新教材适用2023-2024学年高中英语Unit4SharingSectionⅠReadingandThinking学案新人教版选择性必修第四册

单元重点回顾Ⅰ.重点单词1．extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长→extensionn．伸展，扩大；延长，延期→extendedadj.延长了的；扩展了的→extensiveadj.广阔的，广大的；范围广泛的①extendinto...扩大或延长到……②extendoversth.(使)持续，延续③extend(...)tosth.(使)达到，伸展到2．negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商→negotiationn．协商，谈判；转让；通过→negotiatorn．磋商者；交涉者；交易者①negotiatesth.协商某事②negotiateadeal/contract/treaty/settlement达成交易/确立合同/商定条约内容/商定解决措施③negotiatewithsb.for/aboutsth.与某人协商某事④undernegotiation在商讨之中3．withdrawvt.取(款)；收回(说过的话)vt.&vi.(使)撤回；撤离；撤退→withdrawaln．收回，取回，撤回；不再参加，退出(组织)；取款①withdrawsth./sb.fromsth.从某事中撤离某物/某人②withdrawsth./sb.撤离某物/某人③withdrawfrom退出；撤回④withdrawaschool/one'soffice退学/辞职4．bondn.纽带；关系；黏合剂vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合①bondbetweenAandBA与B的关系/纽带②bondAandB(together)把A和B联系在一起③bondAtoB把A和B联系在一起④bondwithsb.增强与某人的信任关系；建立与某人的互信关系5．meanwhileadv.与此同时；(比较两方面)对比之下n．其间；其时①inthemeanwhile(＝inthemeantime)在此期间，与此同时②forthemeanwhile一会儿；暂时③atthesametime同时6．mercyn.仁慈；宽恕；怜悯→mercifuladj.仁慈的；宽大的→mercilessadj.无慈悲心的；无情的；残忍的①havemercyon/upon对……仁慈②showmercytosb.怜悯某人③begformercy乞求宽大④withoutmercy无情地⑤atthemercyof任……摆布，在……前毫无办法⑥bemercifulto对……仁慈7．possessionn．[usuallypl.]个人财产；拥有；控制→possessvt.拥有；具有；支配①inpossessionofsth.占有(或拥有)某物②inthepossessionofsb.为某人所有③inone'spossession为某人所有④gain/get/take/havepossessionof占有；拥有；占领⑤bepossessedofsth.具有(某种品质或特征)⑥bepossessedwith/by...被……控制8．logvt.把……载入正式记录；记录n．正式记录；日志；原木①loginto登录②login/on登录，注册，进入(计算机系统)③logsb.in/on让某人登录，使注册，使进入(计算机系统)④logoff/out注销；退出(计算机系统)⑤logsb.off/out使注销；使退出(计算机系统)9．arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止①arrestsb.for...因……而逮捕某人②getarrested...被逮捕③arrestone'sattention...引起某人的注意④underarrest在关押中⑤makeanarrest进行拘捕Ⅱ.重点短语1.searchfor搜索，搜寻①searchsp.forsth.在某地搜寻某物②searchsb.forsth.为了某物搜某人身③insearchof＝inone'ssearchfor搜寻2.setsail起航；开航①setfooton/in踏上；踏足；踏进②setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事③setoff出发，动身；点燃，引爆；引发④setout出发，动身；陈述；摆放⑤setdown放下；写下，记下⑥setup创建，建立，建起⑦setaside把……放一边；预留出3.inreturnfor作为……的报答/交换①inreturn(＝inreward)回报；作为报答②inturn因此；因而；反过来；依次；轮流③onone'sreturn某人一回来④returnsth.tosb.＝returnsb.sth.归还某人某物⑤returnto...回到……4.inhand在手头；可供使用①shakehands握手②givesb.ahand帮助某人③athand在手边；即将到来④byhand用手；靠人工⑤handinhand手拉手；连在一起的；密切关联⑥handdown传下去⑦handout分发⑧handover把……交给⑨handin上交5.tellapart辨别；区分①takeapart拆开，拆卸②tearapart撕毁，撕碎；分开，分裂③fallapart崩溃；散架，瓦解④apartfrom...除……之外6.behometo是……的栖息地/家园；是……的产地/所在地①athome在家里；在国内；舒适的，不拘束的②feelathome感觉舒适自在③makeoneselfathome别拘束7.takeaction采取行动；采取措施①takeimmediateaction立即采取行动②takelegalaction采取法律手段③“采取措施”的其他表达：takemeasurestakesteps8.amountsof许多，大量(接不可数名词)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(largeamountsof＋不可数名词＋复数谓语动词,alargeamountof＋不可数名词＋单数谓语动词))“许多，大量”的其他表达：(1)只修饰可数名词复数的：many,agreat/goodmany,agreat/largenumberof,quiteafew(2)只修饰不可数名词的：much,agreat/gooddealof(3)既可以修饰不可数名词又可以修饰可数名词复数的：alotof,lotsof,aquantityof,quantitiesof,plentyof以下短语接名词作主语时应注意谓语动词的单复数形式：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(alargequantityof＋不可数名词＋单数谓语,alargequantityof＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语,largequantitiesof＋不可数名词/可数名词复数,＋复数谓语,manya/an＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语,anumberof＋可数名词复数＋复数谓语))Ⅲ.重点句型1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.完成世界的伟大地图是早期文明人民的一种强烈激情。(不定式作主语)2．Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.在古代，中国的丝绸经由一条陆路运到印度、中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。(what引导名词性从句)3．Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures.来自中国和许多其他地方的商人在这里相遇，商谈贸易，这也导致了对彼此文化的更多认识。(定语从句)4．Overthecenturies,furthertradingallowedmoreexplorationoftheregionstothewestofChina,asrecordedinDuHuan'sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury.几个世纪以来，贸易的进一步发展使更多对中国西部地区的探索活动得以进行，这一点在8世纪杜环的《经行记》中有所记载。(非限制性定语从句)5.Fromascientificpointofview,thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.从科学角度看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。(thereisanurgentneedtodo...)6．Plasticpollutionisalsobad,killingmanybirdsandfish,andhasevenbeenfoundinourtapwater.塑料污染也很严重，杀死了许多鸟和鱼，甚至在我们的自来水中被发现。(非谓语作状语)7.Miningforresourcesisverydamaging,especiallyintheArctic.开采资源是非常有害的，特别是在北极。(非谓语作主语)8.Althoughthiswasbannedin1982,somecountriesarestill“murdering”theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.虽然这在1982年就被禁止了，但一些国家仍然在毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。(although)9．Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。(sothat)10．Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.随着技术的进步，我们有望可以有更多的选择来实现这种平衡。(as引导时间状语从句)时文阅读新发现：地球最大海草生态系统(选自)语篇导读：海草床是许多海洋生物重要的育幼地和觅食地。它可以吸收和储存大量的碳，是重要的“蓝碳”资源，对缓解气候危机具有重要作用。据近期报道，在虎鲨的协助下，科学家在巴哈马海域发现了世界上最大的海草生态系统。这一发现使地球已知的海草床总面积增加了40%以上。Seagrassmeadows(海草床)arewonderplantsgrowingbeneaththesea.Theyfeedandsheltersealifeandaremasterfulatstoringcarbon.Thankstotheassistanceoftigersharks,ahugeseagrassmeadowintheBahamasBankswasrecentlydiscovered,offeringtheworldatooltofightclimatechange.SeagrasshasusuallybeendetectedbyEarth-orbitingsatellitesthatidentifydarkerpatchesinthebluewater.Inthisstudy,tigersharkswereselectedasresearchtoolsduetotheirhighlyconsistentassociationswithseagrassecosystems.Theyspend70%oftheirtimeinseagrassmeadows.Theteamequippedeighttigersharkswithsatellitetags,sevensharkswithcameratags,anduseda360-degreecameraonasharkforthefirsttimeever.Thedataresearcherscollectedwasastonishing.Theworld'slargestseagrassecosystem,measuringatleast66,900squarekilometers,hasbeendiscovered.Thisreflectsa41%increasefrompreviousestimatesofglobalseagrass.Seagrasscancapture(捕获)hugequantitiesofcarbonbyphotosynthesisandstoresitontheseafloor.Intermsofclimatechange,thisisexcellentnews;seagrassis35timesfasteratremovingcarbonthantropicalrainforests.Whenreferredtoglobalseagrasscarbonstockestimates,thestudyindicatesthatseagrassintheBahamasmaycontain19.2%to26.3%ofallthecarbonstoredinseagrassmeadowsonEarth.Yetseagrassmeadowsarerapidlydisappearing,withover92%ofmeadowsintheUKgone,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund.Scientistsarecollectingseedsandtryingtogrownewseagrassmeadowsthroughrestorationprojects.Thisnewdiscoveryoffersoptimismandprovestheimportanceoftheoceanforhealing.ThesharksledustotheseagrassecosystemintheBahamas,whichwenowknowislikelythemostsignificantbluecarbonsinkontheplanet.Whatthisdiscoveryshowsusisthatoceanexplorationandresearchareessentialforahealthyfuture.Theuntappedpotentialoftheoceanislimitless.Thesemeadowscanbeprotectedandcanbereplicated,offeringhopeforclimatechangearoundtheglobe.1.Whyweretigersharkschosenasresearchtools?DA．Theyaremoreflexiblethanotherseaanimals.B．Theycanquicklyadjustthemselvestothedeepsea.C．Theycanbeeasilyequippedwithexperimentaldevices.D．Theyhaveastrongconnectionwithseagrassecosystems.2.WhatarethenumbersinParagraph3mainlyabout?DA．Thedeclineofglobalseagrassmeadows.B．Theimpactofclimatechangeonsealife.C．TherapidincreaseintheamountofcarbononEarth.D．Thepotentialvalueoftheworld'slargestseagrassecosystem.3.Whatarescientistsdoingtoprotectseagrass?A