高中英语语法-情态动词总结(附带练习)

情态动词总结

I情态动词的特征：本身有词义。不能独立作谓语。2.后接动词原形一起构成谓语。3.不随人称和数的变化。II情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：1.can与could用法对比点cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn’tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“许可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“怀疑”No,no,itcan’tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can与beableto区别could代替can，表示语气更为婉转。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Icancan(能够)=beableto(仅表能力时)，但beableto表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的时态。2.may与might用法对比点maymight1．表“询问”MayI…?(=CanI…?)MightI…?(=CouldI…?)(但比用may更客气)2.表“允许”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.(might与told相呼应)3．表“可能”“或许”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I’mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1.MayI…?的答语。2.may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!3.may(might)用于目的状语从句。肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustn’t不行（语气强硬）No,youmaynot或No,you’dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.3.must与haveto用法对比点musthaveto1.表“必须”（主观看法）必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客观需要）不得不，有多种时态。It’srainingheavily,wecan’tgonow.2.疑问句MustI…?Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.(不必)Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.Youdon’thavetoworryaboutthat.4.need与dare用法对比点needdare1.情态v.+动词原形1）否定式2）疑问式Heneednot(needn’t)go.Needwedoitagain?No,youneedn’tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI’munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he’llbepunished.Idaresay.(固定用法)2.实义v.+todo1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑问式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn’t(doesnot)needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn’tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot(doesn’t)daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示过去没必要做Shedidn’tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.(她没有参加)5.should与oughtto用法对比点shouldoughtto1、表“应该”表劝告、建议Youshouldlistentothedoctor’sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua.“有责任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估计”Theyshouldgethomebynow.“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.注：1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用2)注意：oughtto的疑问式及否定式Oughthetogo?Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.No,heoughtn’tto.否定式：oughtn’ttodo(不说oughttonotdo)反疑问句：oughtn’t______?6.shall与will用法shallwill1.征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：ShallI(we)…?Shallhe(she)…?WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Willyou(please)…?Won’tyou…?Wouldyouliketo...?(would替代will更客气)Won’tyougoandseethefilm?你不去看电影吗Yes,IthinkIwill.不，我想去。2.表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。2.表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：Iwon’tdoanythingyoudon’tlike.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。7.usedto与would用法usedtowould()10.Jenny_____havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.A.must B.shouldC.need D.would()11.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudied B.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudied D.wouldstudy()12.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?—Yes,ofcourseyou_____.A.might B.willC.can D.should()13.Tomoughtnotto_____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetold B.tell C.betelling D.havingtold()14.—Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken()15.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.must B.mayC.can D.will()16.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI_____forher.A.hadtowriteitoutB.musthavewrittenitoutC.shouldhavewrittenitoutD.oughttowriteitout()17.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcomeC.came D.hadcome()18.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you_____.I’vetoldhimalready.A.needn’t B.wouldn’tC.mustn’t D.shouldn’t()19.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaks B.hasbrokenC.werebroken D.hadbeenbroken()20.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.should D.can()21.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It_____acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen()22.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t()23.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_____getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto()24.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.should C.might D.need()25.—IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed()26.—Willyoustayforlunch?—Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn’t B.Ican’t C.Ineedn’t D.Iwon’t()27.—AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?—I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.should D.might()28.—Writetomewhenyougethome. —_____.A.ImustB.IshouldC.Iwill D.Ican()29.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou,you_____homewithoutaword. A.mustn’tleave B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleft D.needn’tleave()30.—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may专项练习（二）1.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.

A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespoken

C.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken

2.Oneought_____forwhatonehasn’tdone.

A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunished

C.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished

3.Ifyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmust___always___somuch.

A.not;besmokingB.not;havesmoked

C.not;tosmokeD.benot;smoking

4.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_____toseethegamelastnight.

A.mustn’tgoB.shouldn’tgoC.couldn’thavegoneD.shouldn’thavegone

5.MostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaythatit______betterorganized.

A.hadbeenB.hadtobeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen

6.I’msurprisedthathe_____intheexam.

A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailed

7.Thelittlegirl_____therealone.

A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.darenotgoD.darenottogo

8.“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you_____.”

A.won’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.don’t

9.Hesaidhewouldrathernot_____itrightnow.

A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing

10.You_____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.

A.needn’ttocomeB.don’tneedcomeC.don’tneedcomingD.needn’tcome

11.Putonmoreclothes.You_____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

12.I_____playfootballthanbaseball.

A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer

13.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.

A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must

14.Therewasplentyoftimes.She_____.

A.mustn’thavehurriedB.couldn’thavehurried

C.mustnothurryD.needn’thavehurried

15.Theplantisdead.I_____itmorewater.

A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven

16.You_____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot

17.It’sstillearly,you_____.

A.mustn’thurryB.wouldn’thurryC.maynothurryD.don’thavetohurry

18.Pleaseopenthewindow,_____?

A.can’tyouB.aren’tyouC.doyouD.willyou

19.We_____forherbecauseshenevercame.

A.mustn’thavewaitedB.shouldn’thavewaited

C.mustn’twaitD.needn’twait

20.—MayIstophere?—No,you_____.

A.mustn’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.won’t

21.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,_____.

A.won’tweB.willweC.don’tweD.shallwe

22.Ididn’tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.She_____atthemeeting.

A.mustn’thavespokenB.shouldn’thavespoken

C.needn’thavespokenD.couldn’thavespoken

23.—Pleasedon’tmakeanoise.—_____.I’llbeasquietasamouse.

A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Iwon’tC.No,IwillD.Yes,Iwill

24.Theyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathe_____nothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.

A.couldB.mustC.wouldD.should

25.—WhereisJohn?—He_____inthelibrary.

A.shouldbeB.mustbeC.canbeD.musthavebeen

26.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,_____lastnight.

A.itmustrainB.itmustberaining

C.itmusthaverainedD.itmusthavebeenrain

27.—Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?

—I’mnotquitesure.He_____tothecinematonight.

A.mustgoB.cangoC.maygoD.maybegoing

28.She’salreadytwohourslate.What______toher?

A.canhavehappenedB.mayhavehappened

C.shouldhavehappenedD.musthappen

29.Youmustbeawriter,_____?

A.mustn’tyouB.areyouC.mustyouD.aren’tyou

30.Igotupearlythatmorning,butI_____sobecauseIhadnoworktodo.

A.mustn’thavedoneB.didn’tneedtodo

C.needn’thavedoneD.can’thavedone

31.He_____havecomehereyesterday,buthedidn’t.

A.couldB.shouldC.oughttoD.alltheabove

32.Imissedthelastbus,soI_____gohomeonfoot.

A.mustB.havetoC.mayD.hadto

33.Heoughttowinthefirstprize,_____he?

A.oughtn’tB.shouldn’tC.mustn’tD.bothAandB

34.Everyone_____dohisbestforthemodernizationsofourcountry.

A.canB.mayC.shouldD.might

35.Let’scleanourclassroom,_____?

A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou

36.Letusplaybasketball,______?

A.willyouB.don’tweC.shallweD.doyou

37.Heaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathe_____haveittomorrow.

A.mustB.mayC.shallD.bothBandC

38.“Yourphonenumberagain?I_____quitecatchit.”“It’s9568442.”

A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t

39.Mother_____usstorieswhenwewerechildren.

A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling

40.Shewouldrather_____moremoneyonbooks_____onclothes.

A.cost…notB.tospare…don’tC.pay…thanD.spend…than专项练习（三）1.—HasLiLinstarted?Hesaidhewouldjoinintheparty.

—He______.Heisamanofkeepinghisword.

A.couldhaveleft

B.musthaveleft

C.can’tcome

D.won’tbecoming

2.—MayIparkmycarhere?—No,you______.Nocarisallowedtoparkhere.

A.maynot

B.needn’t

C.mustn’t

D.daren’t

3.—Excuseme,couldyoutellmewheretheYajiaSupermarketis?

—It’stwoblocksstraightahead.You______missit.

A.mustn’t

B.can’t

C.needn’t

D.shouldn’t

4.—IsawMr.SunatTongyuStationthismorning.—You______.He’sstillonholidayinHawaii.

A.couldn’thave

B.mustn’thave

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t

5.—HowaboutpayingavisittoDr.Wang,ourformerChineseteacher?

—Goodidea.Iwille-mailhimtodaysothathe______know______toexpectus.

A.shall;why

B.could;whenC.would;what

D.will;how

6.Everythinghastwosides.Beautifulsongs,sometimes,______bejustnoisetoothers.

A.must

B.may

C.should

D.could

7.Someone______myumbrella.Ifounditwetyesterday.

A.mustbeusing

B.musthaveused

C.mustuse

D.musthavebeenusing

8.—Howdangerousitwas!—Yes,butforthepasser-by’squickaction,thegirl______.

A.wasdrowned

B.couldhavebeendrownedC.haddrowned

D.shouldbedrowned

9.You______scoldsuchapupilwhoalwayskeepssilentsoseriouslythatyou______hurthim.

A.should;can

B.may;will

C.mustn’t;may

D.can’t;must

10.—WhydoesAliceknowsomuchaboutAngkorWat?—She______havebeenthere,or...

A.must

B.oughtn’tto

C.may

D.can’t

11.—Youmaylaugh,butI’vebeenthinkingofbecomingavegetarian.—Oh,you______becrazy.Youwillbehungryallthetime.

A.must

B.may

C.will

D.need

12.—What’sthematterwithyou?

—Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I______somuchfriedfishjustnow.

A.shouldn’teat

B.mustn’thaveeaten

C.shouldn’thaveeaten

D.mustn’teat

13.—______hehavebeenchosenascaptainofthefootballteam?—Yes,he______.

A.Can;musthave

B.Must;musthave

C.Can;must

D.Must;must

14.Mr.Zhang______inShanghaitomorrowmorning.

A.canhavearrived

B.willhavearrived

C.mayhavearrived

D.musthavearrived

15.MissWangstartedat8o’clock,andshe______betherenow.

A.should

B.can

C.can’t

D.need

16.—ItmustbeMr.Liwhodidit.—No,it______beMr.Li.

A.mustn’t

B.wouldn’t

C.can’t

D.may17.You______finishreadingthebookassoonaspossible.

A.may

B.can

C.need

D.should

18.—Needyougotoworknow?—Yes,I______.

A.must

B.need

C.can

D.dare

19.Yourtrousersaredirty.______themforyou?

A.ShallIwash

B.WillIwashC.AmIgoingtowash

D.AmIwashing

情态动词专项练习与解析一【练习解析】1．C从原题中Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。2．D从原题中Whereismypen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must+havedone表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。3．C原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。4．B从原题中的Ididn’thearthephone.这一信息可以判断出，用musthavedone表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。5．A从原题中lastSaturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would+havedone。6．Amighthave+过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。7．C从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，Ifithadnotbeenfor…“要不是因为……”。8．D原题中的Withoutelectricity相当于一个条件句：Iftherewerenoelectricity,故主句用humanlifewouldbequitedifficulttoday.9．Acan可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。10．B从原题总的“Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should+havedone，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。11．C可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”12．C原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①—Wouldyouratherdosuchathing?—Yes,Iwould.②—Wouldyoulikesometea?—Yes,Iwould.这两个对话中的wouldrather，wouldlike是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。13．A可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”oughtnottohavedone=shouldn’thavedone14．B从答语中的Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。15．B从原题中的butheisn’tverysureyet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。16．C可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……17．D从原题中Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting和后文shewouldhavemetmybrother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。18．A你不必告诉他。因为I’vetoldhimalready这一信息句已暗示考生了。19．C当asif引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，asif后接一般过去时。例如：Hewalkedasifhewerelame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：Hetalkedasifhehadknownthesecret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。20．C只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文atanymoment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”21．D根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。22．Bmustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”23．D该题在考考生could与wasableto之间的区别。Wasableto表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。24．B该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。25．A该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could+have+过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。26．B该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure!Certainly!Yes,ofcourse.I’dbegladto等；否定回答通常是I’msorry,Ican’t.No,I’mafraidIcan’t.I’msorry,but…I‘dliketo,but…等。27．Dmight表示“可能性”。28．C意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。29．Bshouldn’thavedone为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。30．D用maynot可表示“可能不”。而cannot则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。专项练习二答案与解析

1.D.must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’thavedonesth.表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’thavedonesth.表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’thavedonesth.表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。

2.A.情态动词ought后要接带to的不定式，oughttodo的否定式是oughtnottodo，所以答案是A。

3.A.mustnotalwaysbedoingsth.表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。

4.D.题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’thavegone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’thavegone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。

5.D.couldhavedonesth.表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。

6.D.should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用shouldhavedonesth.Would和may通常不带感情色彩。

7.C.题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。

8.B.must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’thaveto。

9.C.wouldrather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为wouldrathernot。

10.D.need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t(doesn’t)needtodo。

11.D.must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could,would等肯定得多。此处“must+不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。

12.A.wouldrather…than…，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。

13.B.由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。

14.D.needn’thavedone意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。

15.D.shouldhavedone表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。

16.C.can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），maynot（不可以），均不合题意。

17.D.don’thaveto=needn’t

18.D.will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。

19.B.shouldnothavedone表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，