高中英语定语从句知识点及练习

Practicemakesperfect!高中英语定语从句一

定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等；关系副词有when,

where,

why等

关系词在定语从句中有三大作用

1.

连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。

2.

替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。

3.

成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。

The

man

who

is

shaking

hands

with

my

father

is

a

policeman.

二

关系代词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,

whom,

whose,

which,

that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。

1.

who

指人，在定语从句中作主语。

That

is

the

teacher

who

teaches

us

physics.

2.

whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who

来代替。

Li

Ming

is

just

the

boy

(whom)

I

want

to

see.

3.

which

指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.

4.

that

指人时，相当于who

或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

He

is

the

man

that/who

lives

next

door.

Where

is

the

man

(that/whom)

I

saw

this

morning?

、The

season

that/which

comes

after

spring

is

summer.

The

dress

(that/which)

Ann

bought

doesn’t

fit

her

very

well.

5.

whose

指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。

I

visited

a

scientist

whose

name

is

known

all

over

the

country.

注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替：

The

house

whose

windows

are

broken

is

empty.

=The

house

the

windows

of

which

are

broken

is

empty.

Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover

is

yellow?

=Do

you

like

the

book

the

cover

of

which

is

yellow?

三

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that,

who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。

The

school

(which/that)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.

=The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

This

is

the

boy

(whom/who/that)

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

=This

is

the

boy

with

whom

I

played

tennis

with

yesterday.

注意：1.

含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of

等。

2.

介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。

The

man

with

whom

you

talked

just

now

is

my

neighbour.

3.

“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,

any,

none,

all,

both,

neither,

many,

most,

each,

few等代词或者数词。如：

He

loves

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

四

关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词有when,

where和why等。when,

where,

why都在定语从句中作状语，在意义上相当于介词+which结构，分别代替表示时间、地点或原因的先行词。

1.

when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

I’ll

never

forget

the

day

when/on

which

I

first

met

you.

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where/in

which

they

live.

五

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句

定语从句专项练习一、选择题1.

(09全国II)

My

friend

showed

me

round

the

town,

______

was

very

kind

of

him.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

where

D.

it

2.

(09安徽卷)Many

children______

parents

are

away

working

in

big

cities，are

taken

good

care

of

in

the

village．

A．their

B．whose

C．of

them

D．with

whom

3.

(09北京卷)–What

do

you

think

of

teaching,

Bob?

–I

find

it

fun

and

challenging.

It

is

a

job

___

you

are

doing

something

serious

but

interesting.

A.

where

B.

Which

C.

When

D.

that

4.

(09福建卷)It’s

helpful

to

put

children

in

a

situation

___

they

can

see

themselves

differently.A.

that

B.

when

C.

which

D.

where

5.

(09湖南卷)I

was

born

in

New

Orleans,

Louisiana,

a

city

______

name

will

create

a

picture

of

beautiful

trees

and

green

grass

in

our

mind.

A.

which

B.

of

which

C.

that

D.

whose

6.

(09江苏卷)Because

of

the

financial

crisis,

days

are

gone

_____

local

5-star

hotels

charged

6,000

yuan

for

one

night.

A.

if

B.

when

C.

which

D.

since

7.

(09辽宁卷)They’ve

won

their

last

three

matches,

________

I

find

a

bit

surprising

actually.

A.

that

B.

when

C.

what

D.

which

8.

(09全国I)She

brought

with

her

three

friends,

none

of

________I

had

ever

met

before.

A.

them

B.

who

C.

whom

D.

these

9.

(09全国II)

My

friend

showed

me

round

the

town,

______

was

very

kind

of

him.

A.

which

B.

that

C.

where

D.

it

10.

(09山东卷)Whenever

I

met

her,

_______

was

fairly

often,

she

greeted

me

with

a

sweet

smile.

A.

who

B.

which

C.

when

D.

that

11.

(09陕西卷)Gun

control

is

a

subject_______Americans

have

argued

for

a

long

time

.

A.

of

which

B.

with

which

C.

about

which

D.

into

which

12.

(09上海卷)Mozart’s

birthplace

and

the

house

______

he

composed

“The

Magic

Flute”

areboth

museums

now.

A.

where

B.

when

C.

there

D.

which

13.

(09四川卷)She’ll

never

forget

her

stay

there

____

she

found

her

son

who

had

gone

missing

two

years

before.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when

14.

(09天津卷)A

person

__

e-mail

account

is

full

won’t

be

able

to

send

or

receive

any

e-mails.

A.

who

B.

whom

C.

whose

D.

whoever

15.

(09天津卷)I

travel

to

the

Binhai

New

Area

by

light

railway

every

day,

_____

do

many

businessmen

who

live

in

downtown

Tianjin.

A.

as

B.

which

C.

when

D.

though

16.

(09浙江卷)I

have

reached

a

point

in

my

life

__I

am

supposed

to

make

decisions

of

my

own.A

which

B

where

C

how

D

why

17.

(09重庆卷)Life

is

like

a

long

race

_____we

compete

with

others

to

go

beyond

ourselves.

A.

why

B.

what

C.

that

D.

where18.(04全国卷)

The

English

play

__________

my

students

acted

at

the

New

Year’s

party

was

a

great

success.

A.

for

which

B.

at

which

C.

in

which

D.

on

which19.(03北京)

York,

__________

last

year,

is

a

nice

old

city.

A.

that

I

visited

B.

which

I

visited

C.

where

I

visited

D.

in

which

I

visited20.

(02北京)We

will

be

shown

around

the

city:

schools,

museums,

and

some

other

places,

______

other

visitors

seldom

go.

A.

what

B.

which

C.

where

D.

when二、翻译训练：1.我们在医院一直照顾take

care

of的老太太死了.

______________________________________________________________________________2.你想娶marry的姑娘昨天偷了我的钱包。

______________________________________________________________________________

3.孙老师写的书是世界上最好的书。

______________________________________________________________________________

4.你喜欢女孩就是我喜欢的女孩。

______________________________________________________________________________5.昨天被我家的狗咬的人bite今天又被你家狗咬了。

______________________________________________________________________________6.你知道他打算娶reason你的原因吗？

______________________________________________________________________________

7.我讨厌hate我住过的那个旅馆hotel。______________________________________________________________________________8.我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天______________________________________________________________________________9.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁marry人了。

______________________________________________________________________________10.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。

______________________________________________________________________________

11.The

old

lady

who

died

yesterday

left

one

million.

______________________________________________________________________________13.The

doctor

told

me

yesterday

that

there

is

nothing

that

he

could

do

for

my

father.

______________________________________________________________________________14.This

is

the

page

,where

you

can

find

the

answer.

This

is

the

page

,which

you

can

find

the

answer

on.

______________________________________________________________________________15.As

the

teacher

told

me

yesterday,

he

didn’t

pass

the

exam.

______________________________________________________________________________16.As

we

was

discussing

just

now,

it’s

easy

for

us

to

study

English.

______________________________________________________________________________17.As

my

mother

told

me

yesterday

,

my

girlfriend

didn’t

love

me

at

all.

______________________________________________________________________________18.

As

you

know,

the

money

is

very

important.

______________________________________________________________________________19.

We

are

studying

the

business

English,

which

is

very

useful

for

us

In

the

future.

______________________________________________________________________________20.Do

you

know

the

reason

why

your

dog

is

going

to

die?______________________________________________________________________________三、阅读理解There

are

stories

about

two

U.S

.

presidents,Andrew

Jackson

and

Martin

Van

Buren,which

attempt

to

explain

the

American

English

term

OK．We

don’t

know

if

either

story

is

true,but

they

are

both

interesting.The

first

explanation

is

based

on

the

fact

that

President

Jackson

had

very

little

education．In

fact,he

had

difficulty

reading

and

writing．When

important

papers

came

to

Jackson,he

tried

to

read

them

and

then

had

his

assistants

explain

what

they

said．If

he

approved

of

a

paper．he

would

write“all

correct”on

it．The

problem

was

that

he

didn’t

know

how

to

spell．So

what

he

really

wrote

was“ol

korekt”．After

a

while，he

shorten