleforparticipation
incertainsocialandreligiousactivities.
Thepracticeofarrangedmarriagecutsacrossallcastelines,
regionalboundariesandlanguagebarriersinIndia.Marriage
istreatedasanalliancebetweentwofamiliesratherthantwo
individuals.Inthecommonjointfamilyarrangementwhere
severalgenerationsarelivingtogether,theprospectivebride
isevaluatedonhersuitabilityaspartoftheentirefamily
environmentratherthanonlyasawifetoherhusband.Loveis
notviewedasanimportantelementinmateselectionnoris
courtshipthoughttobenecessaryfortestingtherelationship.
Infact,romanticloveisregardedasanuncontrollableand
explosiveemotionwhichinterfereswiththeuseofreasonand
logicindecision-making.Loveisthoughttobeadisruptive
elementsinceitimpliesatransferenceofloyaltyfromthe
familyoforientationtoanotherindividual.Thus,mate
selectionbyself-choiceisseenasendangeringthestability
oftheentirejointfamilysinceitcouldleadtotheselection
ofamateofunsuitabletemperamentorbackground.Guptahas
estimatedthatIndianmarriagesbasedonloveoccuramongless
thanonepercentofthepopulation.Criticallifedecisions,
suchaschoosingamate,aregenerallydeterminedby
responsiblemembersofthefamilyorkingroup,thusreflecting
theculturalemphasisonfeminismasopposedtofreedomofthe
individualandpursuanceofpersonalgoals.However,itis
anticipatedthatclosetiesandfeelingsofaffectionwill
developbetweenthecouplefollowingmarriage.
MostresearchonmodernfamilylifeinIndiasuggeststhatthere
hasbeenlittlechangeintheviewsofIndianstowardmarriage.
However,intheir1976studyofcollegestudents,Raefoundthat
anincreasingnumberofyoungadultsinIndiawishtohavemore
choiceintheselectionoftheirfuturemate,althoughthey
stillprefertheirparentstoarrangetheirmarriages.Cormack
(1961)alsostatesthatthecustomofprohibitingaprospective
couplefromseeingeachotheruntiltheirweddingdayis
becomingobsoleteinmosturbanareasandamong
college-educatedyouth.
ApproximatelywhatpercentageofthepopulationinIndiamost
probablyobservesthecustomofarrangedmarriage?
A.under30percent
B.50percent
C.55percent
D.over70percent
2、
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefoilowingbest
describesnormalIndianfamilies?
A.Grandparents,parents,andchildrenlivetogether
B.Ayoungcouplemusthaveenoughmoneytobeabletoafford
theirownhousewhentheygetmarriage
C.Everymemberofafamilyhasanequalvoiceinmaking
decisions
D.Relativesdonotinterfereineachother,saffairs
3、
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.ToHindus,marriageisimportantbutnotnecessary
B.Althoughfamilyisimportant,nooneexpectsyoungIndians
togiveuptheirownhappinessforthebenefitofthefamily
C.YoungIndiansdonottraditionallygoondateswiththeir
futurespouses
D.Althoughmanymarriagesarestillarranged,mostyoung
peoplenowadayschoosetheirmarriagepartneronthebasisof
love
4、
CuptahasestimatedthatIndianmarriagesbasedonloveoccur
amonglessthanonepercentofthepopulationbecause
A.marriageistreatedasanalliancebetweentwofamilies
ratherthantwoindividuals.
B.inafamily,thereareseveralgenerationslivingtogether
C.loveimpliesatransferenceofloyaltyfromoneindividual
toanother
D.youngcoupleswithoutlovewilldevelopfeelingsof
affectionaftermarriage
5、
Whatdoestheword"ineligible"inpara.1mean?
A.improper
B.unqualified
C.indecent
D.dangerous
6、PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywere
hauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthe
nation,seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Intheyears
following1820,afterseveraldecadesofrelativestability,
theeconomyenteredaperiodofsustainedandextremelyrapid
growththatcontinuedtotheendofthenineteenthcentury.
Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeatured
increasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthe
nation,slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingand
othernonagriculturalpursuits.
Althoughthebirthratecontinuedto,declinefromitshigh
leveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,the
populationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestof
thenineteenthcentury.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalso
changed.Massivewavesofimmigrationbroughtnewethnicgroups
intothecountry.Geographicandsocialmobility一downwardas
wellasupward一touchedalmosteveryone.Localstudies
indicatethatnearlythree-quartersofthepopulationinthe
NorthandSouth,intheemergingcitiesoftheNortheast,and
intherestlessruralcountiesoftheWestchangedtheir
residenceeachdecade.Asaconsequence,historianDavidDonald
haswritten,“Socialatomizationaffectedeverysegmentof
society”,anditseemedtomanypeoplethat"alltherecognized
valuesoforderlycivilizationweregraduallybeingeroded.”
Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityin
thenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomen
becausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.
Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidly
defined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Inthecontext
ofextremecompetitivenessanddizzyingsocialchange,the
householdlostmanyofitsearlierfunctionsandthehomecame
toserveasahavenoftranquilityandorder.Asthesizeof
familiesdecreased,therolesofhusbandandwifebecamemore
clearlydifferentiatedthaneverbefore.Inthemiddleclass
especially,menparticipatedintheproductiveeconomywhile
womenruledthehomeandservedasthecustodiansofcivility
andculture.Theintimacyofmarriagethatwascommoninearlier
periodswasrent,andagulfthatattimesseemedunbridgeable
wascreatedbetweenhusbandsandwives.
Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.TheeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesinthe
eighteenthcentury
B.Waysinwhicheconomicdevelopmentledtosocialchanges
intheUnitedStates
C.PopulationgrowthinthewesternUnitedStates
D.Theincreasingavailabilityofindustrialjobsforwomen
intheUnitesStates
7、
Accordingtothepassage,asthenineteenthcenturyprogressed,
thepeopleoftheUnitedStates
A.emigratedtoothercountries
B.oftensettledintheWest
C.tendedtochangetheplaceinwhichtheylived
D.hadahigherrateofbirththaneverbefore
8、
Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesocietyaboutwhich
DavidDonaldwrote?
A.Ahighlyconservativesocietythatwasresistanttonew
ideas
B.Asocietythatwasundergoingfundamentalchange
C.Asocietythathadbeengraduallychangingsincetheearly
1700s
D.Anomadicsocietythatwasstartingpermanentsettlements
9、
Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasanexampleofthe
socialchangesoccurringintheUnitedStatesafter
1821)?
A.Increasedsocialmobility
B.Increasedimmigration
C.Significantmovementofpopulation
D.Strongemphasisontraditionalsocialvalues
10、
Withwhichofthefollowingopinionswouldtheauthorbelikely
toagree?
A.Women,slivessignificantlyimprovedastheUnitedStates
economyexpanded
B.Womenhadmoreopportunitiesforemploymentinthewestern
UnitedStatesthaninotherregions
C.Thehomeafter1820wasasuperiorsocialentitytothat
oftheeighteenthcentury
D.Increasedsocialfragmentationnegativelyaffectedmiddle
classfamilylife
11、Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryfor
thetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapolice
officer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.
DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwave
ofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proud
Americanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.
Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatit
is:accountability.
Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateveryperson
isresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheir
consequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether一honesty,
kindness,andsoon-accountabilitymaybethemostimportant
ofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,no
law—andultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeople
whorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.
Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople's
behavior,arefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuch
asguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunately,therearestillcommunities—smallertowns,
usually一whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparents
holdupstandardsthatproclaim,Inthisfamilycertainthings
arenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,
theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhas
none,heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhat
hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehint.
Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftin
attitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,society
wasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it's
thecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhis
underprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhim
toread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoral
guidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.
Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantaged
circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.If
wefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,we
becomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneaccepts
responsibilityforanything.
WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthe
personwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.
Thewiseman,sremarkssuggestthat
A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceof
evil
B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothing
aboutit
C.it'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil
D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
12、
Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofa
crime______
A.societyistobeheldresponsible
B.modemcivilizationisresponsibleforit
C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame
D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
13、
Comparedwiththoseinsmall,towns,peopleinlargecities
have______
A.lessself-discipline
B.bettersenseofdiscipline
C.moremutualrespect
D.lesseffectivegovernment
14、
Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat
A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals
B.people'insmalltowns'stillsticktoolddisciplineand
standards
C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty
D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedin
criminalactivities
15、
Themainideaofthepassageisthat
A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsand
families
B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow
C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople,sbehavior
D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability
16^Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostof
petrolandthequickpaceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroads
arebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmen
becomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,
tohaveatigerinthetrunk,buttohaveoneinthedriver,s
seatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheodd
road-hog,therodeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthe
well-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherole.Perhaps
thesituationcallsfora'BeKindtoOtherDrivers,campaign,
otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.
Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.
Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto
resistthetemptationstorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilized
behavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalong
waytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlyand
orawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpoliteness
helpstocreateasatmosphereofgoodwillandtoleranceso
necessaryinmodemconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsof
politenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon't
evenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.
However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typical
examplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacarto
emergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,
whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthe
manwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathof
oncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesame
goesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverand
whenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighways
arenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.
Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwould
helpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotraffic
streamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthat
giverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modemmotoristscant
even-learntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsof
roadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthe
car-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-take
fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethe
messagetoheart.
Accordingtothepassage,troublesontheroadareprimarily
causedby
A.people,sattitudetowardstheroad-hog
B.therhythmofmodemlife
C.thebehavior,ofthedriver
D.trafficconditions
17、
Bysaying"youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...the
rode.”(Para.1)theauthorimpliesthat
A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists
B.rodedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally
C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog
D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityof
motorists
18、
Thewords"goodsense”(Para.2)probablymean
A.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably)
B.thedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultandsevere
conditions
C.thedriver,stoleranceofrodeorevensavagebehavior
D.thedriver'sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations
19、
Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownership
explosion,
A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice
B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother
C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves
D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespectto
others
20、
Inthewriter,sopinion,
A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded
B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly
C.rodedriversshouldbepunished
D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams
21、PartB(10points)
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For
Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、
C、D、E>F、G.)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.
Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe
gaps.(10points)
Japanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithwork,unlike
theircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993
surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountries,only10%of
theJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvalue,comparedwith
47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.
(41).
(42).DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993
showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingabout
supportingtheiragedparents,incontrastto63%ofyoung
Americans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanese
arelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseof
responsibilitytothefamily.(43).
TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismost
pronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafrom
theSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan,50%ofJapaneseyouth
aged16to19canbelabeled“self-centered”,comparedwith33%
amongthoseaged25to29.(44).
Diminishingsocialresponsibility,accordingtoYoshizaki,is
tiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonal
satisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom
1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehind
AmericanandAustralianstudents.(45).
YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapanese
youthisundergoingmajortransformation,buttheyounger
generationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemto
replacetheold.
A.Toearntheself-centeredlabel,theyoungpeopleresponded
positivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisions
withoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and'Idon,twantto
doanythingIcan'tenjoydoing.”
B.Comparewiththeoldgeneration,theyoungJapaneseseems
moretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard.
C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfresh,butlacksexperience
inworkandlife.
D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents,
overindulgenceoftheirchildren,materialaffluence,and
growingconcernforprivatematters.
E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning(减弱)amongyounger
Japaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction.
F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonal
satisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsociety,according
to1993datafromtheJapanesegovernment,whilefourtimesas
manyAmericanssaidso.
G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferred
easyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility.
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、PartC
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen
translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)
(46)ButbehindthedealisanotherHewlett-Packardambition:
toextendthereachofitsdominantprintingandimaging
division,whichregistered$20billioninsalesthisyear,43
percentoft
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