2023年高考一轮复习英语阅读理解满分攻略考点4-主旨要义之段落大意(含详解)

考点4-主旨大意之段落大意--讲考点-胸有成竹

【2022年段落大意考点归纳】

段落大意

题型

2022试卷类型设问考点

阅读理解2022•新高考I卷阅读D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意

2022•全国甲卷D阅读D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意

20212021年全国乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout段落大意

mobilephones?

2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

20202020年新课标I卷D篇32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

[2023年高考命题预测】

主旨大意之段落大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章有多个段落，为什么把题出在其中的某个段落？

因为这个段落在文章中起着至关重要的作用，这些段落或引出话题或承上启下或总结全文。命题者的意图

是明确的，他们着眼于文章中起重要作用的段落进而设题。预测在2023高考中，段落大意题会继续在高考

阅读理解中呈现。

【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】

段落大意题常考问题：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis...

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagemainlydiscusses...

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

近几年高考段落大意考查的特点：

考查的段落一般没有主题句，这需要考生对整段进行归纳，找出段落的重点，总结段落大意。

总结段落大意

考例分析：

D【2020・全国I]

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplants

thathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings

thatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfbrthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandth

oftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"

switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（电源）・suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

B【2020•全国新课标III]

When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanks

fornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor?sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepinglabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including''WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;ifs

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout“Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

规律方法：如何总结段落大意？

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句

具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。

主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概

括主题句。

【试题精练】

1.D【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】

Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover

160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhoodhomes,themore

competenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.

Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,

skillandknowledge.

Growingupwithhomelibrariesboostsadultskillsinliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solving

beyondthebenefitsacquiredfromparentaleducationoryourowneducationaloroccupationalattainment.Kids

whogrowupinahomewherereadingisvaluedandmodeledaremorelikelytobegoodreaders.Strangelyenough,

though,advancededucationdoesn'tnecessarilyoffsetthe“lotsofbooksinthehome^^advantage.Adultswhogrew

upwithrelativelyfewbooksintheirhomesandlaterearnedacollegedegreehadliteracylevelsapproximately

equaltoadultswhogrewupinhomeswithlargelibrariesbutonlyattendedschoolfornineyears.

JessicaStillman[ofInc.]writes,surroundingyourselfwithmorebooksthanyoucouldeverreadsaysgood

thingsaboutyourmind.Thosebooksserveasaconstantreminderofallthethingsyoudon'tknow-whichhelps

keepyouintellectuallyhungryandcurious.Andpossibly,thiswillkeepyoualittlemoremodest,sinceresearch

showsthequickeryouaretoadmityoudon'tknowsomething,thefasteryoucanthenlearnit.AsJeffBezossays,

akeysignofintelligenceisthewillingnesstochangeyourmind,somethingthatonlyhappensifyou'rewillingto

admitthatyourcurrentthinkingmaynotbethebestthinking.Modesty,learningandthewillingnesstochangeyour

mindwhennewdatapresentsitself:Thafsanotherthreebonuseveryentrepreneurcanbenefitfrom.

12.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabouttheresearch?

A.Toughprocess.B.Inspiringdiscovery.

C.Numerousdata.D.Advancedtechnology.

2.C[2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】

Timezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecomingimpossibleto

knowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.^Fifty-sixstandardsoftime

arenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningtime,“reportedTheNewYork

TimesonApril19,1883.

In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroad

officialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember

18,1883.

Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryin

Washingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize（同步）theirwatches.

Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883

noted,4tThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”

Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,some

incidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedan

incidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,

standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.

Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedforeveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewere

objections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenupon

standardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.

Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin

1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinParis

createdthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B.Pariscreateditstimezone.

C.Timezoneswentworldwide.D.Timezonesprovedeffective.

3.C【2022届广东省高三六校第四次联考】

Astudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthansubtractionwhen

itcomestofindingsolutions-inmanycases,itseemswejustdon'tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingaway

atall.

Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular:when

peoplewereunderhighercognitive（认知的）load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,and

whenvolunteersdidn'tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,

participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteers

wereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren't.Inthegroupthatgotthe

reminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick-whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientway

ofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroupthatdidn'tgetthereminder,only41percentwentforthe

removingbricksapproach.

“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasrequiremorecognitiveeffortJsays

psychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia."Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastand

workingwiththefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsidering

subtractionatall.^^

Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasier

toprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat*sbiggerandthereforebetterin

oursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneeds

tobemaintainedasmuchaspossible-andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrent

statusthanaddingsomethingnew.

Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense:forinstitutionslookingtostreamline（简

化），forexample,andevenforthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet'sresources.

11.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.

B.Theeffectsoftakingsomethingaway.

C.Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.

D.TheimportanceofmaintainingcuiTentstatus.

4.D【2022届山东省蒲泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】

Aroundoneheartattackin50inrichEuropeancountriesiscausedbylongexposuretoloudtraffic,according

totheWorldHealthOrganization.Theill-effectsofnoisepollutioninsuchcountriesaresecondonlytothosefrom

dirtyair.Long-termexposurecancausehormonal（荷尔蒙的）imbalancesaswellasmental-healthproblems.

Roadsidebarrierscanhelpdecreasethenoise,buttheyareexpensive—upto$600,000perkilometer.Besides,

theyworklesswellonwindydaysandareimpracticalalongcitystreets.

Happily,thereisanotheroption.Byaddingrubberpowders,recycledfromusedtyres,tothebitumen（沥青）

andbrokenstonesusedtomakeasphalt（柏汕路）,engineersaredesigningquieterstreets.Firstusedexperimentally

inthe1960s,thisrubberized,softerasphaltcutstrafficnoisebyaround25%.Evenbetter,italsolastslongerthan

thenormalsort.Notsurprisingly,rubberizedasphaltiscatchingon.

Rubberizedasphaltkeepsthenoisedowninacoupleofways.Gapsbetweenthestonesinstandardasphalt

mustbesmall,becauseiftheyaretoobigthebitumenbinding(粘合齐(J)cannotdoitsjobproperly.Adding

rubberthickensthebitumen.Thatallowsbiggergaps,whichhelptotrapandspreadsoundwaves.Therubberized

bitumenitselfisflexible,whichenablesittoabsorbmoreunwantedsoundenergy.

Bitumenismadefromoil,whichmeansitspricehasrisenoverthepastdecadealongsidethatoftheoil.

Thrown-awaytyres,bycontrast,arecheapandarelikelytogetcheaper.Nowadaysenoughtyresarerecycledin

Americaeachyeartoproduce20,000milesofthestuff,enoughtorebuildabout0.5%ofAmerica'sroads.

RubberroadsarealsopopularinChina,Brazil,SpainandGermany.Theirpopularitycouldspreadfurther,

sinceitisnowpossibletomakerubberizedasphaltlessexpensivelythanthetraditionalsort.

12.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkaboutconcerningnoisepollution?

A.Itdoesmoreharmthanairpollution.

B.Itbecomesthemaincauseofheartattack.

C.Itmaycausehealthproblemsinthelongrun.

D.Itcanbegotridofbyputtinguproadsidebarriers.

考点4-主旨大意之段落大意--讲考点-胸有成竹

【2022年段落大意考点归纳】

段落大意

题型

2022试卷类型设问考点

阅读理解2022•新高考I卷阅读D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?段落大意

2022•全国甲卷D阅读D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意

20212021年全国乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout段落大意

mobilephones?

2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

20202020年新课标I卷D篇32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainly段落大意

about?

[2023年高考命题预测】

主旨大意之段落大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章有多个段落，为什么把题出在其中的某个段落？

因为这个段落在文章中起着至关重要的作用，这些段落或引出话题或承上启下或总结全文。命题者的意图

是明确的，他们着眼于文章中起重要作用的段落进而设题。预测在2023高考中，段落大意题会继续在高考

阅读理解中呈现。

【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】

段落大意题常考问题：

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis...

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagemainlydiscusses...

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

近几年高考段落大意考查的特点：

考查的段落一般没有主题句，这需要考生对整段进行归纳，找出段落的重点，总结段落大意。

总结段落大意

考例分析：

D【2020・全国I]

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,fbrexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthe

cityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaces

weredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurtherchangingthe

actualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplants

thathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater."We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethings

thatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（发光）inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.

Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightfbrthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandth

oftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolightthe

roomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesina

one-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"

switch“wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource（电源）・suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotof

energyislostduringtransmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.316

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

【答案】32.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发

了•种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的•些优势，指出在未来发光植物

有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexamplediscoveredthatgreener

areasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheir

workplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较

好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时.，他们的工作效率会提高15%o

由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。

B12020•全国新课标III】

When”RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimal

activistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.

Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:'Thanks

fornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind“Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（图像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsanmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,"HTheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,uhavedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it's

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSates.241

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

【答案】25.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好

者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时•，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使

用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的

组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。

25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（动作捕捉）te

chnologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatI

recordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalim

age（图像）.”可知,“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的

技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是

关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。

规律方法：如何总结段落大意？

段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句

具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。

主题句通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概

括主题句。

【试题精练】

1.D【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】

Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover

160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhoodhomes,themore

competenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.

Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,

skillandknowledge.

Growingupwithhomelibrariesboostsadultskillsinliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solving

beyondthebenefitsacquiredfromparentaleducationoryourowneducationaloroccupationalattainment.Kids

whogrowupinahomewherereadingisvaluedandmodeledaremorelikelytobegoodreaders.Strangely

enough,though,advancededucationdoesn'tnecessarilyoffsetthe“lotsofbooksinthehome"advantage.Adults

whogrewupwithrelativelyfewbooksintheirhomesandlaterearnedacollegedegreehadliteracylevels

approximatelyequaltoadultswhogrewupinhomeswithlargelibrariesbutonlyattendedschoolfornineyears.

JessicaStillman[ofInc.Jwrites,surroundingyourselfwithmorebooksthanyoucouldeverreadsaysgood

thingsaboutyourmind.Thosebooksserveasaconstantreminderofallthethingsyoudon'tknow-whichhelps

keepyouintellectuallyhungryandcurious.Andpossibly,thiswillkeepyoualittlemoremodest,sinceresearch

showsthequickeryouaretoadmityoudon'tknowsomething,thefasteryoucanthenlearnit.AsJeffBezossays,

akeysignofintelligenceisthewillingnesstochangeyourmind,somethingthatonlyhappensifyou'rewillingto

admitthatyourcurrentthinkingmaynotbethebestthinking.Modesty,learningandthewillingnesstochangeyour

mindwhennewdatapresentsitself:That'sanotherthreebonuseveryentrepreneurcanbenefitfrom.

12.Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabouttheresearch?

A.Toughprocess.B.Inspiringdiscovery.

C.Numerousdata.D.Advancedtechnology.

【答案】12.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人

拥有终身的品味、技能和知识。文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算

和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处。

12.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingto

a2018studyofover160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants,childhood

homes,themorecompetenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnological

problem-solving.Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouth

withlifelongtastes,skillandknowledge.（读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家。2018年的一项研

究对31个国家的16万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越

有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导

向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识）“可知，第一段主要讲的是鼓舞人心的发现。故选B。

2.C[2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】

Timezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.Itwasbecomingimpossibleto

knowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.lTifty-sixstandardsoftime

arenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningreportedTheNew

YorkTimesonApril19,1883.

In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroad

officialsagreedtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember18,

1883.

Thoughthenewtimestandardwasnotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryin

Washingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeoplecouldsynchronize（同步）theirwatches.

Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovember16,1883

noted,"ThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”

Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,andvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,some

incidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,describedan

incidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,

standardtime,butwasruledthatitwasafter10:00.

Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedfbreveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.However,therewere

objections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenupon

standardtime.Louisvillesetallitsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.

Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin

1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinParis

createdthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.

11.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B.Pariscreateditstimezone.

C.Timezoneswentworldwide.D.Timezonesprovedeffective.

【答案】11.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。

11.段落大意题。根据最后一段“Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.The

successfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.The

followingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.”

（到了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883年在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立

了榜样。第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终