2023年考研外语模拟卷8

考研外语模拟卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、Agaragethesedaysisahighlyprizedasset,likelyto

addasmuchas10%〜15%tothevalueofahouse,especiallyif

it'sinacrowdedsuburbwherestreetparkingisdifficult.

Itis(1)oneofthemostexpensiveadditionsyoucanmake.

Abrickdouble(2)withaninternalfloor(3)of350

squarefeetmightcost£8-9,000,thoughyoucould(4)

thatbybetweenaquarterandahalf(5)youuseddirect

labourorbuiltityourself.Forthesame(6)you(7)

have2extrabedroomsand.abathroom.(8)theprewardays

whensuburbangardenswere(9)thanahandkerchief,the

garagewas(10)asthemotorhouse”.Itusuallystoodat

the(11)ofthegardenasfarawayfromthe(12)as

possible.Nowadays,andnotjustfor(13)ofspace,we

(14)thegaragetobe(15)tothehouseorsometimes

eveninside(16)Normally,it(17)tobebig(18)

fortwocarsparkedsideby(19)thoughsomebuildersstill

cheatandprovideanose—to—tailunitwhichsavesonspacebut

isanuisanceto(20).

A.aswell

B.also

C.because

D.for

2、(2)

A.flat

B.house

C.garage

D.garden

3、(3)

A.carpet

B.area

C.road

D.ground

4、(4)

A.buy

B.increase

C.reduce

D.less

5、(5)

A.though

B.as

C.so

D.if

6、（6）

A.price

B.loan

C.space

D.car

7、⑺

A.may

B.will

C.should

D.could

8、（8）

A.In

B.While

C.When

D.For

9、（9）

A.smallest

B.small

C.larger

D.largest

43

10、(10)

A.called

B.known

C.know

D.call

IK(ID

A.middle

B.outside

C.front

D.bottom

12、(12)

A.house

B.home

C.road

D.car

13、(13)

A.reason

B.cause

C.because

D.caused

14、(14)

A.favour

4

B.prefer

C.hate

D.incline

15、(15)

A.alongside

B.beside

C.next

D.by

16、(16)

A.them

B.him

C.her

D.it

17、(17)

A.ought

B.must

C.has

D.should

18、(18)

A.room

B.enough

C.size

5

D.amount

19、(19)

A.side

B.beside

C.half

D.wall

20、(20)

A.use

B.build

C.park

D.know

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

BasedonHinduscripturesthesystemofarrangedmarriagein

IndiawaswellestablishedduringtheFDICperiod(4000-1000

B.C.)andhasbeencloselyadheredtobythevastmajorityof

thepopulationsincethatperiod.Marriageisseenasan

indispensableeventinthelifeofaHinduandtheunmarried

personisviewedasincompleteandineligibleforparticipation

incertainsocialandreligiousactivities.

Thepracticeofarrangedmarriagecutsacrossallcastelines,

regionalboundariesandlanguagebarriersinIndia.Marriage

istreatedasanalliancebetweentwofamiliesratherthantwo

individuals.Inthecommonjointfamilyarrangementwhere

severalgenerationsarelivingtogether,theprospectivebride

isevaluatedonhersuitabilityaspartoftheentirefamily

environmentratherthanonlyasawifetoherhusband.Loveis

notviewedasanimportantelementinmateselectionnoris

courtshipthoughttobenecessaryfortestingtherelationship.

Infact,romanticloveisregardedasanuncontrollableand

explosiveemotionwhichinterfereswiththeuseofreasonand

logicindecision-making.Loveisthoughttobeadisruptive

elementsinceitimpliesatransferenceofloyaltyfromthe

familyoforientationtoanotherindividual.Thus,mate

selectionbyself-choiceisseenasendangeringthestability

oftheentirejointfamilysinceitcouldleadtotheselection

ofamateofunsuitabletemperamentorbackground.Guptahas

estimatedthatIndianmarriagesbasedonloveoccuramongless

thanonepercentofthepopulation.Criticallifedecisions,

suchaschoosingamate,aregenerallydeterminedby

responsiblemembersofthefamilyorkingroup,thusreflecting

theculturalemphasisonfeminismasopposedtofreedomofthe

individualandpursuanceofpersonalgoals.However,itis

anticipatedthatclosetiesandfeelingsofaffectionwill

developbetweenthecouplefollowingmarriage.

MostresearchonmodernfamilylifeinIndiasuggeststhatthere

hasbeenlittlechangeintheviewsofIndianstowardmarriage.

However,intheir1976studyofcollegestudents,Raefoundthat

anincreasingnumberofyoungadultsinIndiawishtohavemore

choiceintheselectionoftheirfuturemate,althoughthey

stillprefertheirparentstoarrangetheirmarriages.Cormack

(1961)alsostatesthatthecustomofprohibitingaprospective

couplefromseeingeachotheruntiltheirweddingdayis

becomingobsoleteinmosturbanareasandamong

college-educatedyouth.

ApproximatelywhatpercentageofthepopulationinIndiamost

probablyobservesthecustomofarrangedmarriage?

A.under30percent

B.50percent

C.55percent

D.over70percent

2、

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefoilowingbest

describesnormalIndianfamilies?

A.Grandparents,parents,andchildrenlivetogether

B.Ayoungcouplemusthaveenoughmoneytobeabletoafford

theirownhousewhentheygetmarriage

C.Everymemberofafamilyhasanequalvoiceinmaking

decisions

D.Relativesdonotinterfereineachother,saffairs

3、

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.ToHindus,marriageisimportantbutnotnecessary

B.Althoughfamilyisimportant,nooneexpectsyoungIndians

togiveuptheirownhappinessforthebenefitofthefamily

C.YoungIndiansdonottraditionallygoondateswiththeir

futurespouses

D.Althoughmanymarriagesarestillarranged,mostyoung

peoplenowadayschoosetheirmarriagepartneronthebasisof

love

4、

CuptahasestimatedthatIndianmarriagesbasedonloveoccur

amonglessthanonepercentofthepopulationbecause

A.marriageistreatedasanalliancebetweentwofamilies

ratherthantwoindividuals.

B.inafamily,thereareseveralgenerationslivingtogether

C.loveimpliesatransferenceofloyaltyfromoneindividual

toanother

D.youngcoupleswithoutlovewilldevelopfeelingsof

affectionaftermarriage

5、

Whatdoestheword"ineligible"inpara.1mean?

A.improper

B.unqualified

C.indecent

D.dangerous

6、PeopleintheUnitedStatesinthenineteenthcenturywere

hauntedbytheprospectthatunprecedentedchangeinthe

nation，seconomywouldbringsocialchaos.Intheyears

following1820,afterseveraldecadesofrelativestability,

theeconomyenteredaperiodofsustainedandextremelyrapid

growththatcontinuedtotheendofthenineteenthcentury.

Accompanyingthatgrowthwasastructuralchangethatfeatured

increasingeconomicdiversificationandagradualshiftinthe

nation，slaborforcefromagriculturetomanufacturingand

othernonagriculturalpursuits.

Althoughthebirthratecontinuedto,declinefromitshigh

leveloftheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,the

populationroughlydoubledeverygenerationduringtherestof

thenineteenthcentury.Asthepopulationgrew,itsmakeupalso

changed.Massivewavesofimmigrationbroughtnewethnicgroups

intothecountry.Geographicandsocialmobility一downwardas

wellasupward一touchedalmosteveryone.Localstudies

indicatethatnearlythree-quartersofthepopulationinthe

NorthandSouth,intheemergingcitiesoftheNortheast,and

intherestlessruralcountiesoftheWestchangedtheir

residenceeachdecade.Asaconsequence,historianDavidDonald

haswritten,“Socialatomizationaffectedeverysegmentof

society”,anditseemedtomanypeoplethat"alltherecognized

valuesoforderlycivilizationweregraduallybeingeroded.”

Rapidindustrializationandincreasedgeographicmobilityin

thenineteenthcenturyhadspecialimplicationsforwomen

becausethesechangestendedtomagnifysocialdistinctions.

Astherolesmenandwomenplayedinsocietybecamemorerigidly

defined,sodidtherolestheyplayedinthehome.Inthecontext

ofextremecompetitivenessanddizzyingsocialchange,the

householdlostmanyofitsearlierfunctionsandthehomecame

toserveasahavenoftranquilityandorder.Asthesizeof

familiesdecreased,therolesofhusbandandwifebecamemore

clearlydifferentiatedthaneverbefore.Inthemiddleclass

especially,menparticipatedintheproductiveeconomywhile

womenruledthehomeandservedasthecustodiansofcivility

andculture.Theintimacyofmarriagethatwascommoninearlier

periodswasrent,andagulfthatattimesseemedunbridgeable

wascreatedbetweenhusbandsandwives.

Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.TheeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesinthe

eighteenthcentury

B.Waysinwhicheconomicdevelopmentledtosocialchanges

intheUnitedStates

C.PopulationgrowthinthewesternUnitedStates

D.Theincreasingavailabilityofindustrialjobsforwomen

intheUnitesStates

7、

Accordingtothepassage,asthenineteenthcenturyprogressed,

thepeopleoftheUnitedStates

A.emigratedtoothercountries

B.oftensettledintheWest

C.tendedtochangetheplaceinwhichtheylived

D.hadahigherrateofbirththaneverbefore

8、

Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthesocietyaboutwhich

DavidDonaldwrote?

A.Ahighlyconservativesocietythatwasresistanttonew

ideas

B.Asocietythatwasundergoingfundamentalchange

C.Asocietythathadbeengraduallychangingsincetheearly

1700s

D.Anomadicsocietythatwasstartingpermanentsettlements

9、

Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasanexampleofthe

socialchangesoccurringintheUnitedStatesafter

1821)?

A.Increasedsocialmobility

B.Increasedimmigration

C.Significantmovementofpopulation

D.Strongemphasisontraditionalsocialvalues

10、

Withwhichofthefollowingopinionswouldtheauthorbelikely

toagree?

A.Women,slivessignificantlyimprovedastheUnitedStates

economyexpanded

B.Womenhadmoreopportunitiesforemploymentinthewestern

UnitedStatesthaninotherregions

C.Thehomeafter1820wasasuperiorsocialentitytothat

oftheeighteenthcentury

D.Increasedsocialfragmentationnegativelyaffectedmiddle

classfamilylife

11、Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryfor

thetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapolice

officer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwave

ofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proud

Americanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.

Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatit

is:accountability.

Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateveryperson

isresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheir

consequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether一honesty,

kindness,andsoon-accountabilitymaybethemostimportant

ofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,no

law—andultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeople

whorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.

Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople's

behavior,arefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuch

asguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunately,therearestillcommunities—smallertowns,

usually一whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparents

holdupstandardsthatproclaim,Inthisfamilycertainthings

arenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,

theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhas

none,heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhat

hewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehint.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftin

attitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,society

wasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it's

thecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:byhis

underprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhim

toread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoral

guidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.

Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantaged

circumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.If

wefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,we

becomeasocietyofendlessexcuseswherenooneaccepts

responsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthe

personwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

Thewiseman，sremarkssuggestthat

A.it'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceof

evil

B.it'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothing

aboutit

C.it'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

D.it'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

12、

Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofa

crime______

A.societyistobeheldresponsible

B.modemcivilizationisresponsibleforit

C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

13、

Comparedwiththoseinsmall,towns,peopleinlargecities

have______

A.lessself-discipline

B.bettersenseofdiscipline

C.moremutualrespect

D.lesseffectivegovernment

14、

Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat

A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

B.people'insmalltowns'stillsticktoolddisciplineand

standards

C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedin

criminalactivities

15、

Themainideaofthepassageisthat

A.stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsand

families

B.moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

C.morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople,sbehavior

D.morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

16^Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostof

petrolandthequickpaceofmodemlife,butmannersontheroads

arebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmen

becomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisallverywell,again,

tohaveatigerinthetrunk,buttohaveoneinthedriver,s

seatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheodd

road-hog,therodeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthe

well-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherole.Perhaps

thesituationcallsfora'BeKindtoOtherDrivers，campaign,

otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.

Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriversto

resistthetemptationstorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilized

behavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalong

waytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlyand

orawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpoliteness

helpstocreateasatmosphereofgoodwillandtoleranceso

necessaryinmodemconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsof

politenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon't

evenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typical

examplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacarto

emergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,

whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthe

manwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathof

oncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesame

goesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverand

whenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighways

arenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwould

helpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotraffic

streamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthat

giverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modemmotoristscant

even-learntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsof

roadsmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthe

car-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-take

fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethe

messagetoheart.

Accordingtothepassage,troublesontheroadareprimarily

causedby

A.people,sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodemlife

C.thebehavior,ofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

17、

Bysaying"youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...the

rode.”(Para.1)theauthorimpliesthat

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rodedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityof

motorists

18、

Thewords"goodsense”(Para.2)probablymean

A.thedriver'sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably)

B.thedriver'spromptresponsetodifficultandsevere

conditions

C.thedriver,stoleranceofrodeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver'sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

19、

Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownership

explosion,

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespectto

others

20、

Inthewriter,sopinion,

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rodedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

C、D、E>F、G.)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Japanesestudentsseemtobelosingpatiencewithwork,unlike

theircounterpartsintheUnitedStatesandKorea.Ina1993

surveyofcollegestudentsinthethreecountries,only10%of

theJapaneseregardedworkasaprimaryvalue,comparedwith

47%oftheirKoreancounterpartsand27%ofAmericanstudents.

(41).

(42).DatacollectedbytheJapanesegovernmentin1993

showsthatonly23%ofJapaneseyoutharethinkingabout

supportingtheiragedparents,incontrastto63%ofyoung

Americans.Itappearsthatmanyyounger-generationJapanese

arelosingbothrespectfortheirparentsandasenseof

responsibilitytothefamily.(43).

TheshifttowardindividualismamongJapaneseismost

pronouncedamongtheveryyoung.Accordingto1991datafrom

theSeimeiHokenBunkaCenterofJapan,50%ofJapaneseyouth

aged16to19canbelabeled“self-centered”,comparedwith33%

amongthoseaged25to29.(44).

Diminishingsocialresponsibility,accordingtoYoshizaki,is

tiedtothegrowinginterestinpleasureandpersonal

satisfaction.Astudycomparingsociety-consciousyouthfrom

1977to1990foundthattheJapanesehadslippedfarbehind

AmericanandAustralianstudents.(45).

YoshizakiconcludesthattheentirevaluesystemofJapanese

youthisundergoingmajortransformation,buttheyounger

generationhasnotyetfoundaneworganizedvaluesystemto

replacetheold.

A.Toearntheself-centeredlabel,theyoungpeopleresponded

positivelytosuchideasas"Iwouldliketomakedecisions

withoutconsideringtraditionalvalues"and'Idon，twantto

doanythingIcan'tenjoydoing.”

B.Comparewiththeoldgeneration,theyoungJapaneseseems

moretoenjoyliferatherthanworkhard.

C.Japaneseyouthisvigorousandfresh,butlacksexperience

inworkandlife.

D.AuthorYoshizakiattributesthechangetoJapaneseparents，

overindulgenceoftheirchildren,materialaffluence,and

growingconcernforprivatematters.

E.Concernforfamilyvaluesiswaning(减弱)amongyounger

Japaneseastheypursueaninnerworldofprivatesatisfaction.

F.Only11%ofJapaneseaged18to24saidtheygetpersonal

satisfactionindoingsomethingonbehalfofsociety,according

to1993datafromtheJapanesegovernment,whilefourtimesas

manyAmericanssaidso.

G.AgreaterproportionofJapaneseaged18to24alsopreferred

easyjobswithoutheavyresponsibility.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

(46)ButbehindthedealisanotherHewlett-Packardambition:

toextendthereachofitsdominantprintingandimaging

division,whichregistered$20billioninsalesthisyear,43

percentoft