医学博士英语全国统考试卷2003

2003part=2\*ROMANII31.Sometimesyoucangetquite_____whenyouaretryingtocommunicatewithsomeoneinEnglish.A.frustrated失败的,落空的B.depressed沮丧的,降低的C.approved被认可的D.distracted心烦意乱的32.Thecompanyhas____itselftoapolicyofequalopportunityforall.A.promisedB.committedcommitoneselfto委身于，专心致志于C.attributedattributesth.to认为某事物是...的属性;把某事物归功于;认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted33.Ihaven’tmetanyone____thenewtaxplan.A.inhonorofB.insearchofC.inplaceofD.infavorof34.Salkwon____asthescientistwhodevelopedtheworld’sfirsteffectivevaccineagainstpolio.A.accomplishmentagirlofmanyaccomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Amongheraccomplishmentsweresewing,cooking,playingthepianoanddancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。B.qualificationadmissionqualification入学资格physicalqualifications身体条件C.eminencewin[reach]eminenceasaninventor成为卓越的发明家amanofeminence名人D.patent35.Thissoftwarecanbe____totheneedsofeachcustomer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedvt.使必需,使蒙受,使承担,遗传给entailgreatexpenseonsb.使某人承担大笔费用entail...onsb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomedbeaccustomedto习惯于accustomoneselfto使自己习惯于;养成...的习惯36.Theaveragecommercialbusinesscanshutdowninsuchanemergemcybutahospitaldoesn’tdare,forlivesare____A.incirculation流通者;传播者B.underconsideration在考虑之中C.onhand在手头,即将发生,在场;在手头,在手边;现有D.atstake危如累卵,危险37.Asweneedplain,____foodforthebody,sowemusthaveseriousreadingforthemind.A.wholesome卫生的,有益的,健康的,有益健康的wholesomeair新鲜空气awholesomefood有益健康的食品B.dietC.tastefulD.edibleediblefat食用油脂38.Henevergavemuchthoughttotheadditionalkiloramshehad____lately.A.shownup揭露,露出,露面B.piledup堆积,积累,搁浅,撞毁C.putonD.takenon披上,呈现,具有,雇用,承担,盛气凌人,接纳,流行39.Theteachertriedhardtoread____handwritinginherstudents’stestpapers.A.irregularB.illiterateC.illegible难辨认的,字迹模糊的illegal.违法的,不合规定的D.irrational无理性的,失去理性的40.Acoronarydiseaseisthewidely-usedterm____insufficiencyofbloodsupplytotheheart.A.denoting指示,表示quickpulseoftendenotesfever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。B.donatingC.relatingD.resortingresortvi.求助,诉诸,采取(某种手段等),常去n.凭借,手段,常去之地,胜地resorttotheseaside常去海滨resorttoallkindsofmethods采取一切办法I'msorryyouhaveresortedtodeception.我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。41.Humansareusinguptheworld’snaturalrichesatanalarmingrate.alarming.使人惊动的,令人担忧的A.appalling令人震惊的,骇人听闻的B.appealing吸引人的,哀诉似的,恳求似的C.alert提防的,警惕的D.abnormal42.Dringwaterinmanyareasofthedevelopingworldiscontaminatedwithbacteria.A.purifiedB.multiplied繁殖,增加;乘multiply8by4以4乘8Efficiencywouldbe-liedseveraltimes.效率将提高好几倍。C.taintedD.blendedblendmilkwithwater用水搀杂牛奶43.OneofthemostnoticeablefeaturesofU.Ssocietyisthediversityofitspeople.A.libertyB.democracyC.vatietyD.origin44.ThecontroversyaboutabortionhasbeengoingonintheUnitedStatesformorthantwentyyears.controversy.n.论争,辩论,论战thescientificcontroversy科学上的论争beinacontroversywithsb.onsth.和某人就某事进行论战giverisetomuchcontroversy引起许多争论A.resentmentn.怨恨,愤恨B.consensusn.一致同意,多数人的意见,舆论C.notionn.概念,观念,想法,意见,打算,主张,(复数)<美语>小饰物haveagoodnotionof很懂得haveanotionthat...认为havenonotionof不明白;完全不懂;没有...的意思[想法]D.disputewithoutdispute无争论余地;的确,无疑outofdispute无争论余地;的确,无疑indispute在争论中;尚未解决45.Ashumansettlementadvance,thetropicalforestsareretreatingandbecomingsmallereveryyear.retreatvi.撤退,退却n.撤退,退却glacialretreat【地质】冰川后退A.retrievingv.重新得到n.找回retrieve...from拯救...(免于),(从...)救出B.sprawling无计划地占用山林农田建造厂房(的)C.consuming强烈的D.withdrawing46.Thewar’simpactonthepopulationofthecountrywascatastrophic.A.influentialB.disastrousC.apparentD.criticalacriticaldecision重大的决定criticalcondition(病的)危险状态;临界状态criticalmoment47.Hisphysicantoldhimthatnottotakemuchofthedrugbecauseitwasverypotent.potentremedy有效的药A.bitterbitteradj.苦的,痛苦的,怀恨的B.irritantirritantn.刺激物adj.刺激的C.effective有效的,被实施的,给人深刻印象,有生力量D.powerfulpowerfuldrug特效药48.Certaindrugscancausetransientsideeffects,suchassleepiness.A.permanentA.itsconcepttobeB.goodsocialteamworkC.appropriateenvironmentalpoliciesD.therepresentativesofallsectorsofsocietypassage3peoplefromaroundtheworldflocktotheUnitedStatesexpectingtofindabetterlife.Buttoscientistssurprise,agrowingbodyofevidenceindicatesthatincreasingfamiliaritywithU.Scultureandsocietyrenders给予补偿immigrantsandtheirchildrenformoresusceptibletomanymentalandphysicalailments,eveniftheyattainfinancialsuccess.Thelateststudyofthisphenomenon,directedbyepidemiologistWilliamA.VegaoftheUniversityofTexas,SanAntonio,findsmuchhigherratesofmajordepression,substanceabuse,andothermentaldisordersinU.S-bornMexican-Americanscomparedwithbothrecentandlong-standingMexican-Americans.Thispatternheld有效regardlessofeducationofincomelevels.Vega’sresultsappearatthesametimeasthereleaseofanationalreportondecliningphysicalandmentalhealthinchildrinofimmigrantfamilies.Apanelconvened召集,集合bythenationalresearchcouncil理事会andtheinstitute学会ofmedicine,bothinWashingto,D.C.,reviewedpreviousstudiesandconcludedthatassimilationintoaU.S.lifestylemayunderminetheoverall全部的,全面的healthofimmigrantchildrenmuchmorethanbeingpoordoes.Incontrast,studiesofnonimmigrantU.S.residentsusuallylinkpovertytopoorphysicalandmentalhealth.“Thematerialonimmigranthealthshockedmewhenwefirstreviewedit”,sayspanelmemberArthusM.Kleinman,apsychiatristatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston.“Vega’sstudyisconsistentwith和…一致thepanel’sconclusionthatimmigrants’healthdeterioratewithassimilationtoU.S.society,declining使…下降towardgeneralUS.norms,”saysKleinman.Otherstudieshaveindicatedthatcitizensofmanycountries,includingMexico,arehealthieroverallthanUScitizen.Vega’steaminterviewed采访3012adultsofMexicanorigin,ages18-59,livinginFresnoCounty,Calif.Ofthatnumber,1810peopleidentifiedthemselvesasimmigrants.InterviewswereinEnglishorSpanish.InterviewersexpressedaninterestinginhealthissuesonlyandtriedtominimizeanytendencyofparticipantstoNearlyone-halfofUS-bornMexican-Americanshadsufferedfromatleastoneof12psychiatricdisordersatsometimeintheirlives,comparedwithonlyone-quarterofimmigrants.CommonmentalconditionsinUS-bornindividiualsincludedmajordepression成年抑郁症,phobias恐怖症andotheranxietydisorders,andsubstanceabuseanddependece.Prevalenceratesformentaldisorderswerelowestforthosewhohadimmigratedwithinthepast13years.Thehighratesfoundamongimmigrantsof13ormoreyearsstillfellconsiderablybelowthoseforthenative-borngroup.71.Vega’sgroupwassurprisedtofindworsephysicalandmentalhealthin____A.bothrecentandlong-standingMexican-AmericanimmigrantsB.theimmigrantswhoreceivedfeweryearsofeducationC.thefinanciallydisadvantagedimmigrants贫穷的移民D.US-bornMexican-American72.Thescientistsfoundthattheimmigrants’decliningphysicalandmentalhealthislinkedto____A.beingreluctanttoassimilateintotheUSlifestyleB.blendingwithUScultureandsocietyC.workinghardforabetterlifeD.beingpoor73.VegaandKleinman____A.aredividedoverthephenomenonbedividedonsth在…上有分歧B.ascribethephenomenontoracialdiscriminationC.puzzleoverthephenomenonD.seemtoseeeyetoeyeonthephenomenon74.Vega’steaminterviewedtheimmigrants____A.fortheirUSresidencyconcernsB.fortheiridentificationsC.fortheishealthissuesD.allofabove75.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisleastsusceptibletomentaldisorders?A.TheUS-bornMexican-AmericansB.Theimmigrantsof13ormoreyearsC.TheimmigrantsoffinancialsuccessD.Theimmigrantsoflessthan13Passage4Rainisnotwhatitusedtobe.Anewstudyrevealsthatmuchoftheprecipitation(雨、雪等的)降落;降水[雨](量)inEuropecontainssuchhighlevelsofdissolvedpesticidesthatitwouldbeillegaltosupplyitasdrinkingwater.“StudiesinSwitzerlandhavefoundthatrainislacedwith混有toxiclevelsofatrazine除草剂,regularlyexceededinrain”,saysStephanMuller,achemistattheWwissFederalInstituteforEnvironmentalScienceandTechnlgyinDubendorf.Thechemicalsappearto似乎haveevaporatedfromfieldsandbecomepartoftheclouds.BoththeEuropeUnionandSwitzerlandhavesetalimitof100nanogramsforanyparticularpesticideofdrikingwarter.But,especiallyinthefirstminutesofaheavystorm,raincancontainmuchmorethanthat.InastudytobepublishedbyMullerandhiscollegueThomasBucheliinAnslyticalChemistrythissummer,onesampleofrainwatercontainedalmost4000nanogramsperliterof2,4-dinitrophinol,awidelyusedpesticide.Previously,theauthorhadshownthatinrainsampletakenfrom41storms,ninecontainedmorethan100nanogramsofatrazineperliter,oneofthemaround900nanograms.Inthelateststudy,thehighestconcentrationsofpesticidesturnedupinthefirstrainafteralingdryspell,particalarlywhenlocalfieldshadrecentlybeensprayed,Untilnow,scientisthadassumedthatthepesticidesonlyinfiltratedgroundwaterdirectlyfromfields.Mullerwarnsthatthegrowingpracticeofusingrainwaterthatfallsontoroofstorecharge再装填undergroundwatermaybeaddingtobedanger.Thiswateroftencontainsdissolvedherbicidesthathadbeenaddedtoroofingmaterials,suchasbitumensheets,topreventvegetationgrowing.Hesuggeststhatthefirstflushofrainshouldbedivertedintosewerstominimizethepollutionofdrinkingwater,whichisnotusuasllytreatedtoremovetheseherbicidesandpesticides.76.AccordingtotheSwedishscientist,thepestcidesinrain____A.exceedthoseincropspraysB.canbetracedbacktocropspraysC.arenotastoxicastheyusedtobeD.arenothingbutatrazineandalachlor77.MullerandBuchelifoundthat2,4-dinitrophenol____A.iswidelyusedinagricultureB.exceededatrazineintherainsamplewaterC.canbemeasuredintheunitsofnanogramsD.wasfarinexcessoflimitindrinkingwater78.Scientistsusedtohypothesizethat____A.groundwaterwassagefordrinkingwaterB.herbicidesandpesticideswereharmlessC.pesticidescontainatedgroundwaterofdrinkingwaterD.rainwouldminimizethepollutionofdrinkingwater79.Mullerwarnsusnot____A.nottapgroundwarterfordrinkingwaterB.tousesuchroofingmaterialsasbitumensheetsC.toletthefirstflushofrainrechargeundergroundwaterD.todiverttheflushofrainintosewerswithoutremovingitsherbicidesandpesticides80.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingwaterB.RainwaterandundergroundwaterC.AgricultureandpesticidesD.FallingpesticidesPassage5Folkwisdomholdsthattheblindcanhearbetterthanpeoplewithsight.Scientistshaveanewreasontobelieveit.Reasearchnowindicatesthatblindandsightedpeopledisplaythesameskillatlocatingasound’soriginwhenusingbothears,butsomeblindpeoplecanhomeinonsoundsmoreaccuratelythantheirsightedcounterpartswhenallhaveoneearblocked.CanadianscientistsdescribedtheworkintheSept.17NATUR.Participantsinthestudyweretestedindividuallyinasound-insulated绝缘的;隔热的room.Theyfaced16small,concealedloudspeakersarrayedinasemicircleafewfeetaway.Withaheadrestkeepingtheirheadsteady,theparticipantspointedtotheperceivedoriginsofthesounds.Therearcherstestedeightblindpeople,whohadbeencompletelysightlessfrombirthofsinceaveryearlyage.Theyalsotestedthreenearlyblindpersons,whohadsomeresidualvisionattheperiphery外围oftheirgaze;sevensightedpeoplewearingblindfolds;and29sightedpeoplewithoutblindfolds.Allparticipantsweretestedbeforehandtoensurethattheirhearingwasnormal.Whenrestrictedtoone-ear,ormonaural,listening,fouroftheeightblindpeopleidentifiedsoundsourcesmoreaccuratelythandidthesightedpeople,saysstudyco-author合著者MichelPare,aneuroscientistattheUniversityofMontreal.Thesightedpeopleshowedespeciallypoorlocalizationofsoundsfromthespeakersonthesideoftheblockedear.Insightedpeoplewhocanhearwithbothears,“thebrainlearnstorelyonbinaural(stereo)cues.Thesedatasuggestthatblindpeoplehaven’tlearnedthatandKeepmonauralcuesasthedominantcues,”saysEricI.Knudsen,aneurobiologistatStanfordUniversitySchoolMedicine,“Ifinditsurpring.”81.onethingissurethatparticipantsinthestudy____A.hadnormalhearingB.werebornblindC.woreblindfoldsD.weredividedinto2groups82.Underwhatconditions,accordingtoPare,didtheblindtesteesperformbetterthantheirsightedcounterparts?A.whenbothusedoneearB.whenthespeakerswereconcealedC.whenthesoundswereturneddownD.whenbothwererestrictedtoblindfolds83.Knudsenexplainedthebetterhearingonthepartof就…来说theblindintermsof____A.cognitivepsychologyB.visualimagesC.binauralcuesD.monauralcues84.TheCanadianscientistsdidtheirtesttoanswerthequestionwhether____A.theblindcanhearsaswellasthesightedB.theblindhavehearingcapabilitiesC.blindpeopletracksoundsbetterD.folkwisdomiseducational85.WhatFolkwisdomholdsinthepassage____A.wasscientificallytestedinCanadaandUS,withdifferentresultsproducedB.hasbeenscientificallyverifedC.meritsfurtherinvestigationD.issurprisingtoeveryonepassage6“Igotcancerinmyprostrate.”DetectiveAndySipowiczofthefictional15thPrecinct,astoic,bigbearofaman,isclearlyinaworldof极大的painina1998episodeofNYPDBlue.Thestoryline故事情节dealsnotonlywithcancerbutalsowithmedicalscrew-ups一团糟,hospitalindignities轻蔑,andphysicianarrogance.Themalapropism用词错误(Andy,ofcourse,meant“prostate”)isabouttheonlymedicaldetailtheshowgotwrong-anditwasdeliberate,inkeepingwith与…一致Sipowicz’scoarse粗糙的buttenderheartedcharacter.Television,whichcanstilldepict描写deathasaneventakin类似的tofainting,isbeginningtotryhardertogetitshealthinformationright.Andahandfulof一把foundations基金会andconsultants咨询者areworkingtogettheattentionofwriters,producers,andassorted各种的Hollywoodmoguls险要人物,tryingtoconvincethemthat,intheareaofmedicine,thetruthisascompelling引人注目的asfiction.Thestakesarehigh.SurveysshowhowsurprisingnumberofAmericansgetmuchoftheirbasichealthinformationnotfromtheirdoctors,notevenfromnewspapersofnewsmagazines,butfromentertainmenttelevision.AsurveybythefederalCentersforDiseaseandPreventionfoundthatamongpeoplewhowatchsoapoperasaboutdiseaseanditspreventionfromthedaytimeserials.Some7percentactuallyvisitedadoctorbecauseofsomethingtheyviewed.Certaintelevisionshowsarenaturalsforhealtheducation.TheClintonAdminstationhasbeenquicksorecognizethepotency力量oftheentertainmentmediaasahealthpromoter.Secretary国务卿DonnaShalala,whoseDepartmentofHealthandHumanServiceseducatesthepublicthroughtraditionalbrochures小册子andpublicserviceAnnouncements,hasofferedTVwritersthesourcesofherdepartmenttohelpthemensureaccuracy.“EntertainmenttelevisionreachestheheartsandmindsofmillionsofAmericans,”shetoldUSNews.“Inrecentyears,Ihavechallenged表示置疑televisiontalk-showhosts,writersandproducers----asprofessionals,parentsandcitizens---tousethisincrediblepowertohelpAmericansgetaccuratepublichealthinformation.”86.Thestoryline“Igotcancerinmyprostrate”’sintentedto