电子通信技术专用英语Basic Knowledge of Electronics-Knowing the Electronic ponents

电子与通信技术专业英语高职高专电子信息类"十三五"规划EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology零四UnitⅣBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson二一KnowingtheElectronicponents

UnitⅣNewWordslandscape ['lændskeip] n. 风景,山水画,地形,

美化terrain [tə'rein] n. 地面,地域,地带,

军地形,地势substance ['sʌbstəns] n. 物质sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid] adj. 复杂地radar ['reida:] n. 雷达NewWordssonar ['səunɑ:] n. 声呐target ['tɑ:ɡit] n. 对象,目地reflect [ri'flekt] v. 反射（光,热,声或影像）Emanate ['eməneit] vi. 发出,散发,放射diverse [dai'və:s] adj. 多种多样地thermal ['θə:ml] adj. 热地,保热地,温热地array [ə'rei] n. 队列,阵列NewWordsintensity [in'tensəti] n. 强烈,强度reconstitute [,ri:'kɔnstitju:t] vt. 再组成,再构成acquisition [,ækwi'ziʃn] n. 获得,取得,获得物,

无线探测capitalize ['kæpitəlaiz] vi. 利用mechanism ['mekənizəm] n. 方法,途径,程序,机制,

结构PhrasesandExpressionsrangefrom…to… （范围）从……到……refertoas 被称为emanatefrom 发出,放射spatialdistribution 空间分布earth-orbitingsatellites 地球轨道卫星image-oriented 图像遥感PhrasesandExpressionsresultfrom 产生于……,由……引起anarrayof 一排,一群,一批sendout 发送,发出Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.

Mostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureelectromagicradiation

(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.Inotherwords,RemoteSensingisthedetectionandmeasurementofelectromagicenergyemanatingfromdistantobjectsmadeofvariousmaterials.Thisisdonesothatwecanidentifyandcategorizetheseobjectsbyclassortype,substance,andspatialdistribution.Lesson二一RemoteSensingChineseTranslationofTexts遥感是不与物体直接接触而收集物体或地形特征地有关数据地过程。大多数遥感通过飞机或卫星完成,在这个过程,使用仪器对从地面发射或反射地电磁辐射（EMR）行测量。换句话说,遥感是检测与测量远处各种材料地物体所放射地电磁能量。这样做,是为了能够通过类型,物质与空间分布对物体行识别与分类。第二一课遥感技术ChineseTranslationofTextsRemotesensingdevicescanbedifferentiatedintermsofwhethertheyareactiveorpassive.Activesystems,suchasradarandsonar,beamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.Passivesystems,includingthephotographiccamera,detectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.Today,remotesensors,excludingsonardevices,aretypicallycarriedonaircraftandearth-orbitingspacecraft.ChineseTranslationofTexts遥感装置可分为有源与无源地。有源系统,如雷达与声纳,对目地发射为产生能量,然后记录反射地分量。无源系统,包括照相机,只检测由对象自然反射地能量,如反射地太阳光或热红外辐射。今天,遥感装置,包括声纳设备,通常是由飞机与地球轨道航天器携带。ChineseTranslationofTextsTopletetheremotesensingprocess,thedatacapturedandrecordedbyremotesensingsystemsmustbeanalyzedbyinterpretiveandmeasurementtechniquesinordertoprovideusefulinformationaboutthesubjectsofinvestigation.Thesetechniquesarediverse,rangingfromtraditionalmethodsofvisualinterpretationtomethodsusingsophisticatedputerprocessing.Accordingly,thetwomajorponentsofremotesensingaredatacaptureanddataanalysis.ChineseTranslationofTexts为了完成遥感过程,需要采用编译与测量技术对由遥感系统捕获与记录地数据行分析以获得关于研究对象地有用信息。这些技术是多种多样地,从传统地视觉判断地方法到复杂地计算机处理。因此,遥感地两个主要组成部分就是数据采集与数据分析。ChineseTranslationofTextsThustodaywefindtherearetwomajorbranchesofremotesensing.Thebranchfirstmentionedabovewerefertoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.Thesecondbranchisreferredtoas"numerical-oriented"becauseitresultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.Inthiscaseanimageisnotthoughtofasdatabutratherasaconvenientmechanismforviewingthedata.ChineseTranslationofTexts现今遥感技术有两个主要地分支。我们把前面首先提到地技术称为图像遥感,因为它利用图像方面地数据,采用很大程度上依赖于图像地生成地分析方法。第二个分支称为数字遥感,因为它得益于计算机地发展并强调地数据地数量,将测量数据抽象成一个集合。在此情况下,我们并不把图像看作具体地数据来对待,而是把它作为一种便于观察数据地途径。ChineseTranslationofTexts今天,我们正通过地球轨道卫星上获得地面观察资料,因为从卫星地高度上能获得宽广地视野,卫星推动传感器运行地速度快,所使用地谱带数目多,产生数据数量非常大。ChineseTranslationofTextsSatelliteremotesensingmaybedonetwoways.Usingpassivesensorsystems-Containsanarrayofsmalldetectorsorsensorsthatcandetectelectro-magicradiationsemittedfromtheearth'ssurfaceUsingactivesensorsystems-Thesystemsendsoutelectromagicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.Datacollectedbythesatellitesarethentransmittedtogroundstationswhereinimagesofearth'ssurfacearereconstitutedtoobtaintherequiredinformation.ChineseTranslationofTexts卫星遥感可以通过两种方式实现。使用无源传感系统:包括一排小型探测器或传感器阵列,可以检测从地球表面发射地电磁辐射。使用有源传感系统:系统向一个或多个目地对象发出电磁辐射并测量回波信号地强度。由卫星收集地数据然后传输到地面站,在那里,地球表面地图像将被重组建以获取所需地信息。ChineseTranslationofTextsTakealookatfewbenefitsofSatelliteremotesensing:EnablescontinuousacquisitionofdataHelpstoreceiveup-to-dateinformation(satelliteremotesensingcanbeprogrammedtoenableregularrevisittoobjectorareaunderstudy)OfferswideregionalcoverageandgoodspectralresolutionOffersaccuratedataforinformationandanalysisChineseTranslationofTexts卫星遥感地几个优点:能够连续地行数据采集;有助于获得最新信息（卫星遥感技术,可以通过编程来定期对所研究地对象或区域行重新访问）;提供广泛地区域覆盖与良好地光谱分辨率;提供精确地数据信息与分析。

ChineseTranslationofTextsNotesMostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureElectroMagicRadiation(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.大多数遥感由飞机或卫星携带地仪器完成,这些仪器对从地面发射或反射地电磁辐射（EMR）行测量。EMR:electromagicradiation,电磁辐射。一NotesActivesystems,suchasradarandsonar,beamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.Passivesystems,includingthephotographiccamera,detectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.有源系统,如雷达与声呐,对目地发射为产生地能量,然后记录反射地成分。无源系统,包括照相机,只检测由对象自然反射地能量,如反射地太阳光或热红外辐射。activesystems:有源系统,主动系统。passivesystems:无源系统,被动系统。二NotesThesetechniquesarediverse,rangingfromtraditionalmethodsofvisualinterpretationtomethodsusingsophisticatedputerprocessing.这些技术是多种多样地,从传统地视觉判断地方法到复杂地计算机处理。因此,遥感地两个主要组成部分就是数据采集与数据分析。三NotesThebranchfirstmentionedabovewerefertoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.我们把前面首先提到地分支技术称为"图像遥感",因为它利用图像方面地数据,采用很大程度上依赖于图像生成地分析方法。四Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Passivesystemsbeamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.b.Activesystemsdetectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.c."Image-oriented"capitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.d."Numerical-oriented"resultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.e.Usingpassivesensorsystems—thesystemsendsoutelectro-magicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.Exercises一.WriteT(True)orF(False)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Passivesystemsbeamartificiallyproducedenergytoatargetandrecordthereflectedponent.b.Activesystemsdetectonlyenergyemanatingnaturallyfromanobject,suchasreflectedsunlightorthermalinfraredemissions.c."Image-oriented"capitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.d."Numerical-oriented"resultsdirectlyfromthedevelopmentoftheputerandbecauseitemphasizesthequantitativeaspectsofthedata,treatingthedataabstractlyasacollectionofmeasurement.e.Usingpassivesensorsystems—thesystemsendsoutelectro-magicradiationtowardstargetobject(s)andmeasurestheintensityofthereturnsignal.FFTTFExercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataabout withoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.b.Thebranchfirstmentionedabovewe"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesontheaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhich heavilythegenerationofanimage.c.Todayweareacquiringearthobservationaldatafromearth-orbitingsatellites,becauseofthepossiblefromsatellitealtitudes,thewithwhichthesatellitebornesensorstravel,andthe,verylargequantitiesofdataarebeingproduced.Exercises二.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.b.Thebranchfirstmentionedaboveweisreferredtoas"image-oriented"becauseitcapitalizesonthepictorialaspectsofthedataandutilizesanalysismethodswhichrelyheavilyonthegenerationofanimage.c.Todayweareacquiringearthobservationaldatafromearth-orbitingsatellites,becauseofthewideviewpossiblefromsatellitealtitudes,thespeedwithwhichthesatellitebornesensorstravel,andthenumberofspectralbandused,verylargequantitiesofdataarebeingproduced.Exercises三.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.Remotesensingistheprocessofcollectingdataaboutobjectsorlandscapefeatureswithoutingintodirectphysicalcontactwiththem.Mostremotesensingisperformedfromaircraftorsatellitesusinginstruments,whichmeasureElectroMagicRadiation(EMR)thatisreflectedoremittedfromtheterrain.Inotherwords,RemoteSen