初高中英语衔接之英语句子成分分析+简单句句型

句子成分分析

句子成分分析教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

㈠主语

句子说明的人或事物，通常在句首

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Threeandthreemakessix.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语：情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing

复合谓语：

系表结构Hisideasoundsresonable.Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语是指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.Hegavesomebookstome.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.（四）表语表语主要用于表述主语的特征，状态，身份等。它位于连系动词后，构成系表结构。连系动词例:我是一个老师.Iamateacher.表语例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.Thiskindoffruittastesverydelicious.表语1.be动词(am,is,are,was,were)3.感官动词(look,smell,sound,taste，feel…)+表语2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)例:那个女孩变得非常担心.Thegirlgotworried.表语（五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Theswimmingpoolisbeautiful.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?

（六）状语

状语是啥？--来自妈妈的灵魂拷问

1.干啥了？--打架了2.在哪（打架）？3.啥时候（打架）？4.为什么要（打架）？5.（打架）啥程度？......IfoughtwithPeterfiercelythismorningintheclassroombecausehecalledmeanidiot.

（六）状语

状语的功用：状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、程度、让步和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Althoughitwaslate,hewentonworking.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.补语主语补足语：宾语补足语：补充说明主语的动作或状态补充说明宾语的动作或状态１．我又累又困，就去睡了。Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.2．我发现那本书很有趣。Ifoundthatbookveryinteresting.主语补足语宾语补足语（七）补足语同位语是指当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分。我们有两个孩子，一男一女．Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车．Theman,myteacher,neverridesabike.（八）同位语

Exercises:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

简单句的五种基本句型一:主＋谓二:主＋系＋表三:主＋谓＋宾四:主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾五:主＋谓＋宾＋宾补英语中的句子有三大类：简单句，并列句和复合句。基本句型一:主＋谓谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.(不及物动词)1.Thesun

rises.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：主＋系＋表1.This

is

adictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.基本句型三:主＋谓＋宾此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.基本句型四:主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.givesbsth=givesthtosb基本句型五:主＋谓＋宾＋宾补此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:

位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Weshouldkeeptheclassroomclean.Youmakemehappy.是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词，只在两个简单句之间用分号。二.基本结构：“简单句+并列连词+简单句”并列句一.概念Itislate,sowemusthurry.Itislate；wemusthurry.

Hehelpsme______Ihelphim。He_______gaveusalotofadvice,_______helpedustostudyEnglish.Hurryup,_______you’llbelate._____Tomiscoming_____hissistersare(coming).Shelooksveryyoung,_____sheisalreadyinher30's.

andbutalsonotonly常用的连词有and,so,but,however,or(或者，否则),notonly...butalso...，either...or(不是……就是)等。如：orEitherorbut复合句一.定义：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。主句可以独立存在；从句不能独立存在。种类：有3大类。即状语从句，定语从句和